Municipal Solid Waste: Municipal Solid Waste: A Solution to the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Municipal Solid Waste: Municipal Solid Waste: A Solution to the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 25, 2023 102 likes •808 views

Municipal Solid Waste: Municipal Solid Waste: A Solution to the Growing Problem A Solution to the Growing Problem Jessica Beard Jessica Beard Brant Bennett Brant Bennett Jason Black Jason Black Adam Bymaster Adam Bymaster Alex Ibanez

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Municipal Solid Waste: Municipal Solid Waste:

A Solution to the Growing Problem A Solution to the Growing Problem

Jessica Beard Jessica Beard Brant Bennett Brant Bennett Jason Black Jason Black Adam Bymaster Adam Bymaster Alex Ibanez Alex Ibanez

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SLIDE 2

Purpose Purpose

  • Investigate and select an alternative

Investigate and select an alternative method of MSW disposal method of MSW disposal

  • Design a waste processing plant

Design a waste processing plant

  • Advance the previous deterministic model

Advance the previous deterministic model to optimize a construction and expansion to optimize a construction and expansion timeline timeline

  • Select a feasible investment strategy

Select a feasible investment strategy

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SLIDE 3

Today Today’ ’s Agenda s Agenda

  • 1. MSW in the United States
  • 1. MSW in the United States
  • City selection

City selection

  • Waste disposal methods

Waste disposal methods 2. 2. Pyrolysis Processing Plant Pyrolysis Processing Plant 3. 3. Producing Hydrogen from Synthetic Gas Producing Hydrogen from Synthetic Gas

  • Other possible end products

Other possible end products 4. 4. MSW Processing Plant Capital Costs MSW Processing Plant Capital Costs 5. 5. Deterministic Model Deterministic Model 6. 6. Results Results 7. 7. Ownership Ownership

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SLIDE 4

Background Background

  • Municipal Solid Waste in the United States

Municipal Solid Waste in the United States

– – Composition Composition – – Waste Disposal Waste Disposal

MSW Production and Disposal, 1960-2001 50 100 150 200 250 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year Million Tons Per Year MSW Produced MSW Disposed

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SLIDE 5

Waste Disposal in the U.S. Waste Disposal in the U.S.

  • Close to 210

Close to 210 million tons of million tons of MSW per year MSW per year

  • Methods

Methods

– – Landfilling Landfilling – – Incineration Incineration – – Pyrolysis Pyrolysis – – Recycling Recycling

Recovery 29.7% Landfilling 55.6% Combustion 14.7% Recovery Landfilling Combustion

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SLIDE 6

City Selection Selection

  • Cities Considered:

Cities Considered:

– – New York City, New York New York City, New York – – Los Angeles, California Los Angeles, California – – Detroit, Michigan Detroit, Michigan – – Hilo, Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii

  • Basis of Analysis

Basis of Analysis

– – Amount of MSW produced Amount of MSW produced – – Population and Population growth Population and Population growth – – Cost of current disposal method Cost of current disposal method

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SLIDE 7

Municipal Solid Waste Produced

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 New York City Los Angeles Detroit Hilo

City

M S W t o n s /d a y

Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Produced Produced

  • Total MSW

Total MSW Generation Generation

  • Recycling Rates

Recycling Rates

  • Waste Disposal

Waste Disposal Methods Methods

– – NYC NYC— —Transporting Transporting MSW MSW – – Detroit Detroit— —Incineration and Incineration and Landfilling Landfilling – – Hilo Hilo— —Transporting Transporting MSW and Landfilling MSW and Landfilling – – Los Angeles Los Angeles— —Landfilling Landfilling

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SLIDE 8

Population Population

  • Metropolitan Area

Metropolitan Area Populations Populations

  • NYC has largest

NYC has largest metropolitan metropolitan population population

  • Hilo has a

Hilo has a population under a population under a million million

Metropolitan Area of City

5 10 15 20 25 New York City Los Angeles Detroit Hilo

City P o p u la tio n (M illio n )

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SLIDE 9

Population Growth Population Growth

  • Hilo has the largest

Hilo has the largest population growth but population growth but very small population very small population

  • New York also has

New York also has large population large population growth growth

  • Detroit has smallest

Detroit has smallest population growth population growth

Population Growth

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 New York City Los Angeles Detroit Hilo

City

P e r c e n t G r o w th

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SLIDE 10

Price to Dispose of MSW Price to Dispose of MSW

Price to Dispose of MSW

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

New York City Detroit Hilo Los Angeles

City P r ic e ($ )

