Smoking and Health Dr Saqib Shahab Medical Health Officer 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Smoking and Health Dr Saqib Shahab Medical Health Officer 1

YORKTON SMOKE FREE PUBLIC PLACES COMMITTEE PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY SEPTEMBER 2003 2

Second-hand smoke carries health risks to non- smokers. 80% 70% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 18% 20% 7% 10% 3% 2% 0% Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Unsure/dk More than two-thirds ( 7 0 % ) of residents strongly agree that second-hand smoke carries health risks to non-smokers. 3

Do you currently avoid restaurants, bars and/ or other places because of other people smoking or because it is too smoky? Unsure/dk 1% No 46% Yes 53% The m ajority ( 5 3 % ) of Yorkton residents currently avoid restaurants, bars and/ or other places because of other people smoking or because it is too smoky. 4

If the following places were 100% smoke free would you go more often, less often or about the same amount? Same Less often Don’t use More often 45 % 42% 11% 2% Restaurants 28% 31% 7% 34% Bowling Alley 26% 30% 12% 32% Bars & Lounges 24% 27% 9% 40% Casino 16% 19% 6% 59% Bingo Hall The large majority (87% ) of Yorkton residents indicate they would visit restaurants the same or more often if they were 100% smoke free. The majority would visit bowling alleys (59% ), bars and lounges (56% ) and the casino (51% ) the same or more often if they were 100% smoke free. 5

How supportive would you be of a local bylaw for the City of Yorkton that would make all enclosed public places 100% smoke free? 56% 60% 50% 40% 30% 19% 17% 20% 8% 10% 0% Strongly supportive Supportive Not very supportive Not at all supportive Three quarters ( 7 5 % ) of Yorkton residents would be supportive of a • local bylaw that would make all enclosed public places 100% smoke free; the m ajority ( 5 6 % ) w ould be strongly supportive. 6

Behaviour and Health Smoking • It has been established that smoking is the “single most important preventable cause of death”, responsible for up to 45,000 deaths per year in Canada The health of Canada’s communities . Retrieved On July 9, 2002 from www.statcan.ca/english/concepts/health 7

Estimates of Yearly Smoking Mortality Canada SK Sunrise Yorkton Estimated population 30,000,000 1,000,000 60,000 17,000 Estimated deaths 26 90 due to smoking 45,000 1,500 Deaths due to ETS 1 2 low estimate 1,000 33 Deaths die to ETS 4 16 high estimate 7,800 260 8 ETS: ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE, SECOND HAND SMOKE

Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Causally associated Respiratory Effects • Acute lower respiratory tract infections in children (e.g., bronchitis and pneumonia) • Asthma induction and exacerbation in children • Chronic respiratory symptoms in children • Eye and nasal irritation in adults • Middle ear infections in children 9 Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Causally associated Carcinogenic Effects • Lung Cancer • Nasal Sinus Cancer Cardiovascular Effects • Heart disease mortality • Acute and chronic coronary heart disease morbidity 10 Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Causally associated Developmental Effects • Fetal Growth: Low birth weight or small for gestational age • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) 11 Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

Health Effects of Second Hand Smoke: Suggested evidence for causal association Developmental Effects • Spontaneous abortion • Adverse impact on cognition and behavior Respiratory Effects • Exacerbation of cystic fibrosis • Decreased pulmonary function Carcinogenic Effects • Cervical cancer 12 Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, 2001

P Y L L r a t e , a v e r a g e , S a s k a t c h e w a n a n d S u n r i s e R e g i o n a l H e a l t h A u t h o r i t y , 1 9 9 5 t o 1 9 9 9 A c u te M y o c a rd i a l I n fa r c ti o n M o to r V e h i c l e T r a f fi c A c c i d e n t L u n g c a n c e r S u i c i d e Is c h e a m i c h e a rt d i s e a s e O t h e r h e a rt d i s e a s e B r e a s t c a n c e r C a n c e r , a l l o th e r l y m p h a t i c a n d h e m a to p oi e ti c t i s s u e s C a n c e r , l e u k a e m i a Cause of death O th e r c a n c e r S u n ri s e 73 P r o v i n c i a l D i a b e t e s m e l l i tu s C o l o n c a n c e r C a n c e r , p a n c re a s H o m i c i d e A l l o t h e r d i s e a s e s o f t h e u r i n a ry tr a c t C h r on i c L i v e r d i se a s e a n d c i rr h o s i s I n tr a c e r e b r a l a n d i n tr a c r a n i a l h a e m o r rh a g e O t h e r C o n g e n i t a l a n o m a l i e s A c c i d e n ta l p o i s on i n g , a l c o h o l C a n c e r, e s o p h a g u s 13 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 R a t e p e r 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 Source: Saskatchewan Health 2001

Chronic Disease High Blood Pressure • The prevalence of High Blood Pressure Prevalence high blood pressure is 50 significantly higher in 40 30 Sunrise (19.1%) 20 10 compared to 0 75 and over 65 and over Saskatchewan (12.6 45 to 64 35 to 44 total 12 and over %) and Canada (12.6%). Canada Saskatchewan RHA # 5 Canadian Community Health Survey . Retrieved on July 5, 2002 from www.statcan.ca 14

High heart disease mortality in Sunrise Health Region 15 Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Canada. Can J Cardiol Cardiol 2003;19(11):1241 2003;19(11):1241- -1248. 1248. Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Canada. Can J

Number of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors Per Health Region That Have a Prevalence Rate Greater Than the National Average, Canada 2000/01 http://www.ccort.ca/Maps.asp 16

Smoking Attributable Mortality (SAM) rate for Cardiovascular Disease per 100,000 Population Aged 35 and Over, by Health Region, Canada, 2000/01. 17 http://www.ccort.ca/Maps.asp

Smoking Initiation Smoking Saskatchewan Sunrise Health Initiation Region Total smoking # of People 535,334 33,353 initiation Age 5-11 years % 10 6.7 Age 12-14 years % 32.1 37.4 Age 15-19 years % 45.5 47.2 Age 20 + years % 10.2 13.2 Canadian Community Health Survey Retrieved on July 5, 2002 from www.statcan.ca 18

Smokers are quitting Current Canada Saskatch- Sunrise smokers ewan Health Region Total 21.5 23.3 24.1 Males 23.5 23.6 22.7 Females 19.4 23 25.4 Former Smokers Total 36.7 38.7 41.5 Males 39.6 42 47.8 Females 33.9 35.5 35.4 19 Canadian Community Health Retrieved on July 17, 2002 from www.statcan.ca

Readiness to Quit Smoking by province, ages 15-24, Canada, 2001 20 Source: 2001 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey

Children's Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Home Households with children under age 12 where someone smokes regularly, by province, Canada, 1996/97 and 2001 21 Sources: 1996/97 National Population Health Survey and 2001 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey

Saskatchewan smoking facts Many 15 to 19 year olds who work do so in the service industry where they are exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Sources: CTUMS, Saskatchewan Health 22

Sunrise Health Status • Residents of Sunrise Health Region face significant challenges to health, partly attributable to “determinants of health” which includes smoking Sunrise Health Region Health Status Report 23 http://www.sunrisehealthregion.sk.ca/pdf/healthstatus02_behavior.pdf

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Overall Smoking Prevalence in Canada 70 60 50 40 1965 30 2001 20 10 0 Males Females 26 Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 2004

What happens when a non smoker goes into a smoke filled public place: • twenty minutes of exposure to secondhand smoke causes a nonsmoker’s blood platelets to get sticky, which reduces the ability of the heart to pump, and puts a nonsmoker at a higher risk of a heart attack (Glantz & Parmley, 2001). 27