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SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT SCIENCE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

é l VERSeau Développement Agropolis International

14 March, 2012 14 March, 2012

Association VERSeau ssociation Seau Développement

Pierre CHEVALLIER, President

Interfacing and f g facilitation through collaboration between collaboration between research, industry and public authorities

VERSeau’s objective is to create synergies regarding

public authorities

the institutional, technical and legal aspects of water resources management

Activities of VERSeau Développement

Hosting the Executive Office of International Water Resources Coordination of the Quality Charter for Sanitation Networks in Languedoc‐

Quality Charter IWRA

International Water Resources Association for Sanitation Networks in Languedoc Roussillon Coordination and Development of and participation to

Missions

Coordination and promotion of scientific projects participation to international projects Expertise

Missions

CIRCLE MED and CIRCLE 2 European Project CLIMPARKS C ti ith th

Support to local and national public policy

Cooperation programmes with the Conseil Général de l’Hérault

Support to Global Competitiviness Cluster for Water

Latest publication

Synthesis of CIRCLE‐MED project CIRCLE MED project results and recommendations to decision‐makers on different to decision makers on different aspects of water management issues in Mediterranean coastal Available online: areas under climate change conditions. Available online:

www.circle‐med.net

Association VERSeau Association VERSeau Développement Développement

Domaine de Lavalette 859, rue Jean‐François Breton 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France p +33 (0)4 67 61 04 00 verseau@verseaudeveloppement com verseau@verseaudeveloppement.com www.verseaudeveloppement.com

Agropolis International Agropolis International

World centre for agriculture, food and environmental sciences www.agropolis.org l i Paul LUU, Director

A springboard for inter‐institutional exchange

• Montpellier 1,2 and 3,

Nîmes and Perpignan

• Montpellier 1,2 and 3,

Nîmes and Perpignan

5

universities

• Montpellier SupAgro,
• Montpellier SupAgro,

10

p p g , CIHEAM/IAM.M, AgroParisTech/ENGREF, ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, Sup de Co EMA CODIGE p p g , CIHEAM/IAM.M, AgroParisTech/ENGREF, ENSC.M, ESCAIA, ICRA, ISTOM, Sup de Co EMA CODIGE

10

higher educational institutes

28 higher d i

Sup de Co, EMA, CODIGE Sup de Co, EMA, CODIGE

institutes

• National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex
• National: BRGM, CEA, Irstea (ex

education and research

, , ( CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS, IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD

• International: Bioversity

International CSIRO EMBRAPA , , ( CEMAGREF), CIRAD, CNRS, IFREMER, INRA, INSERM, IRD

• International: Bioversity

International CSIRO EMBRAPA

13 research

institutes

institutes are members of

International, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, USDA International, CSIRO, EMBRAPA, USDA

Agropolis International

Pooled resources and expertise

3 agricultural 3 g centres, 5 university

• Specialised research

hubs: remote sensing,

campuses and 3 research sites

ubs: e

• te se s g,

water sciences, human sciences

• Technology platforms:

gy p

Ecotron, MEDIMEER, Station aquacole de Palavas, genotyping‐sequencing‐ l i g h t i g

Common high‐ performance 80 research units, mainly

cloning, phenotyping, bioinformatics, polyphenols, fractionation

• f plant material,

performance infrastructures units, mainly

inter‐

• rganizational

p , environmental technology…

• Collections,

databases…

Comprehensive training opportunities

156 degree courses, professional and academic 156 degree courses, professional and academic

Technicians, engineers, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

6 graduate schools

Over 600 Ph.D. students

Continuing education packages

Short or long‐term (standard or customized)

Training engineering

The highest concentration in Europe g p

for research and training in Agriculture, Food, Biodiversity, Environment

• 2 300 researchers and
• 2,300 researchers and

teachers O d d

• Over 5,000 students and

trainees

10,000 people overall

An international platform open to Mediterranean and tropical regions Mediterranean and tropical regions

French institutions specialized in international cooperation:

Cirad, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro/IRC

International institutions: CIHEAM‐IAMM, ICRA, Bioversity

International

Foreign laboratories (Australia, Brazil, USA) and international program representatives (CPWF) p g p

( )

Network integration: CGIAR, AgriNATURA, CILBA… New headquarters of the CGIAR Consortium

