Sergei Popov Oleg Baldynov “Green Energy & Smart Grid” July 29 – August 2, 2018
Th e purpose is to provide a snapshot of Japan’s “hard approach” toward H 2 energy system’s development Outline ① Why Japan? ② How is this institutionalised? ③ What’s happening now? ④ Implications
1. Why Japan? World’s energy trading Energy security, in 2016, Mtoe import dependency in 2016
1. Energy security Share of energy import for major economies in East Asia (2016)
2. Plan to introduce H 2 Japan’s government and industry have jointly decided to implement a Hydrogen Society plan , starting in 2015, with completion by or beyond 2040.
2. MAJOR ACTORS The main stakeholders within the process of the Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure development in Japan are the state, represented by the governments of the national, prefectural and municipal levels, large industrial companies, financial corporations . The National Government is concerned on general administration and organisation of the comprehensive R&D process. There are several institutions under the umbrella on the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organisation (NEDO), in which business is involved at voluntary basis to deal with all aspects of the hydrogen energy technological chain. For the 2015-2020 planning term there are three major themes: Technology Development for the Realization of Hydrogen Society Technology Development for Large-Scale Hydrogen Systems Demonstration of the Hydrogen Supply Chain by Organic Chemical Hydride Method Utilizing Unused Energy
3. Energy end-use: buildings National Target to 2030: 5.3 mln units for 52 households The METI states the price of a “polymer electrolyte fuel cell” should be reduced from subsidised ¥ 1.42 million (2016) to ¥800,000 by 2019 ( ~10 680 $/kW) , and of a solid fuel cell from ¥1.77m to ¥1m by 2021 ( ~20 000 $/kW) . For market prices below the reference price, the rate of subsidy will go down to approximately 5%. (METI, feb 2018)
3. Energy end-use: buildings Without subsidies, an Ene-Farm sells for about $19,500. With combined subsidies from the central and Tokyo governments, it can be purchased for around 1.4 million yen (~$13,600; subsidies cover 30 percent of the price ). 21 May, 2013 Nedo, Japan, showed their first CHP fuel cell systems in Hannover, Germany, in 2008
3. Energy end-use: transportation Tokyo Governor Koike Yuriko takes a test ride on one of two new fuel cell buses on March 6, 2017. The metropolitan government looks to introduce more than 100 fuel cell buses as part of its aim to realize a “hydrogen society” by 2020 . https://www.nippon.com/en/jip/p00016/ Toyota FCV Mirai Full-Scale Operations Begin for Showcase Project to Supply Wind Power-Generated, Low- Carbon Hydrogen to Fuel Cell Forklifts In Yokohama and Seven-Eleven Japan Co. twin-rotor Kawasaki area. introduce compact fuel-cell wankel rotary 12 Jul, 2017 trucks for product deliveries in engine from the Tokyo metropolitan area. Mazda June 6, 2018
3. Hydrogen supply chain ( LH 2 - 253ºC ) H 2 delivery by liquefaction A hydrogen liquefaction system Large liquefied Liquefied hydrogen hydrogen carrier storage tank Small liquefied Liquefied hydrogen hydrogen carrier container Kawasaki
3. Hydrogen supply chain (chemically bonded) 10,000 hours (April 2013 to November 2014), demonstration plant. H 2 + heat Has been confirmed that methylcyclohexane delivery by (MCH) can be hydrogenated with toluene using chemicals with yields of over 99%, while hydrogen is produced from the same MCH with yields of more than 98% through the dehydrogenation process. SPERA HYDROGEN. SPERA derives from the Latin word for “hope” 10,000 Nm 3 of H 2 in 20m 3 MCH tank Chiyoda
3. Electrolysers Hydrogen technology has funding of ¥8.9 billion ($83 million) designated for “hydrogen supply chain utilising unutilised energy. ” Other measures directly related to hydrogen involve subsidies for household fuel cell introduction (¥7.6 billion / $71 million) and hydrogen station improvement “for promotion of fuel cell vehicles” (¥5.6 billion / $52 million) [March 15, 2018 http://www.ammoniaenergy.org/on-the-ground-in-japan-hydrogen-activity-accelerates/ ] Water Electrolysis System 10 Nm 3 /h Solid polymer type 6 × 2.5 × 2.3 [m] Full-Scale Operations Begin for Showcase Project to Supply Wind Power-Generated, Low- Carbon Hydrogen to Fuel Cell Forklifts 12 Jul, 2017 Toshiba
3. Hydrogen distribution infrastructure Hitachi and Marubeni have been created partnership to tap into the growing demand for hydrogen fuel throughout rural areas of Japan . Solar energy used to produce the hydrogen fuel then transporting in high pressure cylinders. [ Sep 11, 2017 http://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/hydrogen-fuel-delivery-service-is-coming-to-japan/8532913/ ] Shizuoka Prefecture’s first H 2 dispencer from Tatsuno, winner of the hydrogen fuelling station Good Design Award 2018 2015 Hydrogen refuelling stations Nedo, Japan, in 2018
3. H 2 supply systems The hydrogen system in Fukushima Prefecture In December 2017 “the Japanese government . . . approved an updated hydrogen strategy which appears to give ammonia the inside track in the race against liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) and liquid organic hydride (LOH) energy carrier systems”. [March 15, 2018 http://www.ammoniaenergy.org/on-the-ground-in-japan-hydrogen-activity-accelerates/ ]
4. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION The development of hydrogen energy infrastructure will makes it possible to create a new type of energy carrier for the consumers of energy services, which is an effective supplement to electricity. The development of hydrogen energy infrastructure is aimed at priority displacement of motor fuel in transportation and reduction of buildings' electricity and fuel consumption through the development of distributed generation . The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier makes it possible to increase the capacity utilisation factor for renewables by means of alternative technologies outside electric power systems, as well as to create new consumer markets for renewable energy by reducing the demand for oil, coal and natural gas.
4. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2) The production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon feedstocks will remain substantially more economical for several decades . Thus, the growth of hydrogen consumption as an energy carrier for end-use energy consumers will affect the traditional energy markets to a very small extent. Since Japan is a technological and economic leader for the industrialised East Asian economies, including China, similar trends will be inherent in the entire East Asian region . As a result of the innovative equipment’s market creation, the hydrogen energy infrastructure provides new opportunities for the Russian business and researchers .
Thanks for your attention!
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