Robo sapiens Robo sapiens The Forefront of AI? CPSC 433 Christian - - PDF document

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Robo sapiens Robo sapiens The Forefront of AI? CPSC 433 Christian - - PDF document

Robo sapiens Robo sapiens The Forefront of AI? CPSC 433 Christian Jacob Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Calgary Christian Jacob, University of Calgary Christian Jacob, University of


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CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

CPSC 433 Christian Jacob

  • Dept. of Computer Science
  • Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

University of Calgary

Robo sapiens The Forefront of AI?

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Robo sapiens

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Challenges

  • f the Physical W
  • rld

The physical world we live in is very demanding especially for robots.

  • Inaccessibility
  • Articial sensors are still imperfect or too perfect.
  • Nondeterminism
  • A robot needs to deal with uncertainty.

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Challenges

  • f the Physical W
  • rld 2
  • Nonepisodicity
  • Eects of an action change over time.
  • Dynamics
  • Robots need to decide when to think and when to

act immediately.

  • Continuity
  • States and actions are drawn from a continuum of

physical congurations and motions.

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

What are Robots Good For?

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Finemotion boundederror planning
  • Assumes bounds on sensor and actuator uncertainty.

Partial knowledge of the environment is known to the

system.

Most of the planning is done oine. Used for planning small, precise motions of assembly

robots.

Motion Planning

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SLIDE 2

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Assembly Robot

FineMotion Planning

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Manufacturing and Materials Handling

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Cell / map decomposition
  • Break continuous space into a nite number of

discrete search problems.

  • Skeletonization
  • Compute a unidirectional skeleton subset of the

conguration space ==> graph search problem

Navigation

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Landmarkbased navigation
  • This method assumes that some regions exist in

which the robot location can be pinpointed using landmarks.

  • Outside those regions there may only be orientation

information.

Navigation & Motion Planning

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Landmark Navigation

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Gofer Service Robots

Bell & Howell Mail Mobile

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CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Online Algorithms
  • The robot makes decisions at run time no need for
  • ine planning.
  • This method assumes that the environment is

completely unknown, and has to be explored.

  • The robot is usually equipped with a position sensor

and knows the location of its goal.

Navigation & Motion Planning

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Exploration

Nomad Carnegie Mellon University

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Nomad CMU, 1997

Exploration

Text

http://www2.cs.cmu.edu/lri/nav97.html CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Mars Pathnder Sojourner Mars Pathnder Sojourner

Online Algorithm

Rover Mars Mission 2004

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

More Robot Examples

Useful and curious ...

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Lunokhod Moon Robot

Hazardous Environments

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SLIDE 4

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Dante II Frame W alking Robot

Hazardous Environments

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Wheelbarrow: Bomb Disposal Robot

Telepresence

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Advanced Tethered V ehicl

Telepresence

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

ARTEMIS: Advanced Robot & Telemanipulator System for Minimal Invasive Surgery

Telepresence

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Sigourney W eaver in the movie Aliens

Augmentation of Human Abilities

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Augmentation of Human Abilities

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CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Eectors: tools for action
  • Locomotion
  • Manipulation

What Makes Robots W

  • rk?

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Sensors: tools for perception
  • Proprioception
  • Force sensing
  • Tactile sensing
  • ...

What Makes Robots W

  • rk?

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

MITs 3D Hopper 1984

Locomotion

http://www.computerthai.or.th/Technology/MIT robots/mit_robots.html CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Spring Flamingo MIT

Proprioception

http://www.computerthai.or.th/Technology/MIT robots/mit_robots.html CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Spring Flamingo MIT, 19962000

Proprioception

http://www.computerthai.or.th/Technology/MIT robots/mit_robots.html CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Proprioception

M2, Bipedal W alker MIT, 2001present

http://www.computerthai.or.th/Technology/MIT robots/mit_robots.html

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SLIDE 6

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

MIT T

  • uch Lab

Haptics

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Sensors: tools for perception
  • Proprioception
  • Force sensing
  • Tactile sensing
  • Sonar
  • Camera, visual perception

What Makes Robots W

  • rk?

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Peoplebots ActivMedia

Sonar Sensors

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Fast Eye Gimbals MIT

Camera Sensors

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

MIT

Kisme

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Robots in our Daily Lives

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CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

LOGO Robot

Seymour Papert

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

AIBO Sony and RoboCup

Robot Teams

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Ichiro Kato, W aseda University, Tokyo 198084

W ABOT2: Organ Player

In 1984, Waseda University presented the Wabot-2. This machine was the first attemps of specializing a robot in domestic use. The chosen activity was music, and the Wabot-2 got worldwide famous as the first robot in the world which played piano.

http://cdecas.free.fr/robots/wabot.php

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

V acuum Robot

Roomba Robotic Floor V ac

CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

Lawn Mowing ...

Friendly Robotics: Robomow

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CPSC 433 Articial Intelligence: An Introduction Christian Jacob, University of Calgary

  • Menzel, P

., and DAlusio, F. 2000. Robo sapiens Evolution of a New Species. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

  • Kurzweil, R. 1990. The Age of Inteigen
  • Machines. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

References