  • Average Prices

Average Prices

  • New York Fresh Kills

New York Fresh Kills Landfill Closed Landfill Closed— — Transporting Waste Out Transporting Waste Out

  • f State
  • f State
  • Cost of Incineration

Cost of Incineration High High

  • Hilo Running Out of

Hilo Running Out of Space Space

  • West Coast Has More

West Coast Has More Space than East Cost Space than East Cost

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SLIDE 11

Location Choice Location Choice… …

  • New York City:

New York City:

– – Price to Dispose of MSW: $63.30 Price to Dispose of MSW: $63.30 – – Population of Metropolitan Area: 22 million Population of Metropolitan Area: 22 million – – Amount of MSW in Metro: 46,000 tons/day Amount of MSW in Metro: 46,000 tons/day – – Landfilling in NYC Landfilling in NYC

  • Prevention of landfilling in high density NYC

Prevention of landfilling in high density NYC

  • 9 private and 23 public landfills

9 private and 23 public landfills— —capacity of 60 capacity of 60 million tons million tons

  • 17 companies with three year base contracts and

17 companies with three year base contracts and two 1 year extensions two 1 year extensions

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SLIDE 12

Disposal Methods Disposal Methods

  • Methods Considered

Methods Considered

– – Landfilling Landfilling – – Incineration Incineration – – Pyrolysis Pyrolysis

  • Basis of Analysis

Basis of Analysis

– – Cost to build and operate Cost to build and operate – – Environmental Concerns Environmental Concerns – – Production of Products Production of Products

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SLIDE 13

Landfilling Landfilling

  • Advantages

Advantages

– – Small Capital Investment Small Capital Investment – – Little Maintenance Little Maintenance – – Cheaper Disposal Fees Cheaper Disposal Fees

  • Disadvantages

Disadvantages

– – Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution

  • Methane Carbon Dioxide

Methane Carbon Dioxide

  • Leachate

Leachate

– – Property Decrease in Property Decrease in Value Value

Source: http://www.zerowasteamerica.org/Landfills.htm

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SLIDE 14

Incineration Incineration

  • Advantages

Advantages

– – Minimizes Landfill Minimizes Landfill Volume Volume – – Recovery of Energy Recovery of Energy

  • Disadvantages

Disadvantages

– – High Building and High Building and Operation Costs Operation Costs – – Air Emissions Air Emissions – – Toxic Ash Toxic Ash

Source: http://www.meniscusclients.com/portfolio/cwa/tech_info.htm

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SLIDE 15

Pyrolysis Pyrolysis

  • Advantages

Advantages

– – Minimizes Landfill Minimizes Landfill Volume Volume – – Recovery of Energy Recovery of Energy – – Production of Production of Synthetic Gas Synthetic Gas

  • Disadvantages

Disadvantages

– – Air Emissions Air Emissions— — – – Leachate Leachate – – Slag Slag— —Landfilled or Landfilled or used in road used in road foundations foundations

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SLIDE 16

Method Choice Method Choice… …

  • Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis

– – Land Constraints in NYC Land Constraints in NYC – – Production of Syngas Production of Syngas

  • Mixture of CO, CO

Mixture of CO, CO2

2 and H

and H2

2

  • Can lead to production of synthetic fuels,

Can lead to production of synthetic fuels, hydrogen, ammonia, alcohols, aldehydes, hydrogen, ammonia, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids carboxylic acids

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SLIDE 17

Pyrolysis Process Pyrolysis Process

  • Why Separate Before Pyrolysis?

Why Separate Before Pyrolysis?

– – Enhance Profit / Reduce Costs Enhance Profit / Reduce Costs

  • Sell Recyclable Metals; Low Heat Value

Sell Recyclable Metals; Low Heat Value

  • Reduce Wear and Tear on Equipment

Reduce Wear and Tear on Equipment

  • Easier Than Separation After Pyrolysis

Easier Than Separation After Pyrolysis

– – Control Refuse Properties Control Refuse Properties

  • Slag Seals Refuse if Proper Proportions

Slag Seals Refuse if Proper Proportions

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SLIDE 18

Front End Separation Front End Separation

Waste Energy 13.9x109 Btu/D Purox Feed Energy 13.8x109 Btu/D

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SLIDE 19

Purox Pyrolysis Facility Purox Pyrolysis Facility

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SLIDE 20

Desulfurization Desulfurization

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SLIDE 21

Wastewater Plant Wastewater Plant

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SLIDE 22

Oxygen Plant Oxygen Plant

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SLIDE 23

Oxygen Plant (cont.) Oxygen Plant (cont.)