Open to stakeholders of economic and agricultural development

M b f A li I t ti l

agricultural development

Members of Agropolis International

Transfer and interface bodies: Transferts LR, ACTA, ACTIA Company representatives: LRIA CRCI VERSeau Développement Company representatives: LRIA, CRCI, VERSeau Développement Consultancy and company offices: BRL, IBMA, ITK, Cade…

Collaboration with several competitiveness clusters Integration of competitiveness clusters and technology g f p gy parks in international networks

Roles, missions and ventures

Coordination and organization of g f the regional scientific community Promotion of expertise worldwide

isibilit

Global support for regional innovation stakeholders

visibility

forum

facilitation Management of partnerships d ll ti j t f

added value

subsidiarity

and collective projects

subsidiarity

Expertise of the regional scientific community in the field of water in the field of water

Thierry RIEU, Director of AgroParisTech center of Montpellier y , g p

Expertise of the regional scientific community in the field of water

18 research units involved

in the field of water

18 research units involved G th i g 800 i ti t Gathering 800 scientists Interacting with 10 international cooperation or valorisation structures Offering 43 educational programmes dealing p g g with water

Main research themes in the field of water

UMR ART‐Dev X

The resource: identification, functioning, mobilisation Conservation and restoration of water quality Management of water resource and uses

UMR ART Dev X UMR EMMAH X X UMR ESPACE‐DEV X X UMR G EAU X X X UMR G‐EAU X X X UMR GM X UMR GRED X UMR HSM X X X UMR HSM X X X UMR IEM X UMR ITAP X X X UMR LAMETA X UMR LAMETA X UMR LISAH X X X UMR TETIS X X X UMS OREME X UPR GREEN X UPR EAU/NRE X X UPR LBE X UPR LGEI X X X US Analysis X

International cooperation

International research centers or programs programs

(CGIAR, CPWF, FRIEND UNESCO Program…)

National and international scientific and professional associations and professional associations

(IAHS, IWRA, ICID/AFEID, VERSeau Développement) pp )

Researchers from CIRAD and IRD posted overseas able to strengthen cooperation

Three research and education chairs

Membrane sciences applied to the environment

On water treatment by membrane processes

( ) (approved by UNESCO)

Water for All Water for All

Offering capacity building programmes for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries for utility managers in the developing and emerging countries

(in partnership with Suez‐Environnement)

Risks analyses of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments

Focused on organic contaminants in water

(in partnership with Veolia)

An innovative research dedicated to l ti f t t solutions for water management

C ti i f th “W t ” titi l t Creation in 2010 of the “Water” competitiveness cluster including the Languedoc‐Roussillon, Midi‐Pyrénées and P Al Côt d’A gi Provence‐Alpes‐Côte‐d’Azur regions The “Water” cluster seeks to create value through innovative The Water cluster seeks to create value through innovative projects in the field of water use and management

4 strategic axes:

Identification and use of water resources C d d i i h hi h Concerted management and uses in contexts with high pressure on water resources Reuse of water from all sources Institutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisions Institutional and societal approaches in terms of stakeholders and decisions

Examples of Innovative projects

ARENA project

Integrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to Integrated approach to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation capacities to global changes of the « groundwater economy » in North Africa

Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster Funded by ANR

ECODREDGE – MED project

Eco technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports Eco‐technologies for extraction and valorization of sediment in ports

Approved by the Water Competitiveness Cluster Funded by FUI

HYDROGUARD project

Autonomous equipment and technologies for the optimized management of the means of prevention of floods pollutions and marine submersion in LR the means of prevention of floods, pollutions and marine submersion in LR and PACA

Approved by the Risk Competitiveness Cluster Funded by FUI

Facing global changes in the Mediterranean region: Wh t ill t ’ t b lik ? What will tomorrow’s water resources be like?

RESCUE‐Med team

Denis RUELLAND

CNRS H d S i M t lli CNRS‐ HydroSciences Montpellier denis.ruelland@um2.fr

Marianne MILANO – Ph‐D student

Plan Bleu – UM2 – HydroSciences Montpellier Montpellier marianne.milano@um2.fr

The Mediterranean region: hot‐spot of climate change

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

The Mediterranean region: hot spot of climate change

Rainfall evolution – 2100 horizon Runoff evolution – 2100 horizon

IPCC, 2007 IPCC, 2007

Différences (mm) between 2080‐2099 and 1980‐1999 – dots: over 80% of existing models agree on climate evolution

Will future water needs be satisfied in the Mediterranean region?

