Shaping Higher Education 50 Years after Robbins: what views to the - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LSE Lionel Robbins Conference public discussion, in association with the LSE Institute of Public Affairs Shaping Higher Education 50 Years after Robbins: what views to the future? David Willetts MP Dr Bahram Bekhradnia Minister for Universities & Science Director, Higher Education Policy Institute Rajay Naik Professor Craig Calhoun Chair, LSE Director of Government and External Affairs, Open University Suggested hashtag for Twitter users: #LSERobbins This event is supported by the LSE Annual Fund

ROBBINS REVISITED Bigger and Better Higher Education Rt Hon. David Willetts MP

3 Robbins Terms of Reference “to review the pattern of full ‐ time higher education in Great Britain and in the light of national needs and resources to advise Her Majesty’s Government on what principles its long ‐ term development should be based. In particular, to advise, in the light of these principles, whether there should be any changes in that pattern, whether any new types of institution are desirable and whether any modifications should be made in the present arrangements for planning and co ‐ ordinating the development of the various types of institution.”

4 How Higher Education actually grew 1,800,000 Willetts: 1.78m by 2011/12 Postgraduate 1,600,000 Undergraduate 1,400,000 Full-time HE Enrolments (Universities and other institution types) 535k enrolments from all domiciles by 1980/81 1,200,000 1,000,000 496k enrolments from all domiciles by 1973/74 800,000 600,000 Robbins: 558k by 1980/81 Robbins: 392k by 1973/74 400,000 Robbins: 216k in 1962/63 200,000 0 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Year

18 ‐ 20 year ‐ old population Demography: 18-20 year olds 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,400,000 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 8 5 2 0 1 9 2 the peak in 2011 0 14% lower than 2 0 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 3 2 0 2 4 2 0 2 5 2 0 2 6 2 0 2 7 2 0 2 8 2 0 2 9 2 0 3 0 2 0 26% higher than 3 1 2 0 3 in 2021 2 2 0 3 3 2 0 3 4 2 0 3 5

6 English 18 year old entry rates are at record levels 35% 30% 25% non-final UCAS figures 18 year old entry rate for 2013 show the entry rate stood at 30% on 20% August 30th 15% 10% 5% 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

7 The different possible projections Possible future English entrant numbers 700,000 620,000 600,000 500,000 460,000 410,000 400,000 368,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 actual entrants demographic trends demographic trends and unmet all groups having the same demand entry rate as the most advantaged 2011 Possible entrants in 2035

8 Benefits associated with HE participation Society ‐ Greater social cohesion ‐ Increased tax revenues ‐ Higher levels of tolerance (e.g. towards ‐ Faster economic growth migrants) ‐ Greater labour market flexibility ‐ Lower propensity to commit crime ‐ Increased productivity of co ‐ workers ‐ Political stability ‐ Reduced burden on public finances from better ‐ Greater social mobility co ‐ ordination between HE policy and other social policy areas such as health and crime prevention . ‐ Social capital Non-market Market ‐ Greater propensity to vote ‐ Less exposure to unemployment ‐ Greater propensity to volunteer and participate ‐ Higher earnings in public debates ‐ Increased productivity ‐ Greater propensity to trust and tolerate others ‐ Lower propensity to commit (non ‐ violent) crime ‐ Longer life expectancy ‐ Less likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours (e.g. heavy drinking, smoking) ‐ More likely to engage in preventative care / healthy behaviours (e.g. exercise, health screenings) ‐ Less likelihood of obesity ‐ More likely to cope with distress Individual ‐ More leisure time

9 Economic benefits of HE: public and private returns Estimated Graduate Earnings Premium £350,000 Source: Ian Walker and Yu Zhu, £315,000 The Impact of university degrees on the lifecycle of earnings, 2013 £300,000 £260,000 £252,000 £250,000 £200,000 £168,000 £150,000 £100,000 £50,000 £0 Men Women Men Women Benefits to the individual Benefits to the Exchequer

10 Contact hours then and now Average hours of teaching per week received by full ‐ time students ‐ Great Britain ‐ Spring Term, 1961/62 Average contact hours per week for full ‐ time students ‐ UK ‐ Spring Term 2012/13 Discussion periods attended by Teaching session attended by: Other teaching More than 100 16 ‐ 50 students 5 ‐ 9 students 1 ‐ 4 students All teaching 6 ‐ 15 students 10 or more 1 ‐ 5 students Practicals Total hours students Lectures students students 51 ‐ 100 University group University type Oxford & Cambridge 6.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 2.4 0.3 11.0 Russell Group 3.4 2.3 3.1 2.5 1.6 12.9 London 7.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 5.2 0.7 15.7 Pre ‐ 92 2.2 2.3 3.7 2.4 0.9 11.6 Large Civic 8.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 5.4 0.7 15.8 Post ‐ 92 Smaller civic 7.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 3.1 0.4 12.9 1.3 1.7 4.7 3.1 1.0 11.8 Wales 8.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 5.2 0.4 15.5 Specialist 1.4 1.5 5.2 3.3 2.7 14.0 Scotland 9.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.5 0.6 17.0 All students 2.0 2.0 4.1 2.8 1.2 12.2 All undergraduates 8.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 4.6 0.5 14.8

11 Views on teaching then and now Undergraduates wanting more of this type of teaching: What would improve the quality of teaching and Robbins 1963 learning experience at your university? NUS 2012 More interactive group 50% Tutorials 47% teaching sessions/tutorials More individual teaching 43% sessions/tutorials 32% Seminars More contact time 42% w ith personal tutor Written class 12% exercises Lecturers/tutors w ith 35% better teaching skills 12% Field periods Additional support such 26% as study skills training 8% Lectures 26% More lectures Availability of facilities 6% Practicals 24% for practical w ork 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% % wanting more % wanting more

12 Teaching contact in the Key Information Set Unistats screenshot for BSc (Hons) in Physiotherapy at University of Birmingham

13 Time spent on teaching then and now Teaching:Research split based on survey data and expenditure data sourced from TRAC Teaching Research 100% 11% 90% 80% 45% 57% 70% 61% 60% 50% 89% 40% 30% 55% 43% 20% 39% 10% 0% Robbins survey HEIs in Robbins Post-Robbins Universities ex-PCFC Polytechnics & general colleges 1962 2011 ‐ 12

14 Funding Higher Education Estimated average public cost for new system students in 2014/15 Total: £4,200 £1,700 £600 1 £6,500 RAB charge on fee & maintenance loans maintenance grant teaching grant £0 £1,000 £2,000 £3,000 £4,000 £5,000 £6,000 £7,000

LSE Lionel Robbins Conference public discussion, in association with the LSE Institute of Public Affairs Shaping Higher Education 50 Years after Robbins: what views to the future? David Willetts MP Dr Bahram Bekhradnia Minister for Universities & Science Director, Higher Education Policy Institute Rajay Naik Professor Craig Calhoun Chair, LSE Director of Government and External Affairs, Open University Suggested hashtag for Twitter users: #LSERobbins This event is supported by the LSE Annual Fund