  • Air Separation

Air Separation

– – 78.1% N 78.1% N2

2, 20.9% O

, 20.9% O2

2, 0.934% Ar, 0.035% CO

, 0.934% Ar, 0.035% CO2

2

  • 280 TPD O

280 TPD O2

2 = 1 Purox Reactor

= 1 Purox Reactor

  • Equipment: Compressor, Heat

Equipment: Compressor, Heat Exchanger, Distillation Columns Exchanger, Distillation Columns

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SLIDE 24

Oxygen Plant (cont.) Oxygen Plant (cont.)

  • Purpose:

Purpose:

– – Eliminate Nitrous Oxides Eliminate Nitrous Oxides

  • Environmental aspects

Environmental aspects

– – Increases concentration of reactants Increases concentration of reactants – – Raise reactor temperature to effectively Raise reactor temperature to effectively destroy toxins destroy toxins

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SLIDE 25

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Hydrogen

Hydrogen

  • Ammonia

Ammonia

  • Polycarbonates

Polycarbonates

  • Synthetic Fuel

Synthetic Fuel

  • Methanol

Methanol

  • Dimethyl Ether

Dimethyl Ether

  • Acetic Acid

Acetic Acid

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SLIDE 26

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Hydrogen

Hydrogen Uses: fuel cells, alternative fuels, Uses: fuel cells, alternative fuels, petroleum industry applications petroleum industry applications (1) CH (1) CH4

4 + 2 H

+ 2 H2

2O

O 4 H 4 H2

2 + CO

+ CO2

2

(2) CO + H (2) CO + H2

2O

O CO CO2

2 + H

+ H2

2

Sale Price: $2500/ton Sale Price: $2500/ton

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SLIDE 27

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Ammonia

Ammonia Uses: fertilizers, refrigeration, processing Uses: fertilizers, refrigeration, processing N N2

2 + H

+ H2

2

2 NH 2 NH3

3

Sale Price: $200/ton Sale Price: $200/ton

  • using H

using H2

2 ($2500/ton) and N

($2500/ton) and N2

2 ($160/ton)

($160/ton)

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SLIDE 28

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Polycarbonates

Polycarbonates Uses: drink bottles, CD/DVD substrates, audio/video Uses: drink bottles, CD/DVD substrates, audio/video cassettes cassettes (1) CO (1) CO2

2 + H

+ H2

2

CO + H CO + H2

2O

O (2) 2 NaCl + CO (2) 2 NaCl + CO 2 Na + 2 Na + Phosgene Phosgene (3) Phosgene + bisphenyl (3) Phosgene + bisphenyl-

  • A

A Polycarbonate + 2 HCl Polycarbonate + 2 HCl Sale Price: $66/ton (HCl $72/ton) Sale Price: $66/ton (HCl $72/ton)

  • using H

using H2

2 ($2500/ton)

($2500/ton)

  • using bisphenyl

using bisphenyl-

  • A ($2000/ton) and NaCl ($46/ton)

A ($2000/ton) and NaCl ($46/ton)

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SLIDE 29

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Synthetic Fuel

Synthetic Fuel Uses: diesel fuel, waxes Uses: diesel fuel, waxes CO + 2 H CO + 2 H2

2

CH CH2

2 + H

+ H2

2O

O Sale Price: $630/ton Sale Price: $630/ton

  • using H

using H2

2 ($2500/ton)

($2500/ton)

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SLIDE 30

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Methanol

Methanol Potential Uses: MTBE, DME, Potential Uses: MTBE, DME, (1) CO + H (1) CO + H2

2O

O CO CO2

2 + H

+ H2

2

(2) CO + 2H (2) CO + 2H2

2

CH CH3

3OH

OH (3) CO (3) CO2

2 + 3H

+ 3H2

2

CH CH3

3OH + H

OH + H2

2O

O Sale Price: $254/ton Sale Price: $254/ton

  • using H

using H2

2 ($2500/ton)

($2500/ton)

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SLIDE 31

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Dimethyl Ether

Dimethyl Ether Uses: alternative fuel (developing countries) Uses: alternative fuel (developing countries) (1) 3 CO + 3 H (1) 3 CO + 3 H2