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

the Mediterranean region?

The Mediterranean basin

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

The Mediterranean basin

22 countries 1.5 millions km² 73 groups of catchments Only 21 Only 21 catchments exceeding 10000 km² in area km in area Heterogeneous region

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Hydro‐climatic conditions

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

Hydro climatic conditions

250 900 Eté Mediterranean climate 250 – 900 mm 100 – 250 mm 100 – 250 mm 100 Eté 50 – 150 mm 0 – 100 mm 0 – 50 mm

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Hydro‐climatic conditions

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

250 900 Eté Mediterranean climate

Hydro climatic conditions

250 – 900 mm 100 – 250 mm 100 – 250 mm 100 Eté Mean annual fresh water availability (1971–1990) 50 – 150 mm 0 – 100 mm 0 – 50 mm

As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Hydro‐climatic conditions

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

250 900 Eté Mediterranean climate

Hydro climatic conditions

250 – 900 mm 100 – 250 mm 100 – 250 mm 100 Eté Mean annual fresh water availability (1971–1990) 50 – 150 mm 0 – 100 mm 0 – 50 mm Water resources availability per capita (2005)

As simulated by the Water Balance Model (Milano et al., 2011)

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Plan Bleu, 2009

Towards significant climate and anthropic changes

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

Population growth (UNPD, 2008) Percent share of irrigated areas in 1995 (FAO, 2000)

• f inhabitants

Millions o

(%)

Temperature

Blinda & Thivet, 2009 (Sécheresse)

Temperature variation

(°C)

Milano et al 2011

Precipitation variation

( C)

Milano et al., 2011 (IAHS Publ. 347) Milano et al., subm. (Global Env. Change)

(mm) RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

A regional modelling method

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

g g

H H

Water Withdrawals

∑

Retrospective period: 1971–1990 Prospective period: 2041–2060

Milano et al., 2011 (IAHS Publ. 347) Ruelland et al., 2012 (J. Hydrol. 424-425)

WSI = Water Withdrawals

∑

Water Availability

Prospective period: 2041 2060

Milano et al. subm. (Hydrol. Sci. J.)

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Trends in precipitation for 4 GCM by 2050

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

p p f 4 y 5

Milano et al. subm. (Hydrol. Sci. J.)

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Trends in water availability and demand by 2050

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

Trends in water availability and demand by 2050

Milano et al. subm. (Hydrol. Sci. J.)

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Evolution of the Water Stress by 2050

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

f y 5

Milano et al subm Milano et al. subm. (Hydrol. Sci. J.)

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Conclusion & prospects

Context Study area Method Results Conclusion & Prospects

Assessment of the water resources vulnerability in the Mediterranean region the Mediterranean region Support to focus on the most vulnerable areas within the Mediterranean basin Methodological challenges: seasonnal dynamics (dam operations, crop water y ( p , p demand, tourism…) Studies at a sub‐regional scale in g collaboration with local stakeholders

Ebro (Spain) Hé l (F ) Hérault (France) Ceyhan (Turkey) …

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

h k f li i Thank you for listening.

Contacts: denis.ruelland@um2.fr i il @ f marianne.milano@um2.fr

Some references:

Ruelland, D., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime Ruelland, D., Ardoin Bardin, S., Collet, L. & Roucou, P. (2012). Simulating future trends in hydrological regime

• f a large Sudano‐Sahelian catchment under climate change. J. Hydrol., 424–425, 207–216.

Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Ardoin‐Bardin, S., Fabre, J., Thivet, G. & Servat, E. (2011). Assessing the impacts of global changes on the water resources of the Mediterranean basin. In: Risk in W t R M g t IAHS P bl 3 16 1 2 Water Resources Management. IAHS Publ., 347, 165–172. Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Fabre, J. Servat, E., Fritsch, J.‐M., Ardoin‐Bardin, S. & Thivet, G. Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under global changes.

• Hydrol. Sci. J., subm.

