Teen Driving and Motor Teen Driving and Motor Vehicle Crashes - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Teen Driving and Motor Teen Driving and Motor Vehicle Crashes - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 18, 2023 113 likes •537 views

Teen Driving and Motor Teen Driving and Motor Vehicle Crashes Vehicle Crashes Crash Statistics Crash Statistics 2006 2006 Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Nationwide Nationwide 2006 2006

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SLIDE 1

Teen Driving and Motor Teen Driving and Motor Vehicle Crashes Vehicle Crashes

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SLIDE 2

Crash Statistics Crash Statistics

  • 2006

2006 – – Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Over 43,000 Killed In Crashes Nationwide Nationwide

  • 2006

2006 – – Over 770 Killed In Crashes In Over 770 Killed In Crashes In NJ NJ

  • 2006

2006 – – Over 300,000 Crashes Over 300,000 Crashes Reported In NJ Reported In NJ

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SLIDE 3

Cause of Death Age 16 Cause of Death Age 16-

  • 20

20

NHTSA 2003 NHTSA 2003

  • # 1

# 1 -

  • MV Traffic Crashes (5,988)

MV Traffic Crashes (5,988)

  • # 2

# 2 – – Homicide (2,489) Homicide (2,489)

  • # 3

# 3 – – Suicide (1,813) Suicide (1,813)

  • # 4

# 4 -

  • Accidental Poisoning (752)

Accidental Poisoning (752)

  • # 5

# 5 – – Cancer (749) Cancer (749)

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SLIDE 4

Cause of Death Age 16 Cause of Death Age 16-

  • 20

20

NHTSA 2003 NHTSA 2003

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 2003 MV C ras h Homicide S uicide Pois

  • n

C ancer

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SLIDE 5

MV Crashes # 1 Cause of MV Crashes # 1 Cause of Death for Youths 16 Death for Youths 16-

  • 20

20

  • Approx 1/3 Of All Deaths In This Age

Approx 1/3 Of All Deaths In This Age Group. Group.

  • More Than # 2

More Than # 2 -

  • # 5 Combined

# 5 Combined

  • Why?

Why?

– – Inexperience Inexperience – – Easily Distracted Easily Distracted

  • Driver Inattention # 1 Cause Of Fatal

Driver Inattention # 1 Cause Of Fatal Collisions In NJ Collisions In NJ

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SLIDE 6

What Can We Do? What Can We Do?

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SLIDE 7

The Three E’s The Three E’s

  • Engineering

Engineering

  • Enforcement

Enforcement

  • Education

Education

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SLIDE 8

Avoiding Crashes Avoiding Crashes

  • We Must Know Our Limitations

We Must Know Our Limitations

  • Human Limitations

Human Limitations

  • Vehicle Limitations

Vehicle Limitations

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SLIDE 9

Human Limitations Human Limitations

  • Physical Limitations

Physical Limitations

  • Mental Limitations

Mental Limitations

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SLIDE 10

Three Collisions Three Collisions

Human Limitations Human Limitations

  • Vehicle Collision

Vehicle Collision

– – Initial Crash Initial Crash

  • Human Collision

Human Collision

– – Body Into Interior Of Vehicle Body Into Interior Of Vehicle

  • Internal Collision

Internal Collision

– – Internal Injuries/Lacerations Internal Injuries/Lacerations – – Transection Transection of Aorta

  • f Aorta

– – Brain Injuries Brain Injuries

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SLIDE 11

Cranial Cavity Cranial Cavity

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SLIDE 12

Three Collisions Three Collisions

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SLIDE 13

Three Collisions Three Collisions

Human Limitations Human Limitations

  • Speed Kills?

Speed Kills?

– – Sudden Stop Sudden Stop – – Tremendous Forces Tremendous Forces

  • Multiply Weight By Speed

Multiply Weight By Speed

– – Delta V (Velocity Change) Delta V (Velocity Change) – – Occupant Restraints Increase Time Occupant Restraints Increase Time During Delta V During Delta V

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SLIDE 14

Reducing Forces of the Reducing Forces of the Human Collision Human Collision

  • Occupant Restraints

Occupant Restraints

  • Seat Belts

Seat Belts

  • Air Bags

Air Bags

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SLIDE 15

Occupant Restraints Occupant Restraints

Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision

  • Decrease Injury By Increasing Delta V

Decrease Injury By Increasing Delta V Time Time

  • Hold Occupants In Place During

Hold Occupants In Place During Collision Collision

  • Unrestrained Occupants Act As Human

Unrestrained Occupants Act As Human Bullets Bullets

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SLIDE 16

Occupant Restraints Occupant Restraints

Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision Reducing The Effect Of The Human Collision

  • Lap Belt

Lap Belt

– – Hold Occupant In Position Hold Occupant In Position

  • Shoulder Harness

Shoulder Harness

– – Stops Jack Knife Effect Stops Jack Knife Effect

  • Air Bag

Air Bag

– – Prevents Head Strikes Prevents Head Strikes

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SLIDE 17

Perception And Reaction Perception And Reaction

Human Limitations Human Limitations

  • What Is It?

What Is It?

– – Time Needed To Perceive And React Time Needed To Perceive And React – – No Instant Reactions No Instant Reactions

  • How Long?

How Long?

– – 1.5 Seconds Average 1.5 Seconds Average

  • Daytime

Daytime

  • