SMART ULSS FORUM Electricity March , 2008 Patricia Hoffman - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
SMART ULSS FORUM Electricity March , 2008 Patricia Hoffman Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability U.S.
Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy – 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585
March , 2008
Patricia Hoffman Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability US Department of Energy
Physically
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Never holistically designed, grid developed incrementally in response to local load growth Today, there are:
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30,000 Transmission paths; over 180,000 miles of transmission line
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14,000 Transmission substations
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Distribution grid connects these substations with over 100 million loads, i.e. residential, industrial, and commercial customers
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Diverse industry w/o a common voice
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3,170 traditional electric utilities
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239 investor-owned, 2,009 publicly owned, 912 consumer-owned rural cooperatives, and 10 Federal electric utilities
Technically
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Electricity flows within three major interconnections along paths of lowest impedance (at the speed of light); yet the grid is operated in a decentralized manner by over 140 control areas
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Demand is uncontrolled; electricity is the ultimate “just-in-time” production process
Uniqueness
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Two things make electricity unique:
1.
Lack of flow control
2.
Lack of large-scale energy storage
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Change either of these and the grid delivery system will be transformed
− State Sited
Plug-in Hybrids
Password Guessing Self-Replicating Code Password Cracking Exploiting Known Vulnerabilities Disabling Audits Burglaries Hijacking Sessions Sweepers Sniffers Distributed Attack Tools Denial of Service GUI Packet Spoofing Network Management Diagnostics Automated Probes/Scans WWW Attacks “Stealth”/Advanced Scanning Techniques
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Intruder Knowledge
High Low
Back Doors Zombies BOTS Morphing Malicious Code
Attack Sophistication
Current cyber security initiatives for SCADA/PCS place industry defenses circa 1994, and thus empowers attackers with high-impact (easy) vectors Attacker sophistication has decreased due to proliferation of Easy-to-Use (automated) attack tools
War Dialing
Courtesy of Idaho National Laboratory
Industry Approach to Phasor Technology Research and Applications:
§Visualization §State Estimation §Mode
Monitoring
§Alarming §Real Time
Controls
GOAL
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FORENSIC ANALYSIS/ BASELINING APPLICATIONS INDUSTRY ADOPTION PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION VISUALIZATION FOR WIDE-AREA SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
Interconnection Blackouts
Blackout
§ TVA Super
PDC
§ IEEE 37.118 § NIST
SynchroLab
Dynamics Monitoring System
Operating Engineers Workstation
Static Angles in East
Stability Monitoring
§ Intelligent
Alarming
§ State
Estimation
§ Adaptive
Islanding
§ EIPP ->
NASPI
§ WECC
WAMTF
§ Research
Roadmap
Cleveland
Phasor Measurements, Real Time Wide-Area Situational Awareness, Visualization, Infrastructure Monitoring, Alarming, and Control
Common Wide- Area, Real Time Monitoring Platform – Standards Compliance, Key Metrics for Reliability Intelligent Alarms, Reports, and Event Analysis Situation Awareness Visualization Dashboards for NERC, DOE, and FERC
GOAL
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN WIDE-AREA MONITORING FORENSIC ANALYSIS COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION VISUAL- IZATION
Frequency Events on Eastern Interconnection
System Performance
Excursions
§ Wide-area
visualization infrastructure
time-series database
§ Wide-area
real time ACE-Frequency monitoring tool
performance for AGC and frequency response
§ Interchange
Error (AIE) Monitoring
Inadvertent Monitoring
§ Performance
standards research, validation, field trials
adequacy load- generation analysis and assessment
§ CPS-BAAL
monitoring and analysis
situational awareness for resource adequacy
Visualization, Compliance, Monitoring, Infrastructure, Real Time Wide-Area Standards Compliance and Situational Awareness
Layer 3 – Wide-Area Real Time Monitoring Applications – Risk, Probabilistic Based Real-Time ACE-Frequency, CPS-BAAL, AIE Monitoring Real-Time Suppliers Performance For AGC and FR Voltage Security Monitoring and Assessment Real Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) RESEARCH FOR FUTURE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS APPLICATIONS Layer 1 – Relational Memory Based Database with Time Series Capability Layer 1 - Data Communications .NET, COM+, OPC, Web Based and Data Conversion (API) Layer 4 – Wide-Area Visualization Solutions Geo-Graphic Multi-View Multi-Layer RESEARCH FOR HIGH LEVEL VISUAL SOLUTIONS Dashboards Long Term Archiving Database With PI -Type Tagging Characteristics for Historical Data Analysis and Assessment Layer 2 – Common Archiving, Event, Alarms and Logging Monitoring Services Real Time Intelligent Alarm, Event and Disturbance Processor and Services Real Time Data Quality and Performance Metrics Reporting and Notification Layer 3 – Wide-Area Real Time Monitoring Applications – Risk, Probabilistic Based Real-Time ACE-Frequency, CPS-BAAL, AIE Monitoring Real-Time Suppliers Performance For AGC and FR Voltage Security Monitoring and Assessment Real Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) RESEARCH FOR FUTURE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS APPLICATIONS Layer 1 – Relational Memory Based Database with Time Series Capability Layer 1 - Data Communications .NET, COM+, OPC, Web Based and Data Conversion (API) Layer 4 – Wide-Area Visualization Solutions Geo-Graphic Multi-View Multi-Layer RESEARCH FOR HIGH LEVEL VISUAL SOLUTIONS Dashboards Layer 4 – Wide-Area Visualization Solutions Geo-Graphic Multi-View Multi-Layer RESEARCH FOR HIGH LEVEL VISUAL SOLUTIONS Dashboards Long Term Archiving Database With PI -Type Tagging Characteristics for Historical Data Analysis and Assessment Layer 2 – Common Archiving, Event, Alarms and Logging Monitoring Services Real Time Intelligent Alarm, Event and Disturbance Processor and Services Real Time Data Quality and Performance Metrics Reporting and Notification Jan 2001 Apr 2001 Jul 2001 O ct 2001 Jan 2002 Apr 2002 Jul 2002 O ct 2002 Jan 2003 Apr 2003 Jul 2003 O ct 2003 Jan 2004 Apr 2004 Jul 2004 O ct 2004 Jan 2005 Apr 2005 Jul 2005 O ct 2005 Jan 2006 Apr 2006 Jul 2006 O ct 2006 Jan 2007 0 - 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 6 6 - 7 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15 - 16 16 - 17 17 - 18 18 - 19 19 - 20 20 - 21 21 - 22 22 - 23 23 - 24 COUNT OF FREQUENCY DISTURBANCES > 28 mHz BY MONTH, BY HOUR OF DAY 0-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28 28-32 Count of Events by Month