Rider Blood Alcohol in Thailand Motorcycle Crashes James V. Ouellet - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rider Blood Alcohol in Thailand Motorcycle Crashes James V. Ouellet Head Protection Research Laboratory Paramount, CA 90723 USA Vira Kasantikul, M.D. Silpakorn University Nakhon-Pathom, 73000 Thailand

Two subpopulations: Alcohol-involved vs. non-alcohol crashes • Non-alcohol crashes in Thailand were very different from non-alcohol crashes in Los Angeles. • But alcohol-involved crashes were very similar in both study areas.

Accident time for drinkers and non-drinkers in Thailand, 3-hour rolling average 16 14 No alcohol or drugs Alcohol or drugs used 12 Percent 10 8 6 4 2 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 Accident hour (24 hour clock)

Accident time for drinkers and non-drinkers in Hurt study, 3-hour rolling average 14 Non-drinkers (n=773) 12 Drinkers (n=103) 10 Percent 8 6 4 2 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 Accident hour (24 hour clock)

Most common accident configurations among non-drinkers Los Angeles (n = 773) Thailand (n = 683) Rank Configuration Percent Configuration Percent 1 23.0 11.1 2 14.0 9.2 3 9.2 8.3 4 8.7 8.3 5 8.2 7.5 OV Motorcycle

Most common accident configurations among drinking riders Los Angeles (n = 102) Thailand (n = 393) Rank Configuration Percent Configuration Percent 1 38.8 21.4 2 13.6 15.0 3 10.7 7.9 4 4.9 6.4 5.1 5 3.9 (tie)

Loss of control mode, drinkers vs. non- drinkers in Thailand & Hurt study Loss of No alcohol Alcohol involved control Los Angeles Thailand Los Angeles Thailand mode ( n=773 ) ( n=683 ) ( n=103 ) ( n=393 ) Capsize 4.7 % 3.4 % 4.9 % 4.8 % Slide-out 22.8 % 6.0 % 20.4 % 8.4 % High-side 1.9 % 0.6 % 3.9 % 1.0 % Ran off road 6.3 % 2.2 % 23.3 % 15.8 % 1.8 % 0.7 % 4.9 % 1.8 % Other No Loss 62.5 % 87.0 % 42.7 % 68.2 %

Major traffic violations Alcohol No alcohol involved Major traffic violations Los Los Thailand Thailand Angeles Angeles 12 % 25 % 22 % 51 % Running red light Riding in opposing lane 3.6 % 6.7 % 9.3 % 12 %

Rider or OV driver error in multiple vehicle crashes Thailand - 75.6 24.4 Drinking riders Los Angeles - 72.2 27.8 Drinking riders Rider error OV driver error Thailand - 49.4 50.6 Non-drinkers Los Angeles - 39.7 60.3 Non-drinkers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent

Cumulative percent distribution of rider Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) 100 90 Cumulative percent 80 70 60 50 40 All riders (n=372) 30 All riders with BAC>0 (n=229) 20 10 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 >350 Rider BAC, mg/dL

Rider inattention as a function of rider BAC 100 90 80 70 Percent 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 - 49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC, mg/dl

Single vehicle, ran-off-road and loss-of-control crashes, by BAC level 60 Single vehicle Lost control 50 Ran off road 40 Percent 30 20 10 0 0 1 - 49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ BAC level, mg/dl

Object struck by motorcycle as a function of rider BAC 90 Other vehicle in traffic Parked vehicle 80 Roadway, roadside object Animal, pedestrian, other 70 Percent of group 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1-49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC, mg/dl

Rider error as primary or sole cause factor by BAC, all crashes 140 Primary cause (n=372) 120 Sole cause (n=135) 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 - 49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC, mg/dl

Primary cause factor by BAC in multiple vehicle crashes 140 120 Rider error (n=292) OV driver error (n=259) 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 - 49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC, mg/dl

Minimum BAC level that differs significantly from non-drinkers 120 Lower Median Upper 100 BAC, mg/dl 80 60 40 20 0 Attention Rider error PCF Hit roadside object OV error PCF Single vehicle Loss of control Ran off road Rider sole cause Ran red light

Motorcycle precrash speed by rider BAC, 25th, 50th & 75th percentile 70 Precrash speed, km/hr 60 50 40 30 20 25th %ile speed Median speed 10 75th %ile speed 0 0 1-49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC, mg/dl

Motorcycle crash speed by BAC group, 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles 60 50 Speed, km/hr 40 30 20 10 25 %ile 50 %ile 75 %ile 0 0 001-049 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC group

Medical treatment by BAC level 70 Minor treatment 60 Hospitalized Fatal 50 Percent 40 30 20 10 0 0 1-49 50-79 80-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250+ Rider BAC group

As BAC increases: 1. Rider inattention goes up regularly 2. Loss of control crashes go up regularly 3. Single-vehicle & run-off-road crashes increase greatly, but hold steady at BAC > .05% 4. Rider error as primary or sole cause doubles above BAC > .05% 5. Speeds remain steady 6. Minor crashes decrease, and serious and fatal crashes increase