[PPT] - Smoking and Health Dr Saqib Shahab Medical Health Officer 1 PowerPoint Presentation

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Smoking and Health

Dr Saqib Shahab Medical Health Officer

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YORKTON SMOKE FREE PUBLIC PLACES COMMITTEE

PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY SEPTEMBER 2003

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Second-hand smoke carries health risks to non- smokers. More than two-thirds ( 7 0 % )

f residents

strongly agree that second-hand smoke carries health risks to non-smokers.

70% 18% 7% 3% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Unsure/dk

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Do you currently avoid restaurants, bars and/ or

ther places because of other people smoking or

because it is too smoky?

Yes 53% No 46% Unsure/dk 1%

The m ajority ( 5 3 % ) of Yorkton residents currently avoid restaurants, bars and/ or other places because of other people smoking or because it is too smoky.

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If the following places were 100% smoke free would you go more often, less often or about the same amount?

More often

Same Less often Don’t use

Restaurants

45%

42% 11%

2%

Bowling Alley

28%

31% 7%

34%

Bars & Lounges

26%

30% 12%

32%

Casino

24%

27% 9%

40%

Bingo Hall

16%

19% 6%

59%

The large majority (87% ) of Yorkton residents indicate they would visit restaurants the same or more often if they were 100% smoke free. The majority would visit bowling alleys (59% ), bars and lounges (56% ) and the casino (51% ) the same or more often if they were 100% smoke free.

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How supportive would you be of a local bylaw for the City of Yorkton that would make all enclosed public places 100% smoke free?

56% 19% 8% 17% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Strongly supportive Supportive Not very supportive Not at all supportive

Three quarters ( 7 5 % ) of Yorkton residents would be supportive of a

local bylaw that would make all enclosed public places 100% smoke free; the m ajority ( 5 6 % ) w ould be strongly supportive.

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Behaviour and Health Smoking

It has been established that

smoking is the “single most important preventable cause

f death”, responsible for up

to 45,000 deaths per year in Canada

The health of Canada’s communities. Retrieved On July 9, 2002 from www.statcan.ca/english/concepts/health

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Estimates of Yearly Smoking Mortality

Canada SK Sunrise Yorkton

Estimated population

30,000,000 1,000,000 60,000 17,000

Estimated deaths due to smoking

45,000 1,500

90

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Deaths due to ETS low estimate

1,000 33

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1

Deaths die to ETS high estimate

7,800 260

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ETS: ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE, SECOND HAND SMOKE

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Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Causally associated

Respiratory Effects

Acute lower respiratory tract infections in

children (e.g., bronchitis and pneumonia)

Asthma induction and exacerbation in

children

Chronic respiratory symptoms in children
Eye and nasal irritation in adults
Middle ear infections in children

Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

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Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Causally associated

Carcinogenic Effects

Lung Cancer
Nasal Sinus Cancer

Cardiovascular Effects

Heart disease mortality
Acute and chronic coronary heart disease

morbidity

Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

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Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Causally associated

Developmental Effects

Fetal Growth: Low birth weight or small for

gestational age

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

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Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Suggested evidence for causal association

Developmental Effects

Spontaneous abortion
Adverse impact on cognition and behavior

Respiratory Effects

Exacerbation of cystic fibrosis
Decreased pulmonary function

Carcinogenic Effects

Cervical cancer

Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

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P Y L L r a t e , a v e r a g e , S a s k a t c h e w a n a n d S u n r i s e R e g i o n a l H e a l t h A u t h o r i t y , 1 9 9 5 t o 1 9 9 9

1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 C a n c e r, e s o p h a g u s A c c i d e n ta l p o i s on i n g , a l c o h o l O t h e r C o n g e n i t a l a n o m a l i e s I n tr a c e r e b r a l a n d i n tr a c r a n i a l h a e m o r rh a g e C h r on i c L i v e r d i se a s e a n d c i rr h o s i s A l l o t h e r d i s e a s e s o f t h e u r i n a ry tr a c t H o m i c i d e C a n c e r , p a n c re a s C o l o n c a n c e r D i a b e t e s m e l l i tu s O th e r c a n c e r C a n c e r , l e u k a e m i a C a n c e r , a l l o th e r l y m p h a t i c a n d h e m a to p oi e ti c t i s s u e s B r e a s t c a n c e r O t h e r h e a rt d i s e a s e Is c h e a m i c h e a rt d i s e a s e S u i c i d e L u n g c a n c e r M o to r V e h i c l e T r a f fi c A c c i d e n t A c u te M y o c a rd i a l I n fa r c ti o n

Cause of death

R a t e p e r 1 0 0 ,0 0 0

S u n ri s e P r o v i n c i a l 73

Source: Saskatchewan Health 2001

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Chronic Disease High Blood Pressure

total 12 and over 35 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 75 and over

10 20 30 40 50

High Blood Pressure Prevalence

Canada Saskatchewan RHA # 5

The prevalence of

high blood pressure is significantly higher in Sunrise (19.1%) compared to Saskatchewan (12.6 %) and Canada (12.6%).

Canadian Community Health Survey. Retrieved on July 5, 2002 from www.statcan.ca

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High heart disease mortality in Sunrise Health Region

Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Canada. Can J Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Canada. Can J Cardiol Cardiol 2003;19(11):1241 2003;19(11):1241-

1248.

1248.

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Number of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors Per Health Region That Have a Prevalence Rate Greater Than the National Average, Canada 2000/01 http://www.ccort.ca/Maps.asp

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Smoking Attributable Mortality (SAM) rate for Cardiovascular Disease per 100,000 Population Aged 35 and Over, by Health Region, Canada, 2000/01.

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http://www.ccort.ca/Maps.asp

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Smoking Initiation

Smoking Initiation Saskatchewan Sunrise Health Region Total smoking initiation # of People 535,334 33,353 Age 5-11 years

% 10 6.7

Age 12-14 years

% 32.1

37.4

Age 15-19 years

% 45.5

47.2

Age 20 + years

% 10.2

13.2

Canadian Community Health Survey Retrieved on July 5, 2002 from www.statcan.ca

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Smokers are quitting

Current smokers Canada Saskatch- ewan Sunrise Health Region Total 21.5 23.3 24.1 Males 23.5 23.6 22.7 Females 19.4 23 25.4 Former Smokers Total 36.7 38.7 41.5 Males 39.6 42 47.8 Females 33.9 35.5 35.4

Canadian Community Health Retrieved on July 17, 2002 from www.statcan.ca

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Readiness to Quit Smoking by province, ages 15-24, Canada, 2001

Source: 2001 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey

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Children's Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Home

Households with children under age 12 where someone smokes regularly, by province, Canada, 1996/97 and 2001

Sources: 1996/97 National Population Health Survey and 2001 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey

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Saskatchewan smoking facts

Many 15 to 19 year olds who work do so in the service industry where they are exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Sources: CTUMS, Saskatchewan Health

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Sunrise Health Status

Residents of Sunrise Health

Region face significant challenges to health, partly attributable to “determinants of health” which includes smoking

Sunrise Health Region Health Status Report http://www.sunrisehealthregion.sk.ca/pdf/healthstatus02_behavior.pdf

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Overall Smoking Prevalence in Canada

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Males Females 1965 2001

Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 2004

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What happens when a non smoker goes into a smoke filled public place:

twenty minutes of exposure to secondhand

smoke causes a nonsmoker’s blood platelets to get sticky, which reduces the ability of the heart to pump, and puts a nonsmoker at a higher risk of a heart attack

(Glantz & Parmley, 2001).