2

CH CH3

3OCH

OCH3

3 + CO

+ CO2

2

(2) 2 CO + 4 H (2) 2 CO + 4 H2

2

CH CH3

3OCH

OCH3

3 + H

+ H2

2O

O Sale Price: $109/ton Sale Price: $109/ton

  • using H

using H2

2 ($2500/ton)

($2500/ton)

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SLIDE 32

End Product Possibilities End Product Possibilities

  • Acetic Acid

Acetic Acid Uses: photo film, vinyl acetate, vinegar Uses: photo film, vinyl acetate, vinegar CH CH3

3OH + CO

OH + CO CH CH3

3COOH

COOH Sale Price: $800/ton Sale Price: $800/ton

  • results from CH

results from CH3

3OH that results from

OH that results from H H2

2 ($2500/ton)

($2500/ton)

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SLIDE 33

End Product Comparison End Product Comparison

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Hydrogen Ammonia Synthetic Fuel Methanol Polycarbonates

Sale Price ($/ton) Price ($/ton MSW) Revenue ($ MM/yr)

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SLIDE 34

Product Possibilities Product Possibilities

  • Ammonia

Ammonia

  • Polycarbonates

Polycarbonates

  • Synthetic Fuel

Synthetic Fuel

  • Methanol

Methanol

  • Dimethyl Ether

Dimethyl Ether

  • Acetic Acid

Acetic Acid

  • Hydrogen

Hydrogen

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SLIDE 35

Synthetic Gas Synthetic Gas

0.6% N2 12.5% CO2 47.9% H20 5.7% CH4 20.8% CO 12.5% H2 Composition Component

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SLIDE 36

Hydrogen Plant Hydrogen Plant

Steam Reformation Water-Gas Shift CO2 Removal Pressure Swing Adsorption Syngas H2O CO2 CO, CO2, CH4, N2 99.999% Pure H2 H2O

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Steam Reformation Steam Reformation

  • Coal fired furnace
  • Heat Load of 140 Million Btu/hr
  • Steam:Methane = 8
  • 170 tubes, 5-in ID, 40 ft. long
  • 380,000 lbs Nickel-Alumina Catalyst

CH4 + H2O 3H2 + CO CO + H2O CO2 + H2 OVERALL REACTION:

CH4 + 2H2O CO2 + 4H2

∆HRX = 84,000 Btu/lbmol T=1600 °F P = 20 atm 33.8 MM Btu/hr

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SLIDE 38

Hydrogen Plant Hydrogen Plant

Syngas: 24% H2 39.9% CO 10.9% CH4 24% CO2 1.2% N2 56% H2 15.8% CO 0.1% CH4 26.9% CO2 0.9% N2

Steam Reformation

3050 lbmol/hr 4380 lbmol/hr

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SLIDE 39

Water Water-

  • Gas Shift

Gas Shift

  • 300,000 lbs Chromia-

promoted iron catalyst

  • Steam:CO = 8
  • 4 X 36ft reactors

– 100 tubes – 3-in ID

  • 2 X Heat Exchangers
  • Flash Drum

CO + H2O CO2 + H2

36.8 MM Btu/hr 9.8 MM Btu/hr

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SLIDE 40

Hydrogen Plant Hydrogen Plant

H2O H2O 56% H2 15.8% CO 0.1% CH4 26.9% CO2 0.9% N2 62.3% H2 1.5% CO 0.1% CH4 0.2% H2O 35.2% CO2 0.8% N2

Water-Gas Shift

4380 lbmol/hr 4960 lbmol/hr

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SLIDE 41

CO CO2

2 Removal

Removal

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Hydrogen Plant Hydrogen Plant

62.3% H2 1.5% CO 0.1% CH4 0.2% H2O 35.2% CO2 0.8% N2

CO2 Removal

4960 lbmol/hr 3203 lbmol/hr 96.4% H2 2.3% CO 0.2% CH4 0.2% H2O 0% CO2 1.2% N2

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Pressure Swing Adsorption Pressure Swing Adsorption

W=1022.2 HP

W=5551.58 HP

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Hydrogen Plant Hydrogen Plant

Pressure Swing Adsorption

99.99% Pure Hydrogen 3090 lbmol/hr 3203 lbmol/hr 96.4% H2 2.3% CO 0.2% CH4 0.2% H2O 0% CO2 1.2% N2

slide-45
SLIDE 45

MSW Processing Plant MSW Processing Plant Capital Costs Capital Costs

  • Based on plant processing 1500 TPD

Based on plant processing 1500 TPD MSW MSW

  • Capital Investment

Capital Investment

– – Purox Pyrolysis Plant Purox Pyrolysis Plant – – Hydrogen Production Plant Hydrogen Production Plant