RESCUE Team ‐ HydroSciences Montpellier ‐ 2012

Global changes in the Mediterranean: h ill ’ b lik ? what will tomorrow’s water resources be like?

Field approach : example of the Merguellil catchment in central Tunisia Christian LEDUC & Sylvain MASSUEL y

IRD, UMR G‐EAU, Montpellier (France) christian.leduc@ird.fr

Scientific and social context of the Merguellil catchment Merguellil catchment

A region of central Tunisia typical of the Mediterranean A region of central Tunisia typical of the Mediterranean environment

physical (semi‐arid highly variable) physical (semi arid, highly variable) social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)

with clear contrasts between upstream and downstream upst ea a d do st ea

Tunis Merguellil

Scientific and social context of the Merguellil catchment Merguellil catchment

A region of central Tunisia typical of the A region of central Tunisia typical of the Mediterranean environment

h l ( h hl bl ) physical (semi‐arid, highly variable) social (poor, rural, submitted to rapid changes in agriculture)

with many previous research y p projects (bilateral, European, international) and academic ( ) works (MoS, PhD)

A long series of major water issues

Changes in availability of water resources

( ) climate variability, and change (temperature, rainfall??) land use, land cover large and small conservation works (dams, terraces,etc.)

Changes in water demand and water uses Changes in water demand and water uses

abandonment of traditional technics, and social rules new distribution of population export of drinking water to the coast rapid increase in irrigated areas li i d f f l limited enforcement of laws

Changes in surface runoff

• 1. Increase of Soil+Water conservation works
• 2. Increase in pumping from the upstream

aquifers for drinking water 1+2 = significant decrease 1+2 = significant decrease in the river discharge upstream

Changes in groundwater recharge

The construction of the El Haouareb big dam in 1989 completely changed the groundwater recharge in the Kairouan plain

• in processes (location, time)
• in fluxes (evaporation loss in the dam)

After 1989 Before 1989

Changes in water demand for agriculture agriculture

Expansion of irrigated areas in public Expansion of irrigated areas in public and private domains Changes in irrigation techniques from traditional techniques to drip irrigation, supposed to save water Changes in crops from cereals and olive Changes in crops from cereals and olive trees to tomato, melon, etc., more water demanding with more benefit g f

Direct impact on groundwater resources in the Kairouan plain resources in the Kairouan plain

About 10,000 wells in the Kairouan plain (x10 since 1990)

5 10 15/6/68 15/5/68 20 15 rofondeur (m)

The water table decrease (0.5 to 1 m/yr) shows a not sustainable groundwater overexploitation

30 25 P Stepanoff (1935) E / E Bis (2.57 Km) P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km) 26/3/01 15/3/02 18/4/06

groundwater overexploitation. There is no enforcement of

5/18/27 1/24/41 10/3/54 6/11/68 2/18/82 10/28/95 7/6/09 Date 35 P1 Bir Zaddam (2.71 Km) Puit à sec Forage P1 Bir Zaddam 14/12/06

There is no enforcement of the law.

Which future for agriculture?

Solutions must come from agriculture, that represents the most f g , p important water consumption But adaptation, interests and investments depend on many criteria:

the size of farms, ( ) the status (owners, renters), the crops (trees vs annual, speculative) th li iti g f t ( il t k ) the limiting factors (soil, water, work power)

The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of The scientific tools (technics, economy, ...) grasp only a limited part of the multiple interacting processes.

e.g. drip irrigation did not save water

Which water management?

A new water management should consider many A new water management should consider many constraints:

Technical solutions are not sufficient Technical solutions are not sufficient Equilibrium between social equity and economic efficiency

This should lead to the definition of a new water governance g

Shared responsibility for the use of a common good (especially in a large region) Clearer role of authorities (Min. of Agriculture) Acceptance of new rules

Towards a rationalised management of M dit th t Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystems

A collaborative international research project: A collaborative international research project:

SICMED

Marc VOLTZ Christian LEDUC, Jean Claude MENAUT, Maxime THIBON

Societal issues

Continuous population growth

• 454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020

454 Mhab in 2005 and 520 Mhab predicted in 2020

• Growth essentially in south Mediterranean countries

Strong urbanization and population growth on the coasts

• 64% en 2008 et 68% en 2020

Rural areas remain with large population densities

• But decrease in north Mediterranean and growth in south mediterranean

ut dec ease

• t

ed te a ea a d g o t sout ed te a ea

Scarcity in available water resources

• Mediterranean zone has more than 50% of world population poor in water

fli f

• Many conflicts of water use

Soil ressources largely exploited Deficit in agricultural production (mostly in south Mediterranean): f g p ( y )

