Scale-Up and Process Integration of Municipal Solid Waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
scale up and process integration of municipal solid waste
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Scale-Up and Process Integration of Municipal Solid Waste - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 20, 2024 507 likes •786 views

Scale-Up and Process Integration of Municipal Solid Waste Conversion Process L. Liang, N. Sun, C. Li, Q. He, T. Luong, F. Xu, M. Somma, N. D'Alessio, V. Thompson, B. Simmons, S. Singh and T. Pray Ling Liang Lawrence Berkeley National

slide-1
SLIDE 1
  • L. Liang, N. Sun, C. Li, Q. He, T. Luong, F. Xu, M. Somma, N. D'Alessio,
  • V. Thompson, B. Simmons, S. Singh and T. Pray

Ling Liang Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Biofuels/Bioproducts Process Demonstration Unit

Scale-Up and Process Integration

  • f Municipal Solid Waste

Conversion Process

1 ¡

slide-2
SLIDE 2

About

Advanced Biofuels/Bioproducts Process Demonstration Unit (ABPDU) has been fully operational since 2012, collaborating with the Industry, National Labs and Academia to enable early stage advanced biofuels, biomaterials, and biochemicals product and process technologies to successfully scale from the lab to commercial relevance.

Established by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds in 2009 – roughly $17 million invested in the 15,000 square foot demonstration Lab

2 ¡

slide-3
SLIDE 3

3 ¡

Facility at a Glance: Lab - to - Pilot Scale

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Technical Capabilities and Project Types

4 ¡

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Today’s Focus: Exploring Diversity of Starting Material ¡

Market ¡and ¡regulatory ¡policy ¡are ¡diversifying ¡across ¡renewable ¡feedstocks ¡ Producing:

§ Alcohols § Organic acids § Hydrocarbons § Terpenes § Ketones § Fatty acids § Lipids § Proteins § Enzymes § Others…

¡

Other ¡ special ¡ material ¡ 5 ¡

slide-6
SLIDE 6

CASE STUDY 1

6 ¡

Lignocellulose / Municipal Solid Waste Blends ¡

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Source: ¡h@p://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm ¡

  • Advantages

– Year-round availability – Low or negative cost – Collection infrastructure – Abundance and renewable

  • Disadvantages

– Highly variable – Low quality

  • Sorting
  • Upgrading

MSW Blends

MSW in this study are non-recyclable: consisted of aseptic and polycoat containers and packaging, food soiled paper, shredded paper and waxed or coated papers and cardboard. The materials were hand sorted from black bag garbage entering a landfill by Cascadia Consulting in Seattle WA.

7 ¡

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Idaho National Lab’s Least-Cost-Formulation Output for Midwest MSW/CS Blends

70$/ton ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡80$/ton ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡>100$/ ¡ton ¡ DOE ¡target ¡ a) ¡Corn ¡Stover ¡ b) ¡CS:MSW ¡= ¡4:1 ¡ c) ¡CS:MSW ¡= ¡1:1 ¡

Sun et al., 2015, Bioresour Technol, 186: 200-206

MSW/CS blends have the great potential to meet the “cost target”

8 ¡

slide-9
SLIDE 9

CS/MSW ¡raDo Ash ¡(%) Glucan ¡(%) Xylan ¡(%) Glucan+Xylan ¡(%) 10:0 3.0 33.2 20.8 50.8 9:1 3.8 35.5 19.7 55.2 8:2 4.6 37.7 18.6 56.3 7:3 5.4 40.0 17.6 57.6 6:4 6.2 42.2 16.5 58.7 5:5 7.0 44.5 15.4 59.9 0:10 10.9 50.8 10.0 60.8

MSW/CS Blends Compositions

Sun et al., 2015, Bioresour Technol, 186: 200-206

MSW/CS blends have the great potential to meet “quality requirements”

