Session 1: A Window to Your DPV Future Hawaii Experience Grid - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Session 1 - Hawaii DPV Experience | Asia EDGE Power Sector Learning Series | 1

Session 1: A Window to Your DPV Future

Hawaii Experience

Leon R. Roose, Esq.

Principal & Chief Technologist, GridSTART

Asia Edge Power Sector Learning Series

A PRACTITIONER'S GUIDE TO IMPLEMENTING SOLAR ROOFTOP PROGRAMS

AND NAVIGATING NET

• METERING POLICIES

July 9, 2020 9:00AM ICT (via Webinar)

Grid System Technologies Advanced Research Team Hawaii Natural Energy Institute School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa 1680 East-West Road, POST 109 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822

Marc M. Matsuura, PE

• Sr. Smart Grid Program Manager, GridSTART

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Hawaii’s isolation has long posed a serious Challenge

• 2

Threa eat to Hawaii’s:

• Secu

curity ty

• Env

nvironme nment

• Econ
• nomy
• my

100% % of the crude de oil for the State is importe ted In 2008, 8, near arly ly 90% of Hawaii’s energy gy was met using g foss ssil il fuels ls

Hawaii ranks #1 in U.S. electric energy costs:

47.1 cents/kWh Molokai 45.9 cents/kWh Lanai 41.9 cents/kWh Hawaii 37.8 cents/kWh Maui 35.5 cents/kWh Oahu

(Avg. residential rates for 2014)

11 - 12 cents/kWh U.S. avg.

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Hawaii’s Progressive Clean Energy Policy Leadership

Highest RPS Target in the United States

100% by 2045

(2015 - 15%; 2020 - 30%, 2030 – 40%, 2040 – 70%)

Key implementing policies:

• Tax incentives
• Net metering
• Feed in tariffs
• Decoupling

Strong Hawaii Policies

Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI)

The State of Hawaii, US DOE, and local utility launched HCEI in January 2008 to transform Hawaii to a 70% clean energy economy by 2030:

• Increasing Hawaii’s economic and energy security
• Fostering and demonstrating Hawaii’s innovation
• Developing Hawaii’s workforce of the future
• Becoming a clean energy model for the U.S. and the world

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Progress Toward A Clean Energy Future

Hawaiian Electric Companies

Source: Hawaiian Electric Sustainability Report 2019-2020

Hawaii RPS Goals

2015 - 15% 2020 - 30% 2030 - 40% 2040 - 70% 2045 - 100%

Loss of Geothermal Production (May 2018)

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Installed PV Capacity - HECO Companies

(2005 to 2019)

½ System Peak Load ~ 60% of total RE production

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Hawaii Electric Systems –

4 Electric Utilities; 6 Separate Grids; % Renewable Energy

Oʻahu Molokaʻi Maui Hawaiʻi Lanaʻi 77% 60% 100% 67%

Renewable Energy Peak Daily Production in 2019

(e.g. occurred on 11/28/19)

Kauaʻi Island Utility Cooperative (2019 Yr.-end)

System Peak: 78 MW 100 MW PV* / 7 MW Biomass / 9 MW Hydro Installed PV: 128% of Sys. Peak

Maui Electric (2019 Yr.-end)

Maui System Peak: 206 MW 119 MW PV* / 72 MW Wind Installed PV & Wind: 95% of Sys. Peak Lana’i System Peak: 5.1 MW 3.8 MW PV (75% of Sys. Peak) Moloka’i System Peak: 5.6 MW 2.3 MW PV* (41% of Sys. Peak)

Hawaiian Electric (2019 Yr.-end)

System Peak: 1,216 MW 674 MW PV* / 99 MW Wind* / 69 MW WTE / 168 MW Biofuel Installed PV & Wind: 64% of Sys. Peak

Hawaii Electric Light (2019 Yr.-end)

System Peak: 191 MW 103 MW PV* / 31 MW Wind / 38 MW Geothermal* / 17 MW Hydro Installed PV & Wind: 70% of Sys. Peak Kaua’i

80% of state population

*24 MW Wind (in construction) 5 MW PV (Approved) 3.5 MW PV (Approved) 12.5 MW PV + 50 MWh BESS (Approved) 52 MW PV + 208 MWh BESS (Approved) 39 MW PV + 156 MWh BESS (Approved) 36 MW PV + 144 MWh BESS (Approved) Maui (Approved) *60 MW PV + 240 MWh BESS 1 MW PV 0.735 MW PV Moloka’i (Approved) *2.3 MW PV + 15 MWh BESS *1 MW PV (in construction) 2 x 30 MW PV + 120 MWh BESS (Approved) Geothermal Plant not in operation due to volcanic eruption

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How Much DG PV can we Connect on a Feeder?

• Many lessons already learned – leverage it
• PV inverters have matured
• Grid Codes are key
• Reverse Power Flow is the new normal

Embrace it!

A Lot!

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*DML = Net min load (metered) + 75% of installed PV capacity

• 15% of circuit Peak Load

– Historical utility “Rule-of-Thumb” for synchronous generation

• In the past, utilities only tracked

circuit peaks for planning

Pre-2013, in the early days of rooftop PV ….

Evolution of Hosting Capacity “Limits”

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• 120% of DML

– Dynamics modeling and lab tests revealed higher than acceptable transient

• ver voltages (TOV) may occur when PV penetration exceeds 120% of DML

– A TOV solution with inverter manufacturers was sought

Circuit Hosting “Limits” Began Quickly Rising

• 50%, 75%, 100% of circuit Daily Minimum Load (DML)

– Utility established a new feeder penetration metric: % of DML – Study results gave the utility confidence to raise (conservatively) their PV hosting limits system wide across all circuits without conducting expensive/lengthy project specific interconnection requirements studies

In 2012-13, a series of “representative studies” were conducted using detailed distribution circuit models ….

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• 250% of DML

– But, inverters must disconnect from the grid within 1-cycle (16 ms) if it detects that its terminal voltage has reached 120%

• f its nominal voltage.

– TOV inverter performance requirement added to Grid Code

PV Hosting Limit Doubled with TOV Solved

In 2014, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) lab testing of inverters determined the TOV concern was solvable ….

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Beyond the 250% DML Hosting Limit

– Based on steady-state power flows (equipment thermal and line voltage limits) and flicker limits. – Emergency circuit configurations are assessed. – Substation transformer load tap changer settings are reviewed.

In 2015, individual circuit by circuit modeling of the distribution grid was performed to determine feeder specific Hosting Capacity on the Hawaii power grids ….

• Individual Circuit Hosting Capacity Limits

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Circuit Level PV Hosting Capacity

• Circuit level analysis is

important for distributed resource integration

• Proper Grid Codes are

essential to achieve high penetration of distributed resources

• Advanced inverter

capability is critical

• Distributed PV circuit

penetration several times served load may be achieved

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Maui Distributed PV Circuit Penetrations

DG PV capacity = 58% peak load 19.7% Energy Wind capacity = 35% peak load 21% Energy Reverse power flow exists on the majority of circuits today

Maui Electric (2019 Yr.-end)

Maui System Peak: 206 MW 119 MW PV / 72 MW Wind Installed PV & Wind: 95% of Sys. Peak

PV penetration on some circuits exceed 300% DML

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For more information, contact:

Leon R. Roose, Esq.

Principal & Chief Technologist GridSTART Hawaii Natural Energy Institute School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa 1680 East-West Road, POST 109 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Office: (808) 956-2331 Mobile: (808) 554-9891 E-mail: lroose@hawaii.edu Website: www.hnei.hawaii.edu

Grid System Technologies Advanced Research Team

Mahalo!

(Thank you)