S USTAINABLE C OLD C HAIN , E NERGY EFFICIENCY AND R EFRIGERANTS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SUSTAINABLE COLD CHAIN, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND REFRIGERANTS MANAGEMENT DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

NOVEMBER 2015

Didier COULOMB INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION www iifiir org INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION ― www.iifiir.org

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PLAN PLAN

1) Increasing needs of refrigeration ) 2) The energy issue 3) The refrigerants issue 4) IIR actions and partnerships

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Refrigeration is everywhere

• Cryogenics (petrochemical refining, steel

industry, space industry, nuclear fusion…)

everywhere

• Medicine and health products (cryosurgery,

anaesthesia, scanners, vaccines…)

• Air conditioning (buildings, data centres…)
• Food industry and the cold chain
• Energy sector (including heat pumps, LNG,

hydrogen ) hydrogen…)

• Environment (including carbon capture and

storage), public works, leisure activities…

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1/ Increasing needs 1/ Increasing needs in developing and emerging countries

• 1,600 US deaths per year are due to pathogens, at

least partly associated with poor temperature control with many more in “developing” countries. According to a WHO report (2008) refrigeration and

emerging countries

g p ( ) g improved hygiene have reduced stomach cancer by 89% in men and 92% in women since 1930 in the USA.

• A growth in global population, particularly in Africa

A growth in global population, particularly in Africa and South Asia (9‐10 billion in 2050, about 8 billion in developing countries).

• 70% (50% now) will be in urban areas (doubling in

developing countries) increasing the need for cold developing countries), increasing the need for cold chains due to longer distances between production sites and markets and progressively more westernized models (meat...)

Farmers in Kyrgyzstan. Credit: UNPEI

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Increasing needs

800 000 l d i h d

in developing and emerging

• 800 000 people are undernourished
• 23% of food losses are caused by a

lack of refrigeration (vs 9% in developed countries) excluding

countries

developed countries) excluding consumers losses

• If equivalent losses as in developed

countries food supply + 15% / need in countries, food supply + 15% / need in 2050 = +70%

• Food losses means wastes of water,

soils and energy soils and energy

• Refrigerated capacity storage: 10 fold

in developed countries (figures IIR and FAO)

Farmers in Kyrgyzstan. Credit: UNPEI

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(figures IIR and FAO)

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Comparison of available cold storage capacity per inhabitant in

Countries Ethiopia United Republic of Namibia South Africa

Comparison of available cold storage capacity per inhabitant in some sub‐Saharan African countries

p Tanzania Capacity (litres /inhabitant in urban area) 2 2 5,1 15 urban area)

Sources: IARW, 2012 Nota Nota: data for 2012, except for South Africa, where the capacity is indicated for 2008

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A recent MIT study showed mortality during hot days (temperatures higher than 32°C) decreased by 80% between 1900‐1959 and 1960‐2004 i th US Th d ti f id ti l i diti i l i in the US: « The adoption of residential air‐conditioning explains essentially the entire decline in the temperature‐mortality relationship » The IPCC forecasts an increase in air conditioning of 75% until 2100 The IPCC forecasts an increase in air conditioning of 75% until 2100

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Increasing needs especially in emerging and developing countries means increase in developing countries means increase in environmental impact

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2/ the energy issue :

Energy consumption in refrigeration equipment, including air conditioning equipment must be reduced

2/ the energy issue :

conditioning equipment, must be reduced. Latest estimation*: 17% of worldwide electricity consumption (even more in Middle East countries due to air‐conditioning use), lack of energy resources and indirect global warming impact (the most energy resources, and indirect global warming impact (the most important one). use of renewables, insulation, better energy efficiency …. (*) IIR Informatory Note to be published

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( ) y p

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3/ The refrigerants issue 3/ The refrigerants issue

• Phase out of HCFCs
• Restrictions concerning HFCs

New policy to be implemented, taking into account increasing needs of p y p , g g refrigeration + energy consumption

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4/ IIR actions and partnerships 4/ IIR actions and partnerships

• in developed countries

‒ European research projects: FRISBEE, Cool Save, REAL Alternatives Documents available via the IIR website WWW.iifiir.org, free of h charge ‒ IIR scientific and technical conferences: the next IIR conference Sustainability and the Cold Chain in New Zealand (April 7‐9, 2016) ‒ Fridoc database

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IIR actions and partnerships

• in developing countries

‒ Partnerships with FAO and UNIDO IIR/FAO policy brief, IIR guide p / p y , g

• n cold storage (underway)

FAO project Meeting Urban Food Needs with IIR participation (underway) ( y) ‒ Partnership with CIHEAM publications (latest one: CIHEAM Watchletter September 2015) Partnership with UNEP currently organization of a seminar in ‒ Partnership with UNEP currently, organization of a seminar in Tunisia in March 2016 with the IIR Working group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries

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