SKARAB2 AUGUST 2017 Francois Kapp (and the DBE team, particularly Adam and Jason) (also using a few SKAO slides) www.ska.ac.za
SKA– Key Science Drivers: The history of the Universe Cosmic Dawn T esting General Relativity (First Stars and Galaxies) (Strong Regime, Gravitational Waves) Galaxy Evolution (Normal Galaxies z~2-3) Cradle of Life (Planets, Molecules, SETI) Cosmology (Dark Energy, Large Scale Structure) Cosmic Magnetism (Origin, Evolution) Exploration of the Unknown Broadest range of science of any facility, worldwide Image and text by SKA Organisati
Square Kilometre Array Overview ● 3 sites: 2 telescopes + HQ = 1 Observatory ● Now in design Phase: ~ €200M; 600 scientists + engineers ● Phase 1 • Construction: 2019 – 2024 • Construction cost cap: €674.1M (infmation-adjusted) • Operations planning now underway • MeerKat integrated • Observatory Development Programme • SKA Regional centres (locally funded) ● Phase 2: start mid-2020s • Advanced Instrumentation Program to mature relevant technologies now • ~2000 dishes across 3500km of Southern Africa • Major expansion of SKA1-Low across Western Australia www.ska.ac.z a
SKA HQ in UK
SKA telescopes in AUS & RSA • SKA1-LOW • SKA1-Mid: • 50 – 350 MHz • 350 MHz – 24 GHz • Phase 1: ~130,000 antennas • Phase 1: 130 15-m dishes • across 40 - 50km across 120km • Integration of 64 dish MeerKAT to complete phase 1 array
SKA Low prototype
Space for SKA
SKA Mid prototype: Foundations
SKA Mid prototype: Panel molds Picture: CETC54
SKA Consortia • Consortia are performing element designs ● SKAO is the central design authority ● For SKA 1: • Dish – The physical dishes, feeds and digitisation • SaDT – Signal and Data T ransport (Included Synchronisation and Timing) • CSP – Central Signal Processing (Correlator, Beamformers and Non-imaging processing) • SDP – Science Data Processing • INFRA SA • INFRA AUS • LFAA – Low Frequency Aperture Array • TM – T elescope Manager • AIV – Assembly, Integration and Verifjcation ● FOR the Advanced Instrumentation Program (SKA 2): • MFAA • WBSPF • PAF www.ska.ac.z a
SKA: What is next? • “CDR T omorrow” ● Now preparing for the element and system Critical Design Reviews ● Starting this year and extending through 2018 ● Creation of a new Inter-governmental Organisation (IGO) ● Plan is to have agreements for the IGO in place this year ● Followed by ratifjcation in each member country ● IGO comes into force early 2019 ● Construction phase begins www.ska.ac.z a
From Alistair McPherson’s presentation at the SKA Engineering Meeting 2017 (and 2016) “Gentlemen, we have run out of money . It's time to start thinking.” ― Ernest Rutherford 1 3
SKA1 construction provisional totals – Phil Diamond SKAO E l e me n t E s t i ma t e ( M E s t i ma t e ( M C h a n g e % C h a n g e R e a s o n E u r o i n c l . E u r o i n c l . c o n t i n g e n c y ) c o n t i n g e n c y ) - F e b 2 0 1 7 - J u n 2 0 1 7 A I V 3 2 . 8 3 4 . 3 1 . 6 5 P r o d u c t A s s u r a n c e a n d A d m i n f u n c t i o n s i n c r e a s e d p e r C o s t R e v i e w C S P 1 2 5 . 9 1 1 0 . 1 - 1 5 . 