  • Production Costs

Production Costs

– – Operating Costs Operating Costs – – Transportation Costs Transportation Costs

slide-46
SLIDE 46

Purox Pyrolysis Capital Costs Purox Pyrolysis Capital Costs

149.6 55.5 TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 4.21 1.56 Working Capital 6.90 2.56 Startup Costs 11.59 4.30 Interest during construction 126.9 47.1 Construction $ millions $ millions Item 2004 1975

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SLIDE 47

Hydrogen Capital Costs Hydrogen Capital Costs

$24,900,676 Total Equipment Costs

$3,700,000 Storage Tanks X 12 $1,500 Heat Exchanger $3,000,000 Compressor Storage/Production $2,201,000 PSA PSA stuff $485,000 Refrigerator $114,000 Pump $3,400,000 CO2 Storage Tank $126,000 Flash Drum X 3 $964,000 Compressor X 4 $26,000 Slump Tank $312,000 Turbine $1,694,000 Stripper CO2 Removal $112,000 Flash Drum $8,000 Heat Exchanger $1,029,776 High Temp. Reactor X 4 Water-Gas Shift $2,000,000 Steam Reformer $5,727,400 Compressor Steam Reformation

slide-48
SLIDE 48

Waste to Hydrogen TCI Waste to Hydrogen TCI & Production Costs & Production Costs

  • TCI of Plant

TCI of Plant – – $300 million $300 million

  • Production Costs

Production Costs – – $56 million/year $56 million/year – – Utilities, Catalysts, Labor Utilities, Catalysts, Labor – – Do not account for transportation costs Do not account for transportation costs

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SLIDE 49

Deterministic Model Deterministic Model

  • Advance the previous deterministic model

Advance the previous deterministic model

  • New additions:

New additions:

– – Refined Plant Investment & Production Costs Refined Plant Investment & Production Costs – – Allowed plants to expand by incorporating Allowed plants to expand by incorporating new capital costs new capital costs – – Updated contracts and locations Updated contracts and locations – – Developed new transportation costs Developed new transportation costs

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SLIDE 50

Refined Plant Investment & Refined Plant Investment & Production Costs Production Costs

y = 0.0358x - 3.9913

$0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 5000 10000 15000

Capacity, TPD TPC, Millions

Scaled Up Operating Costs Scaled Up Operating Costs Scaled Up TCI Scaled Up TCI

y = 0.1356x - 20.722

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 5000 10000 15000

Capacity, TPD FCI, millions $

slide-51
SLIDE 51

Contracts & Locations Contracts & Locations

  • Updated contracts

Updated contracts

– – Many contracts recently expired Many contracts recently expired

  • Reconfigured mileage

Reconfigured mileage

– – Account for highways and driving times Account for highways and driving times – – More accurate mileage from transfer More accurate mileage from transfer location to possible facilities location to possible facilities

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SLIDE 52

Plant Transportation Costs Plant Transportation Costs

  • MSW Semi-Dump Trucks
  • H2 Tanker Trucks

)) / (# * ( ) / ( # )) / (# * ( ) / ( #

2 2

2

day trips Capacity day H trucks day trips Capacity day waste trucks

trucks H produced H MSWtrucks MSW

= =

  • MSW Trucks

– Capacity = 15 tons of waste – $80,000 each – Mileage = 6 miles/gallon – Lifetime = 1MM miles +

  • H2 Tanker Trucks

– Capacity = 4.5 tons hydrogen – Tube Trailer = $340,000 – Truck Cab = $110,000

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SLIDE 53

Private Enterprise Private Enterprise

  • Private

Private

– – Model will determine profitability based on Model will determine profitability based on NPW NPW – – Determine if ROI is greater than 10% Determine if ROI is greater than 10% – – Raise money through investors Raise money through investors

  • Public as an alternative

Public as an alternative

– – Raise money through municipal bonds Raise money through municipal bonds – – Model will determine minimum disposal fee Model will determine minimum disposal fee with out process losing money with out process losing money

slide-54
SLIDE 54

Mathematical Model Mathematical Model

  • Pre

Pre-

  • determined Factors

determined Factors

– – Process: Pyrolysis Process: Pyrolysis – – Final Product: Hydrogen Final Product: Hydrogen

