Small Mission Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) Michael J. Campola - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Small Mission Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) Michael J. Campola NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program

Acronyms RDM Radiation Design Margin COTS Commercial Off The Shelf RHA Radiation Hardness Assurance DD Displacement Damage SEB Single Event Burnout GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit SEDR Single Event Dielectric Rupture GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center SEE Single Event Effects LEO Low Earth Orbit SEFI Single Event Functional Interrupt LET Linear Energy Transfer SEGR Single Event Gate Rupture MBU Multi-Bit Upset SEL Single Event Latchup MCU Multi-Cell Upset SOA Safe Operating Area NEPP NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging TID Total Ionizing Dose To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and 2 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

NEPP - Small Mission Efforts SEE Reliability CubeSat Analysis COTS and Mission Non-Mil Data Success Analysis Best CubeSat Practices and Databases Guidelines Model-Based Reliable Mission Assurance Working Small (MBMA) Groups Missions • W NASA R&M Program * NASA Reliability & Maintainability To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and Small Mission RHA 3 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

Introduction o What constitutes a small mission? What is RHA? o Implementing RHA in small missions gives unique challenges » No longer able to employ risk avoidance » Design trades impact radiation risks, cost, and schedule » Difficulty bounding risks to the system o Useful risk practices and lessons » Risk identification and comparison » Categorizing risk based on manifestation at the system level CubeSat » Leverage RHA from previous missions Mission Success Analysis To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and 4 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

What Constitutes a Small Spacecraft/Mission? • Risk Acceptance • Not Small Goals • Partnerships o Mass < 180kg (Small Spacecraft Technology Program) o Universities o Can be any class mission! Not o Government Institutions necessarily small budget o Small Business Collaborations o Mission goals for small • CubeSat/SmallSat Subsystem spacecraft are growing as is the Vendors (cubesat.org) need for reliability To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and 5 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

Risk Acceptance • Mission Profiles Are Expanding • Profiles were based on mission life, objective, and cost • Oversight gives way to insight for lower class • Ground systems, do no harm, hosted payloads • Similarity and heritage data requirement widening • In some cases unbounded radiation risks are likely Credits: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Bill Hrybyk • Part Classifications Growing • Mil/Aero vs. Industrial vs. Medical • Automotive vs. Commercial • As a Result, Risk Types Have Increased and RHA is Necessary! To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and RHA: Challenges and New Considerations 6 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

Notional RHA Questions to Start • Radiation risks: What are we dealing with? What are the challenges? • How do similar systems/devices react in the space environment? • What can you do to bring down the risk of that interaction? • Need availability throughout the mission or at specific times? • What does changing the radiation environment look like to the system? To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and Small Mission RHA 7 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

RHA Challenges… Not So Small • New Technologies Increased COTS parts / subsystem usage - Device Topology / Speed / Power - Modeling the Physics of Failure - • Quantifying Risk Translation of system requirements into pass / fail - criteria Determining appropriate mitigation level (operational, - system, circuit/software, device, material, etc.) • Wide Range of Mission Profiles • Always in a dynamic environment To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and RHA: Challenges and New Considerations 8 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

RHA Definition and Overview RHA consists of all activities undertaken to ensure that the electronics and materials of a space system perform to their design specifications throughout exposure to the mission space environment (After Poivey) (After LaBel) To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and 9 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

RHA Flow Doesn’t Change With Accepted Risk • Define the Environment – External to the spacecraft • Evaluate the Environment – Internal to the spacecraft • Define the Requirements – Define criticality factors • Evaluate Design/Components – Existing data/Testing – Performance characteristics • “Engineer” with Designers – Parts replacement/Mitigation schemes • Iterate Process – Review parts list based on updated knowledge K.A. LaBel, A.H. Johnston, J.L. Barth, R.A. Reed, C.E. Barnes, “Emerging Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) issues: A NASA approach for space flight programs,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., pp. 2727-2736, Dec. 1998. To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and RHA: Challenges and New Considerations 10 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

Define and Evaluate the Hazard Environment Severity/Mission Lifetime • Define the Environment – External to the spacecraft Low Medium High • Evaluate the Environment Manageable Moderate Dose / High Dose / – Internal to the spacecraft Dose / High SEE impact to SEE impact to SEE impact to Evaluate RHA System Needs • Define the Requirements survivability or survivability or survivability or availability availability – Define criticality factors availability • Evaluate Design/Components Manageable Medium – Existing data/Testing Moderate Dose / High Dose / Dose / SEE needs SEE needs – Performance characteristics SEE needs mitigation mitigation mitigation • “Engineer” with Designers – Parts replacement/Mitigation schemes Manageable • Iterate Process Low Moderate Dose / High Dose / Dose / SEE do no harm SEE do no harm – Review parts list based on updated knowledge SEE do no harm To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and RHA: Challenges and New Considerations 11 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

Define and Evaluate the Hazard Same process for big or small missions, Calculate the Dose • • no short cuts Transport flux and fluence of • Know the contributions • particles Trapped particles (p+, e-) • Consider different conditions or • Solar protons, cycle, events • phases of the mission separately Galactic Cosmic Rays • Free-Field Internal Environment Shielding Environment Definition Definition System Sub-system Parts Known Hazard To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and Small Mission RHA 12 12 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017

Summary of Environmental Hazards Solar Particles Contaminates Long Lifetime Cosmic Rays Temperature (>10 years) (charging) (Dust, etc) Electrons Exposure Repeated Planetary Presence Trapped Trapped Extreme Protons Nuclear Plasma Launch Human GEO Yes No Severe Yes Yes No Yes No No No No LEO (low- Not No Yes Moderate No No No No No No No incl) usual Not LEO Polar No Yes Moderate Yes Yes No No No No No usual International Yes - No Yes Moderate Minimal Yes Yes No Yes No No Space Station partial During During During phasing phasing phasing orbits; orbits; orbits; Interplanetary Yes Yes No Yes Maybe No Yes Maybe Possible Possible Possible Other Other Other Planet Planet Planet Exploration – During During Phasing Lunar, Mars, phasing phasing Yes Yes Possibly Yes Maybe No Yes Yes orbits Jupiter orbits orbits https://radhome.gsfc.nasa.gov/radhome/papers/SSPVSE05_LaBel.pdf To be presented by M. J. Campola at the NASA Electrical Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Electrical, Electronic, and RHA: Challenges and New Considerations 13 Electromechanical (EEE) Parts for Electronics and Technology Workshop (ETW) June 2017