Semi-Automated Cartographic Techniques to Analyse the Geomorphometric Parameters in High Altitude Glacierised Terrain using SRTM DEM Data M. TAMIL SELVAN Remote Sensing and GIS Centre Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India mtselvan@jnu.ac.in
Third Pole
Himalayan Glaciers Drainage map of the Himalayan Rivers Tista Basin
Principal Glacier Fed River System of Himalayas Major river Name of river/ Catchment area (sq. km) covered Percentage system tributary by Glaciation Mountains Glaciers Indus 268,482 8,790 3.3 33,670 170 5.0 27,195 2,944 10.0 8,029 206 2.5 47,915 1,295 2.7 14,504 638 4.4 Ganga Yamuna 11,655 125 1.1 23,051 2,312 10.0 Ramganga 6,734 3 0.04 Kali 16,317 997 6.01 Karnali 53,354 1,543 2.9 Gandak 37,814 1,845 4.9 Brahmaputra Kosi 61,901 1,318 2.1 Tista 12,432 495 4.0 Raidak 26,418 195 0.7 Manas 31,080 528 1.7 Subansiri 18,130 725 4.0 256,928 1,080 0.4 Dibang 12,950 90 0.7 Lohit 20,720 425 2.01 Gross 10,01,294 25,724 2.6
Himalayan Glaciers Drainage map of the Himalayan Rivers Chhota shigri Bhagirathi Alaknanda Tista Basin
Location Map of Uttarkashi District in Uttaranchal State Location Map of Uttaranchal State in India - Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Location Map of Uttarkashi District in Uttaranchal State Punjab Uttaranchal Haryana Arunachal Prades Delhi Sikkim Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Assam Nagaland Bihar Meghalaya Manipur Tripura West Bengal Jharkhand Mizoram Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh Orissa Uttarkashi Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Goa Karnataka Rudraprayag Dehradun Chamoli Tehri Garhwal Tamil Nadu Kerala Pithoragarh Bageshwar Hardwar Garhwal Almora Nainital Champawat Udhamsingh Nagar
77°48'0"E 78°0'0"E 78°12'0"E 78°24'0"E 78°36'0"E 78°48'0"E 79°0'0"E 79°12'0"E Figure 1.3: Uttarkashi District Map 31°24'0"N 31°24'0"N CHINA - HIMACHAL PRADESH Angar 31°12'0"N 31°12'0"N Ran Lewani Jadhang Doni Harkidun Osla Nellang Kulni Jakhol Datmir Naitwar Shaptrishi Kund Salra Balcha Gainchwan Purga Asna 31°0'0"N Mon R 31°0'0"N Harsil Yamnotri E Chholmi Naini V I R Gaurikund Chirbas Jarmola Gangotri Kharsal Sar I H Kanatal T Rama A Sarnoul R Gaumukh I G A Sunagar Purola H B Syana Chatti 30°48'0"N 30°48'0"N Rajgarhi Pujargaon Barsu Salang Barkot Bhatwari Agora Naugaon Chamoli Uprikot Pilang Dehradun Kuwa Sola UTTARKASHI Wah Dunda Dewar Rudra Prayag 30°36'0"N 30°36'0"N Thalan Thalan Bangaon Kandani Legend Chakon Bharkot Margaon Shrikot Rivers Saundi Tehri Garhwal Glacier Area Hadhan 30°24'0"N Major Roads 30°24'0"N Major Towns 0 10 20 40 Kilometers International Boundary 77°48'0"E 78°0'0"E 78°12'0"E 78°24'0"E 78°36'0"E 78°48'0"E 79°0'0"E 79°12'0"E 13
78°30'0"E 78°36'0"E 78°42'0"E 78°48'0"E 78°54'0"E 79°0'0"E 79°6'0"E 79°12'0"E 79°18'0"E 79°24'0"E Map No. 2.4: Bhagirathi Sub-Basins with River Network Base Map of the Bhagirathi River Basin 31°24'0"N 31°24'0"N Sumla - Mendi Rongmach Gad Mardhalan Tinktia Changdum 31°18'0"N 31°18'0"N Bareguddar Gad Jodh Ganga Chorgad Uttari Bamak Tirpani Chorgad Bichli Bamak Karkoti Chorgad Dakhni Bamak Jadhang Gad Kalapani Gad Nokurcha Angor Sonam Dhar Dudhpani Nala Sonam Dudhpani Jadhang Sarup Dhar Thandapani Nala Thandapani Bamak 31°12'0"N 31°12'0"N Misohra Kalapani Bamak Jahnvi Ganga Basin Namuche Democha Bamak Lamkhaga Bamak Jadhang Shingmoche Nilapani Bamak Rohlia Bamak Lamkhaga Misosa Khurmuche Dhar Dosumdu KU Chaling Gad Nilapani Gad Jungti Dhar Jelandli Gad Chaling Bamak Khogu Dhumdhar Namti Mana Gad Dadera Jodh Ganga Nilapani Dhar Ghora Dhar Chor Gad Jalandhri Gad Basin Sian Bamak Wodar Neland Dhomka Ghora Gad Mana 31°6'0"N Gantrara 31°6'0"N Mangla Chu Guli Gad Harsil Reserve Forest Tongua Darani Gad Karmoli Chaurun Bambi Gad Manj Kanda Guli Dhar Kakora Gad Lanka Dhar Shong Dhar Dadapokhri Dhar Dehigad Bamak Karcha Gad Lamathot Sian Gad Kot Dhar Pipe Line Tilga Nala Chaudar Bamak Tara Mukhba Surali Bamak Korcha Uta Kopang Spring Harsil Lanka Chirbas Parbat Son Gad Deoban Bartiakhunt Bamak Rig Tal Guligad Bamak Tel Gad Sartia Gad Dudu Gad Dakhani