  • Implement deterministic, stochastic

Implement deterministic, stochastic mathematical model for logistic planning mathematical model for logistic planning

slide-55
SLIDE 55

Deterministic Model Pyrolysis- TCI & Operating Cost Material Balances, Objectives, & Constraints

Hydrogen- TCI

Processing/ Production Plant Consumers Ownership Transportation Size/Capacity Public Private Location Expansions at time t, plant j Transfer of wastes from transfer station to plant Transfer of products to consumers

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SLIDE 56

Importance of Model Importance of Model

  • Aid in planning of process

Aid in planning of process

– – Implement and control the most efficient and cost Implement and control the most efficient and cost-

  • effective flow of materials in relation to time

effective flow of materials in relation to time – – Account for current MSW disposal contracts Account for current MSW disposal contracts – – Encompass transport of MSW and final products Encompass transport of MSW and final products – – Execute the right number, location, and capacity of Execute the right number, location, and capacity of plants plants – – Incorporate expansions in relation to time, money, Incorporate expansions in relation to time, money, and the amount of trash and the amount of trash

slide-57
SLIDE 57

Private Plant Locations Private Plant Locations

Oxford, NJ Hempstead, NY Islip, NY Babylon, NY

Charlespoint, NY Huntington, NY

slide-58
SLIDE 58

Private: Annual Waste Processed Private: Annual Waste Processed compared to Waste Available compared to Waste Available

  • By 2014, 86% of MSW is

processed

  • Over 20 year span, 78% of

MSW available is processed

  • 197 MSW Semi-Trucks

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

year

MM tons/y

Waste Processed Waste Available

slide-59
SLIDE 59

Private: Waste Processed/ Private: Waste Processed/ Expansions at Each Plant Expansions at Each Plant

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Amount of Waste Processed (tons/day)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Year

Oxford, NJ Hempstead, NY Islip, NY Babylon, NY Huntington, NY Charlespoint, NY

07 08 09 10 13 15

slide-60
SLIDE 60

Private: Revenue Private: Revenue and Operating Costs and Operating Costs

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027 year ($MM/y) Total Revenue Total Operating Costs

slide-61
SLIDE 61

Private: Cumulative Cash Private: Cumulative Cash

  • Total Capital Investment (20

years)= $2.0 MMM

  • NPW (20 years)= $198 MM
  • Return on Investment

= 12.5%

  • 508 Hydrogen Tankers
  • Disposal Fee $45/ton
  • Saves City of New York over

$54MM/y

  • $2
  • $1

$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027 year $MMM/y

slide-62
SLIDE 62

Investment Strategy

  • Private Feasible

– Total Capital Investment (20 years) =$2.0 MMM – NPW (20 years) =$198 MM – Return on Investment =12.5%

slide-63
SLIDE 63

Public as an Alternative

slide-64
SLIDE 64

Public Plant Locations Public Plant Locations

Oxford, NJ Hempstead, NY Islip, NY Babylon, NY

Charlespoint, NY Huntington, NY

slide-65
SLIDE 65

Public: Cumulative Cash Public: Cumulative Cash

  • $1.50
  • $1.00
  • $0.50

$0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027 year Cash Savings($MM/year

B1 B2 B3

slide-66
SLIDE 66

Public: Cumulative Cash Public: Cumulative Cash with Bonds with Bonds

  • $1.00
  • $0.50

$0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027 year Cash Savings($MM/year

B1 B2 B3

slide-67
SLIDE 67

Public: Bonds Public: Bonds

All bonds are 10 year bonds at 4% interest

  • Bond 1

– Amount issued in 2007 = $974 MM – Pay off amount (w/interest) = $1.44 MMM

  • Bond 2

– Amount issued in 2011 = $136 MM – Pay off amount (w/interest) = $201 MM

  • Bond 3

– Amount issued in 2014 = $30 MM – Pay off amount (w/interest) = $44 MM

  • Total Amount in Bonds = $1.14 MMM
  • Total Interest Paid = $5.5MM
slide-68
SLIDE 68

Public: Annual Waste Processed Public: Annual Waste Processed compared to Waste Available compared to Waste Available

  • By 2015, 84% of MSW is

processed

  • Lifetime 69% waste processed
  • No taxes
  • Fee charged to city $35/ton saves

city $75 MM/y

  • TCI = $1.9 MMM

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

year

MM tons/y Waste Processed Waste Available

slide-69
SLIDE 69

Questions