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Saeid Shiukhi, Mahmoud Raeini, Vida Chalavi Sari Agricultural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Saeid Shiukhi, Mahmoud Raeini, Vida Chalavi Sari Agricultural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
COLORED PLASTIC MULCH MICROCLIMATES AFFECT STRAWBERRY FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY Saeid Shiukhi, Mahmoud Raeini, Vida Chalavi Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University IRAN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT GROWTH &
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Pla lant t Lig ight Envi vironment
PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)
400-700nm
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Photoreceptors
A) Photosynthesis
- a. Chlorophylls
- b. Carotenoids
- Energy Transfer
- Light ----> Chemical Energy
B) Photomorphogenesis
- a. Red / Far-Red Reversible
- b. Phytochrome
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Chlorophyll a & b: absorb blue light (450 nm), red light (680-700)
Blue Light Sensitive System Red Light Sensitive System
Pla lant t Lig ight Envi vironment
Photosynthesis
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Pla lant t Lig ight Envi vironment
Photomorphogenesis
Lig ight det etermines or
- rgans mor
- rphology, whic
ich is is co controlled by by pig pigment phytochrome Phytochrome absorbs red (660nm) and far-
red (730nm) wavelenghs Pigment form changes by absorbing each wavelength
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Pla lant t Lig ight Envi vironment
Phytochrome Light Absorption
650 650-670 0 nm nm 705 705-740 nm
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Colored Mulches
- Due to different light wave reflections by colored plastic
mulches, they affect plants in different ways
- The phytochrome protein is an enzyme that is very
receptive to surrounding color, and has an effect on where carbon is partitioned to in plants
- Phytochrome acts as a competitive tool for plants. When
- ther plants are close by, plants “sense” the presence
because of what light rays they receive
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Phytochrome
- Dark
Red Dark P ------->Pr ----------------> Pfr ------> Response <--------------- Far-Red
- Molecular Switch
- Pfr - Active Form
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Phytochrome Structure
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Energy Balance over Plastic Mulch
4 mulch 4
- bjects
surounding 4 sky n
T T T ) r 1 )( q Q ( R
Solar Short Wave Radiation
Long Wave Radiation
4 mulch
T r ) q Q (
Reflected Short Wave Radiation from Mulch
Outgoing Long Wave Radiation from mulch
P S E H Rn
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Complete Randomized Block Design Treatments: 3 Replication: 5 rows on each raised bed
Conducted in IRAN, Caspian Sea Province of Mazandaran, From Fall 2010 to Spring 2011
Experimental Design
1) Red Plastic Mulch 2) Black Plastic 3) White Plastic 4) Conventional Method
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Thermal & Radiation Properties of Plastic Mulches
black soil red white
r r r r
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Experiment view
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White Red Plastic Black Control Treatments fruit view
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Fruit Size Categories
1, > 35 mm 2, 25 - 35 mm 3, 22 - 25 mm 4, < 22, deformed rotted - 25 m
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Soil te temperatures
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Fruit Wei eight, t, Harvest t Tim ime & Mulc lches
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Tota tal Fruit it Wei eight t ove ver dif iffe ferent t Mulc lches
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Tota tal Fruit it Numbers ove ver dif iffe ferent Mulc lches
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Graded Fruit t Numbers ove ver dif iffe ferent Mulc lches
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Mean to tota tal l Graded Fruit t Numbers alo long Treatments
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Experimental treatments
Control White plastic Black Plastic Red Plastic Anthocyanin 25.3c 64.3ab 59.3b 84.5a
Flavonoid
7.43 ± 0.30b 7.63 ± 0.54b 7.73 ± 0.15ab 8.57 ± 0.56a
IC50
**
3.10 ± 1.17ab 2.83 ± 0.80b 3.97 ± 1.17a 3.37 ± 1.35ab Phenolic compounds 53.0 ± 9.2a 55.7 ± 4.8a 54.0 ± 0.8a 54.1 ± 8.9a
Str trawberry Phyto tochmical Conte tents ts
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Conclusion:
The results of this research indicate that plastic mulches improve: 1) Fruit yield 2) Fruit size 3) Fruit numbers per plant 4) Fruit antioxidant contents 5) Early ripening Among the red plastic has more beneficial
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