• Ex: 22% of cerals imported by 7% of world population

St

g b d l hi h l d t

Strong pressures on urban and rural areas which lead to

main conflicts about the use of natural ressources

Environmental Issues

Hot spot of climate change ( T°, Rainfall) Rarefaction of water ressources already limited Soil degradation

erosion salinisation artificialization compaction loss in carbon content erosion, salinisation, artificialization, compaction, loss in carbon content

Soil and water contamination

(nitrates, xenobiotics, trace metals,..)

Deforestation Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity

Management issues of Mediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systems Mediterranean eco‐anthropo‐systems

Agriculture Agriculture

Ensuring food security Improving water productivity and drought tolerance in cropping systems Improving irrigation technology and methods

Water ressources

Improving water harvesting techniques Improving water harvesting techniques Sharing ressources between users

Territorial

Maintaining rural settlement and limiting migration towards urban areas Preserving typical Mediterranean landscapes (tourism and life space)

Environmental Environmental

Preserving biodiversity Restoring or maintaining quality of soil and water ressources Regulating biogeochemical cycles (carbone especially)

Ambitions for Sicmed

To develop systemic approaches of Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystems anthropo ecosystems

linking biophysics and socio‐economics integrating simultaneous interactions g g

• f multiple drivers

T t lti l t l ll b ti To promote multi‐lateral collaboration between researchers in Mediterranean countries and beyond countries and beyond To define innovative solutions f helping to the Mediterranean sustainable development

Scientific objectives

Studying Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystem b h i d l i behaviour and evolution under climatic and human constraints Hydrological and biogeochemical fluxes socio‐economic and territorial dynamics biophysical processes Biotechnic drivers Developping tools and methodologies for managing natural ressources and Seeking innovative management strategies for Mediterranean eco‐ natural ressources and landscapes Mediterranean eco anthropo‐systems

No unique Mediterranean anthropo‐ecosystem but many anthropo ecosystem, but many

Example in South of France

Scrubland

mountains ill Hills and calcareous Plateaus

Leptosol Forests

Hills over sedimentary material

Calcisol Fruit trees

River Alluvia

Market gardening Luvisol

Coastal plains and deltas

Vineyards Camargue Fluvisol

Solontchaks

Website « sols et paysages du Languedoc Roussillon » http://www.umr‐lisah.fr/Paysages

A crossed l analysis

Scientific domains

• Functioning + managt of

g g plant canopies

• Hydrological cycle and

water resources managt Bi h i l l il

• Biogeochemical cycles + soil

and water quality

• Resources assessment at

regional scale

Representative socio‐environmental systems

g

• Farming systems
• Socio‐economical processes

and territorial approaches I t g t d d lli g f Rainfed agriculture Irrigated agriculture Grazing land Peri‐urban areas Desert transition areas Coastal areas Forests and nat ral ecos stems

• Integrated modelling of

ecosystems Forests and natural ecosystems Singular environments (e.g. mines)

A collaborative program drawing on j t d it d ‐ 5 major study sites and ‐ 6 specific thematic networks p f in 9 Mediterranean countries

Major sites

with integrated interdisciplinary studies

T

Herault

interdisciplinary studies

Thematic t k

Crau

T

networks

• Groundwater recharge
• Soil‐vegetation‐

Lebna

T

atmosphere fluxes

• Coastal aquifers
• Soil erosion

Tensift Merguelil

• Forest écology
• Mining activities

A collaborative program built in cooperation with cooperation with

Partners from all sides of the Mediterranean (Algeria, France, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia…) The support of French research institutes : CNRS ‐Insu, INRA, IRD and IRSTEA and IRSTEA In close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiative In close relation with the German Tereno‐MED initiative

SICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programme SICMED is part of the MISTRALS decennial programme

More information Info@sicmed net / www sicmed net Info@sicmed.net / www.sicmed.net

MERCI / THANK YOU worldwaterforum6.org solutionsforwater.org