9 ¡

slide-10
SLIDE 10

A Wider Range of Feedstock Screening

16 Blends 2015 (%)

No. Corn Stover Switchgrass Grass clippings MSW Abbr. 1 90 10 CG9:1 2 80 20 CG8:2 3 70 30 CG7:3 4 60 40 CG6:4 5 90 10 SG9:1 6 80 20 SG8:2 7 70 30 SG7:3 8 60 40 SG6:4 9 90 10 CS9:1 10 80 20 CS8:2 11 90 10 CM9:1 12 80 20 CM8:2 13 70 30 CM7:3 14 90 10 SM9:1 15 80 20 SM8:2 16 70 30 SM7:3

Besides CS/MSW, more blends were studied at small scale：

10 ¡

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Method: Ionic Liquid Acidolysis Process

Sun et al., 2013, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6:39

IL ¡ Pretreatment ¡ No ¡Solid/ Liquid ¡ SeparaOon ¡ Acidolysis ¡ Sugar Extraction, IL and Lignin Recovery One-Pot IL Process – Enzyme Free and Wash Free Universal Feedstock Utilization 11 ¡

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Ionic Liquid Acidolysis Scale-up Process Flow

After IL Pretreatment IL Preheating in 10L Parr Reactor Corn Stover/MSW 8:2 Blends Mix IL and Biomass Acidolysis/Incubation /Sampling Basket Centrifugation Product Recovery Sugar Hydrolysate Lignin-rich product 12 ¡

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Sugar Yield Summary

Run Ionic Liquid Solid Loading T (°C)/t (h) Glucose Yield (%) Xylose Yield (%) Solid Recovery (%) 1 [C4C1Im]Cl 10 140/2 42.01 55.69 16.94 2 [C4C1Im]Cl 10 150/2 64.74 42.00 5.88 3 [C4C1Im]Cl 10 160/2 70.90 50.00 0.36 4 [C4C1Im]Cl 15 160/2 63.29 40.96 2.77 5 [C4C1Im]Cl 10 120/2 53.66 50.97 13.57 6 [C2C1Im]Cl 10 120/2 44.47 46.89 21.34 7 [C2C1Im]Cl 10 140/2 53.58 35.16 11.66 8 [C2C1Im]Cl 10 160/2 57.80 35.84 6.80

  • Feedstock: CS/MSW 8:2, Non-recycle paper mix

13 ¡

  • Ionic liquids:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2C1Im]Cl) 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4C1Im]Cl)

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Biomass/IL slurry 6 kg Ionic Liquid Pretreatment and Acidolysis Solid/liquid Separation Hydrolysate Solid washing 340 g biomass 135.6 g glucan 74.7 g xylan 52.9 g lignin 23.2 g ash Total Energy: 5.82 MJ 1.1 g Solid residue 0.05 g glucan 0.01 g xylan 0.54 g lignin 0.47 g ash Total Energy: 0.034 MJ 106.8 g glucose 45.2 g xylose 6.5 g HMF 4.6 g FF 52.4 g lignin 22.7 g ash Total Energy: 85.85 MJ Blends CS/MSW 8:2 [C4C1Im]Cl 3060 g 4N HCl 250 g H2O 2375 g Total Energy: 80.06 MJ

  • Overall glucan conversion =71%
  • Overall xylan conversion = 56%
  • Overall lignin recovery from solid stream = 1%

Mass and Energy Balance

14 ¡

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Case 1 Summary

  • Successfully demonstrated 200-fold scale up of MSW blends IL acidolysis.
  • Developed an integrated process for ionic liquid based deconstruction

technologies for MSW blends conversion.

  • The scale up attempt will leverage the opportunity towards a cost-effective MSW

blends conversion technology.

15 ¡

slide-16
SLIDE 16

CASE STUDY 2

16 ¡

Post-consumer Absorbent Hygiene Products (AHPs)

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Case 2: The FATER – ABPDU Partnership

  • ABPDU has been developing and validating an integrated waste-to-energy process

under a DOE Work-For-Others (WFO) Agreement with FATER.