8 - 1 3 F r e q u e n c y s l i c e a r c h i t e c t u r e f o r M i d . C B F a d o p t e d ( E C P - 1 7 0 0 1 7 i n t r a n s i t ) D S H 1 7 3 . 7 1 7 3 . 2 - 0 . 5 0 €917M €806M I N A U 9 6 . 0 9 4 . 1 - 1 . 9 - 2 I N S A 6 7 . 9 6 8 . 4 0 . 5 1 L F A A 1 0 7 . 9 1 1 1 . 7 3 . 8 4 S h i p p i n g c o s t s i n c l u d e d p e r C o s t R e v i e w S a D T 6 6 . 7 5 7 . 1 - 9 . 6 - 1 4 U p d a t e d v e n d o r q u o t e s ; s o m e r e - u s e o f M e e r K A T t i m e s c a l e ; r e d u c e d c o m p o n e n t c o s t s ; r e fj n e d s o f t w a r e l a b o u r c o s t s S D P 1 1 4 . 5 1 1 4 . 5 0 . 0 0 T M 4 3 . 7 4 3 . 0 - 0 . 6 - 1 Footer text T o t a l s 8 2 9 . 0 8 0 6 . 4 - 2 2 . 6 - 3
Updated CCP list (page 1/2) LOW / W S / Descript ion Science M ID / Science Implication Origin Impact COMM ON INFRA_SA Renew able energy t o out er dishes M ID None 1 5 .3 9 M axim ise use of code produced during Pre-Const ruct ion COM M ON None 1 5 .3 5 .3 8 Sim plify DDBH LOW LOW None 1 5 .3 8 Sim plify DDBH M ID M ID None 1 Likely none, or sm all reduct ion of pulsar 5 .2 5 .2 Reduce PSS-M ID: A, 7 5 0 nodes t o 5 0 0 nodes M ID 1 search param et er space. Reduce PSS-LOW : A, 2 5 0 nodes t o 1 6 7 nodes Likely none, or sm all reduct ion of pulsar 5 .2 5 .2 LOW 1 search param et er space. Reduce CBF-M ID: Freq. Slice variant of CSP design vs. M eerKAT-based design M ID None 1 5 .3 5 5 .1 9 M ID Frequency and Tim ing Standard: SaDT solution vs. M eerKAT-based solut ion M ID None 1 M ID SPF Digit isers: DSH solut ion vs. M eerKAT-based solution M ID None 1 5 .3 6 5 .2 6/ LOW RPF: Early Digit al Beam Form at ion vs. Analogue Beam Form at ion LOW None 1 5 .2 9 None of t he current designs m eet the L1 2 LOW Ant enna: Log Periodic Design vs. Dipole Design LOW 3 requirem ents Low er allow ed dut y cycle for HPC- 8 SDP- HPC: Deploy 2 0 0 Pflops (rat her t han 2 60 Pflops) COM M ON 2 int ensive observat ions. Reduct ion of m axim um achievable resolut ion by 2 0 %, although can be Reduce Bm ax M ID from 1 5 0 t o 1 2 0 km : Case A, rem ove 3 dishes, but keep infra t o 1 5 0 km M ID 2 5 .2 4 .3 part ially recovered w it h dat a w eighting and longer int egrat ion tim es. Reduct ion of m axim um achievable resolut ion by 2 0 %, although can be 5 .2 4 .2 Reduce Bm ax M ID from 1 5 0 t o 1 2 0 km : Case B, rem ove infra, but add dishes t o core M ID 2 part ially recovered w it h dat a w eighting and longer int egrat ion tim es. Reduct ion of m axim um achievable resolut ion by 2 0 %, although can be 5 .2 4 .1 Reduce Bm ax M ID from 1 5 0 t o 1 2 0 km : Case C, rem ove infra, rem ove dishes M ID 2 part ially recovered w it h dat a w eighting and longer int egrat ion tim es. Placem ent to be det erm ined based on full Reduce M ID Band 5 feeds: A, from 1 3 0 to 6 7 M ID 2 5 .5 .2 com m unit y consultat ion. Likely reduct ion in processed PSS beam 5 .2 5 .2 Reduce PSS-LOW : B, 1 6 7 nodes t o 1 2 5 nodes LOW num ber (1 .3 x) or pulsar search param et er 2 space Likely reduct ion in processed PSS beam 5 .2 5 .2 Reduce PSS-M ID: B, 5 0 0 nodes t o 3 7 5 nodes M ID num ber (1 .3 x) or pulsar search param et er 2 space
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