Shaping Higher Education 50 Years after Robbins: what views to the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶

Nov 24, 2023 217 likes •371 views

LSE Lionel Robbins Conference public discussion, in association with the LSE Institute of Public Affairs Shaping Higher Education 50 Years after Robbins: what views to the future? David Willetts MP Dr Bahram Bekhradnia Minister for

SLIDE 1

Shaping Higher Education 50 Years after Robbins: what views to the future?

Dr Bahram Bekhradnia

Director, Higher Education Policy Institute

LSE Lionel Robbins Conference public discussion, in association with the LSE Institute of Public Affairs

Suggested hashtag for Twitter users: #LSERobbins

David Willetts MP

Minister for Universities & Science

Rajay Naik

Director of Government and External Affairs, Open University

Professor Craig Calhoun

Chair, LSE

This event is supported by the LSE Annual Fund

SLIDE 2

ROBBINS REVISITED

Bigger and Better Higher Education Rt Hon. David Willetts MP

SLIDE 3

Robbins Terms of Reference

“to review the pattern of full‐time higher education in Great Britain and in the light of national needs and resources to advise Her Majesty’s Government on what principles its long‐term development should be

based. In particular, to advise, in the light of these

principles, whether there should be any changes in that pattern, whether any new types of institution are desirable and whether any modifications should be made in the present arrangements for planning and co‐ordinating the development of the various types of institution.”

SLIDE 4

How Higher Education actually grew

200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000

1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Year Full-time HE Enrolments

(Universities and other institution types)

Postgraduate Undergraduate

Robbins: 558k by 1980/81 Robbins: 392k by 1973/74 Robbins: 216k in 1962/63 Willetts: 1.78m by 2011/12

496k enrolments from all domiciles by 1973/74 535k enrolments from all domiciles by 1980/81

SLIDE 5

Demography: 18-20 year olds

1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 2,200,000 2,400,000 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 5 2 1 6 2 1 7 2 1 8 2 1 9 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 2 2 6 2 2 7 2 2 8 2 2 9 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 5

18‐20 year‐old population

14% lower than the peak in 2011 26% higher than in 2021

SLIDE 6

English 18 year old entry rates are at record levels

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 18 year old entry rate

non-final UCAS figures for 2013 show the entry rate stood at 30% on August 30th

SLIDE 7

The different possible projections

Possible future English entrant numbers

368,000 410,000 460,000 620,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 actual entrants demographic trends demographic trends and unmet demand all groups having the same entry rate as the most advantaged

2011 Possible entrants in 2035

SLIDE 8

Benefits associated with HE participation

‐ Greater social cohesion ‐ Higher levels of tolerance (e.g. towards migrants) ‐ Lower propensity to commit crime ‐ Political stability ‐ Greater social mobility ‐ Social capital

Society Individual Market Non-market

‐ Greater propensity to vote

‐ Greater propensity to volunteer and participate in public debates ‐ Greater propensity to trust and tolerate others ‐ Lower propensity to commit (non‐violent) crime ‐ Longer life expectancy ‐ Less likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours (e.g. heavy drinking, smoking) ‐ More likely to engage in preventative care / healthy behaviours (e.g. exercise, health screenings) ‐ Less likelihood of obesity ‐ More likely to cope with distress ‐ More leisure time ‐ Increased tax revenues ‐ Faster economic growth ‐ Greater labour market flexibility ‐ Increased productivity of co‐workers ‐ Reduced burden on public finances from better co‐ordination between HE policy and other social policy areas such as health and crime prevention ‐ Less exposure to unemployment ‐ Higher earnings ‐ Increased productivity

SLIDE 9

Economic benefits of HE: public and private returns

Estimated Graduate Earnings Premium

£168,000 £252,000 £260,000 £315,000 £0 £50,000 £100,000 £150,000 £200,000 £250,000 £300,000 £350,000 Men Women Men Women Benefits to the individual Benefits to the Exchequer Source: Ian Walker and Yu Zhu, The Impact of university degrees

n the lifecycle of earnings, 2013

SLIDE 10

Contact hours then and now

Lectures 10 or more students 5‐9 students 1‐4 students Practicals Other teaching All teaching University group Oxford & Cambridge 6.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 2.4 0.3 11.0 London 7.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 5.2 0.7 15.7 Large Civic 8.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 5.4 0.7 15.8 Smaller civic 7.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 3.1 0.4 12.9 Wales 8.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 5.2 0.4 15.5 Scotland 9.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 5.5 0.6 17.0 All undergraduates 8.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 4.6 0.5 14.8 Average hours of teaching per week received by full‐time students ‐ Great Britain ‐ Spring Term, 1961/62 Discussion periods attended by More than 100 students 51‐100 students 16‐50 students 6‐15 students 1‐5 students 3.4 2.3 3.1 2.5 1.6 12.9 2.2 2.3 3.7 2.4 0.9 11.6 1.3 1.7 4.7 3.1 1.0 11.8 1.4 1.5 5.2 3.3 2.7 14.0 2.0 2.0 4.1 2.8 1.2 12.2 Average contact hours per week for full‐time students ‐ UK ‐ Spring Term 2012/13 Teaching session attended by: Russell Group Pre‐92 Total hours All students Post‐92 Specialist University type

SLIDE 11

Views on teaching then and now

Undergraduates wanting more of this type of teaching: Robbins 1963 6% 8% 12% 12% 32% 47% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Practicals Lectures Field periods Written class exercises Seminars Tutorials

% wanting more What would improve the quality of teaching and learning experience at your university? NUS 2012 24% 26% 26% 35% 42% 43% 50% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Availability of facilities for practical w ork More lectures Additional support such as study skills training Lecturers/tutors w ith better teaching skills More contact time w ith personal tutor More individual teaching sessions/tutorials More interactive group teaching sessions/tutorials

% wanting more

SLIDE 12

Teaching contact in the Key Information Set

Unistats screenshot for BSc (Hons) in Physiotherapy at University of Birmingham

SLIDE 13

Time spent on teaching then and now

Teaching:Research split based on survey data and expenditure data sourced from TRAC

55% 39% 43% 89% 45% 61% 57% 11% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Robbins survey HEIs in Robbins Post-Robbins Universities ex-PCFC Polytechnics & general colleges Teaching Research

1962 2011‐12

SLIDE 14

Funding Higher Education

Estimated average public cost for new system students in 2014/15

£4,200 £1,700 £600

£0 £1,000 £2,000 £3,000 £4,000 £5,000 £6,000 £7,000

RAB charge on fee & maintenance loans maintenance grant teaching grant

Total: £6,500

SLIDE 15