Mana Bamak Deogad Bamak Sri Kailash Ruriakanda Akhorthat Hodas Dhar Bambigad Bamak Khorgu Kailash Bamak Dee Gad Tel Gad Bhandargaon Mahla Gaurikund Gangotri 31°0'0"N 31°0'0"N Chhalan Bamak Khera Gad Miyana Gad Khankhu Udiyar Matri Bamak Bhela Gad Son Gad Bhu Tharar Nilambar Bamak Mana Glacier Miyana Kharak Swetvarn Bamak Bhela Gad Mana Bamak Kedar Ganga Khargu Dhar Rudugaira Gad Awani Dhar Chirbas Bhrigu Parbat Srikanta Bhujbas Raktvarn Bamak Bensaru Khat Mana Parvat Lod Gad Manda Glacier Pilapani Bamak Patang Dhar Bhujkot Rudugaira Gaumukh Multhata Jhalalu ki Jaonli Rancha Dhar Po Ki Gad Kalindi Glacier Okhla Rudugaira Bamak Bhagirathi Ganga Chaturang Bhamak Jaonli Bamak Kedar Bamak Kalindi Khat Gangotri Group of Glaciers Nandanban 30°54'0"N 30°54'0"N Vasuki Glacier Meru Bamak Seta Glacier Jogin Group Mechha Dhar Bhrigupanth Chandra Parpat Vasuki Parbat Meru Legend Bhagirathi Parbat Kaldi Basin Dokriani Bamak Phating Pithwar Jaonli Kirti Bamak Satopanth Barsu Din Gad Gangotri Glacier Satopanth Diara Solang Choro ki Dhar Locations Amlaoki Dhar Kiark Kirti Stambh Riattal Bhu Goni Glacier Pilang Basin Nahal Gad Bhatwari Roads Swachand Glacier Kedarnath Pagaria Bhagirath Kharak Bank Gani Gad 30°48'0"N 30°48'0"N Pahi Kharchakund Ghanohim Glacier Malandi Glacier Pagun Gad Pilang Sumeru Parbat Streams Bhilangna Ganga Andharban ki Dhar Sari Dhongar ki Dhar Jaurah Kiarki Gad Gawar Dhar Ghatu Gad Mandani Parpat Chaukhamba Jamak Stab Shastru Koleon Glacier Shastra Tal (Badrinath) Kamar Kamar Gad 30°42'0"N 30°42'0"N 0 5 10 20 Kilometers 78°30'0"E 78°36'0"E 78°42'0"E 78°48'0"E 78°54'0"E 79°0'0"E 79°6'0"E 79°12'0"E 79°18'0"E 79°24'0"E
Chaukhamba peak Shivling Peak
Different Group of Peaks
Gaumukh, Snout of the Bhagirathi River Flow of Bhagirathi River
Debris / Ice Cover in the Gangotri Glacier
1971 1991 1966 2008 1935 1889 1817 Snout positions of the Gangotri Glacier since 1817 to 1971
Retreat of the Gangotri Glacier by Earth Observatory, NASA, 2004
Physiographic Impacts on the Hydro-Geomorphology Measurement and calculation of surface modifying natural factors and their impact zonation considering coverage area. Tectonic forces originating deep below the surface of earth are capable of changing surface configuration, increase or reduce the rate of surface intensity. Understanding the role of surface agents which tends to modify the face of earth surface. These agents and their activities are distributed in various intensities, forms and continuously modify the Earth’s surface. Therefore, it becomes imperative to discuss the distribution of these processes and their forming agents. In the present theme, the surface processes are analysed through the morphometric analysis techniques. Morphomteric analysis are applied in character as well as integrated in the approach. It provides a clear picture of the physiography of a region. For any demarcation based on divide a region into certain homogenous regions, such analysis becomes an essential ingredient. Morphomteric analysis are applied in character as well as integrated in approach. It provides a clear picture of the physiography of a region.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS The basin morphometry constitutes three types of properties such as areal, linear and relief. For the purpose of this study, areal properties such as stream frequency, drainage texture, drainage density and relief properties such as average relief, relative relief, dissection index and ruggedness index have been analysed. A quantitative approach is adopted here for showing the morphometric characteristics and spatial variations in the region. The database for this purpose is generated with the help of sources such as satellite imagery, SRTM data and toposheet. For morphometric analysis, contour intervals at 30 meters has been used. Contours are generated at 30 meter intervals and verified and modified with SOI toposheets. The study area is divided into 6,392 square grids of 1km x 1km and detailed statistics calculated for each grid is done.
Recommend
More recommend
