teen driving and motor teen driving and motor vehicle
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Teen Driving and Motor Teen Driving and Motor Vehicle Crashes Vehicle Crashes Crash Statistics Crash Statistics 2006 2006 Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Nationwide Nationwide 2006 2006


  1. Teen Driving and Motor Teen Driving and Motor Vehicle Crashes Vehicle Crashes

  2. Crash Statistics Crash Statistics � 2006 2006 – – Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes � Nationwide Nationwide � 2006 2006 – – Over 770 Killed In Crashes In Over 770 Killed In Crashes In � NJ NJ � 2006 2006 – – Over 300,000 Crashes Over 300,000 Crashes � Reported In NJ Reported In NJ

  3. Cause of Death Age 16- -20 20 Cause of Death Age 16 NHTSA 2003 NHTSA 2003 � # 1 # 1 - - MV Traffic Crashes (5,988) MV Traffic Crashes (5,988) � � # 2 # 2 – – Homicide (2,489) Homicide (2,489) � � # 3 # 3 – – Suicide (1,813) Suicide (1,813) � � # 4 # 4 - - Accidental Poisoning (752) Accidental Poisoning (752) � � # 5 # 5 – – Cancer (749) Cancer (749) �

  4. Cause of Death Age 16- -20 20 Cause of Death Age 16 NHTSA 2003 NHTSA 2003 6000 5000 MV C ras h 4000 Homicide 3000 S uicide 2000 Pois on 1000 C ancer 0 2003

  5. MV Crashes # 1 Cause of MV Crashes # 1 Cause of Death for Youths 16- -20 20 Death for Youths 16 � Approx 1/3 Of All Deaths In This Age Approx 1/3 Of All Deaths In This Age � Group. Group. � More Than # 2 More Than # 2 - - # 5 Combined # 5 Combined � � Why? Why? � – Inexperience Inexperience – – Easily Distracted Easily Distracted – � Driver Inattention # 1 Cause Of Fatal Driver Inattention # 1 Cause Of Fatal � Collisions In NJ Collisions In NJ

  6. What Can We Do? What Can We Do?

  7. The Three E’s The Three E’s � Engineering Engineering � � Enforcement Enforcement � � Education Education �

  8. Avoiding Crashes Avoiding Crashes � We Must Know Our Limitations We Must Know Our Limitations � � Human Limitations Human Limitations � � Vehicle Limitations Vehicle Limitations �

  9. Human Limitations Human Limitations � Physical Limitations Physical Limitations � � Mental Limitations Mental Limitations �

  10. Three Collisions Three Collisions Human Limitations Human Limitations � Vehicle Collision Vehicle Collision � – Initial Crash Initial Crash – � Human Collision Human Collision � – Body Into Interior Of Vehicle Body Into Interior Of Vehicle – � Internal Collision Internal Collision � – Internal Injuries/Lacerations Internal Injuries/Lacerations – – Transection Transection of Aorta of Aorta – – Brain Injuries Brain Injuries –

  11. Cranial Cavity Cranial Cavity

  12. Three Collisions Three Collisions

  13. Three Collisions Three Collisions Human Limitations Human Limitations � Speed Kills? Speed Kills? � – Sudden Stop Sudden Stop – – Tremendous Forces Tremendous Forces – � Multiply Weight By Speed Multiply Weight By Speed � – Delta V (Velocity Change) Delta V (Velocity Change) – – Occupant Restraints Increase Time Occupant Restraints Increase Time – During Delta V During Delta V

  14. Reducing Forces of the Reducing Forces of the Human Collision Human Collision � Occupant Restraints Occupant Restraints � � Seat Belts Seat Belts � � Air Bags Air Bags �

  15. Occupant Restraints Occupant Restraints Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision � Decrease Injury By Increasing Delta V Decrease Injury By Increasing Delta V � Time Time � Hold Occupants In Place During Hold Occupants In Place During � Collision Collision � Unrestrained Occupants Act As Human Unrestrained Occupants Act As Human � Bullets Bullets

  16. Occupant Restraints Occupant Restraints Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision � Lap Belt Lap Belt � – Hold Occupant In Position Hold Occupant In Position – � Shoulder Harness Shoulder Harness � – Stops Jack Knife Effect Stops Jack Knife Effect – � Air Bag Air Bag � – Prevents Head Strikes Prevents Head Strikes –

  17. Perception And Reaction Perception And Reaction Human Limitations Human Limitations � What Is It? What Is It? � – Time Needed To Perceive And React Time Needed To Perceive And React – – No Instant Reactions No Instant Reactions – � How Long? How Long? � – 1.5 Seconds Average 1.5 Seconds Average – � Daytime Daytime � � Experienced Drivers Experienced Drivers �

  18. Visual Acuity Visual Acuity Human Limitations Human Limitations � Eye Function Eye Function � – Rods Vs Cones Rods Vs Cones – � Rods Rods � – Are More Sensitive Are More Sensitive – – Not Sensitive To Color – Not Sensitive To Color � Cones Cones � – Sensitive to Color Sensitive to Color – – Fovea Fovea Centralis Centralis (All Cones) (All Cones) –

  19. Visual Acuity Visual Acuity Human Limitations Human Limitations

  20. Conspicuity At Night Conspicuity At Night � Reduced Lighting Reduced Lighting � – Shades Of Grey Shades Of Grey – – Over Driving Headlights Over Driving Headlights – – Pedestrian Visibility Pedestrian Visibility –

  21. Vehicle Limitations Vehicle Limitations � Traction Traction � � Braking Braking � � Lateral Acceleration (Cornering) Lateral Acceleration (Cornering) �

  22. Vehicle Handling Vehicle Handling � Friction And Handling Friction And Handling � – Friction Circle Friction Circle – � Straight Roads Straight Roads � � Curves Curves � – Inertial Forces Inertial Forces – – Critical Curve Speed Critical Curve Speed –

  23. Friction Circle Friction Circle

  24. Limitations Limitations � Human Human � � Vehicle (Mechanical) Vehicle (Mechanical) � � Driving Is A Learned Behavior Driving Is A Learned Behavior � � New Drivers Need More Time To React New Drivers Need More Time To React � � More Time More Time � – Increased Following Distances Increased Following Distances – – Reduced Speeds Reduced Speeds –

  25. Perception And Reaction Perception And Reaction Human Limitations Human Limitations � What Is It? What Is It? � – Time Needed To Perceive And React Time Needed To Perceive And React – – No Instant Reactions No Instant Reactions – � How Long? How Long? � – 1.5 Seconds Average 1.5 Seconds Average – � Daytime Daytime � � Experienced Drivers Experienced Drivers �

  26. Perception And Reaction Perception And Reaction � More Time Needed For: More Time Needed For: � – Night Night – – Inexperienced Drivers Inexperienced Drivers – – Adverse Weather Adverse Weather – � Following Distance Following Distance � – 2 Seconds 2 Seconds – – More For New Drivers More For New Drivers –

  27. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � Speed Is A Contributing Factor In Most Speed Is A Contributing Factor In Most � Serious And Fatal Crashes Serious And Fatal Crashes � Speed Increases Stopping Distance Speed Increases Stopping Distance � – Perception/Reaction Perception/Reaction – – Braking Braking – � Speed Decreases Speed Decreases Percep Percep/React Time /React Time � � Speed + Reduced Visibility = Bad Speed + Reduced Visibility = Bad � – Night, Rain, Snow, Fog Night, Rain, Snow, Fog –

  28. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � How Fast Are We Really Going How Fast Are We Really Going � � MPH or FPS MPH or FPS � � MPH * 1.466 = FPS MPH * 1.466 = FPS �

  29. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � MPH vs. FPS MPH vs. FPS � � 25mph = 36.65fps 25mph = 36.65fps � � 35mph = 51.31fps 35mph = 51.31fps � � 45mph = 65.97fps 45mph = 65.97fps � � 55mph = 80.63fps 55mph = 80.63fps � � 65mph = 95.29fps 65mph = 95.29fps � � 75mph = 109.95fps 75mph = 109.95fps �

  30. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � Perception/Reaction Distance Perception/Reaction Distance � � Speed * 1.466 * 1.5 sec Speed * 1.466 * 1.5 sec � � 25mph 25mph – – 54.9 Feet 54.9 Feet � � 35mph 35mph – – 76.9 Feet 76.9 Feet � � 45mph 45mph – – 98.9 Feet 98.9 Feet � � 55mph 55mph – – 120.9 Feet 120.9 Feet � � 65mph 65mph – – 142.9 Feet 142.9 Feet � � 75mph 75mph – – 164.9 Feet 164.9 Feet �

  31. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � Braking Distance Braking Distance � � Dependent on Speed and Surface Dependent on Speed and Surface � Friction Friction � Lower Friction Increases Braking Lower Friction Increases Braking � Distance Distance � Dry Roads Have Highest Friction Dry Roads Have Highest Friction �

  32. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � Roadway Friction Values (Approx) Roadway Friction Values (Approx) � � Dry Pavement f= 0.6 to 0.8 Dry Pavement f= 0.6 to 0.8 � � Wet Pavement f= 0.45 to 0.65 Wet Pavement f= 0.45 to 0.65 � � Snow Covered f= 0.3 to 0.55 Snow Covered f= 0.3 to 0.55 � � Ice Covered f= 0.05 to 0.2 Ice Covered f= 0.05 to 0.2 �

  33. Speed I ssues Speed I ssues � Braking Distance Braking Distance � Formula Formula 2 S = D 30 f

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