  • Key outcomes indicate that post-consumer absorbent hygiene products (AHPs) can

be readily and economically converted -- without using harsh or expensive pretreatment routes -- to sugars and fuel intermediates.

17 ¡

slide-18
SLIDE 18

FATER MSW

Conversion of FATER MSW

Unit Operation AHPs Collection

Techno- Economic Analysis MSW Recycle Process Development Patent Tech

Transport Sterilization Plastic Separation Cellulose Recycle Pretreatment Enzymatic Saccharification Fermentation

18 ¡

Scale Up

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Thermochemical Pretreatment + Enzymes

15 ml Incoloy Tube Reactors Fluidized Sand Bath

  • Dilute acid pretreatment: 1% sulfuric acid, 120°C, 15 min, 10% solid loading
  • Hydrothermal pretreatment: 120°C, 15 min, 10% solid loading

19 ¡ Defining the Deconstruction Routes

slide-20
SLIDE 20

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

10% 10% 10% 15% 15% 15% 15% 20% 20% 20%

Sugar Concentration (g/L) Solid Loading (w/w) Glucose Xylose 1x 2x 4x 1x 2x 8x 4x 2x 4x 8x

Lab-scale Hydrolysis Process Optimization

  • Higher solid loading (dry

basis) resulted in higher sugar concentrations

  • Larger enzyme dosage

increased sugar yields

20 ¡

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Bench-Scale Enzymatic Saccharification

Efficient mixing key to reproducible, scalable hydrolysis of actual AHP materials

21 ¡

slide-22
SLIDE 22

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10% 10% 15% 15% Sugar Cconcentration (g/L) Solid Loading (w/w)

Glucose Xylose Flask Glucose Flask Xylose

Optimized Hydrolysis Performance at Bench Scale

Solid Loading (w/w)

Glucose – IKA reactor Xylose – IKA reactor Glucose – shake flask Xylose – shake flask

Sugar Concentration (g/L) I n c r e a s i n g E n z y m e d

  • s

a g e

  • Enzymatic saccharification was scaled up 50 times
  • High consistency of sugar yield between flask scale and reactor was observed

22 ¡

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Two Potential Commercialization Routes

  • Feedstock

– Enzyme-compatible cellulose-rich material for integration with cellulosic ethanol or chemical producers

  • Sugar product

– Production of sugar monomers and packaging / distribution to users in traditional first-gen starch- and sugar-based fermentation manufacturers

23 ¡

Case 2 Summary

slide-24
SLIDE 24

24 ¡ Bio-derived Product Diversity Bio-process Prototyping & Optimization Techno-economic analysis & Life cycle analysis Scale-up Integration & Demonstration Bio-concept Development & Validation Funding & Grant Proposals Support

Ø Sponsors can receive title or exclusive licenses to inventions and IP generated under “Work

for Others” or “CRADA” contracting at ABPDU.

Ø More than 30 FOA proposals developed in partnership with small businesses as leads - 18

projects awarded to-date…

Working With

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Acknowledgements

  • DOE EERE (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy) – BETO (BioEnergy

Technologies Office)

  • Joint BioEnergy Institute
  • Idaho National Laboratory
  • Sandia National Laboratory
  • FATER Corporate

– Founded in 1958 by Angelini. Since 1992, a joint-venture of Procter & Gamble and Angelini

  • Staff of ABPDU

25

25 ¡

slide-26
SLIDE 26

THANK YOU

Contact info

Ling Liang – lliang@lbl.gov www.ABPDU.LBL.gov

26 ¡

slide-27
SLIDE 27

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

2015 ¡MSW ¡16 ¡blends ¡sugar ¡yield ¡(Pret. ¡160 ¡°C ¡2h, ¡[C2C1Im]Cl) ¡

Glu.yield% Xyl.yield%

Small Scale Screening Results

CM 8:2 65% glucose yield 91 % xylose yield

27 ¡

Ionic liquid - [C2C1Im]Cl: 1 -Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride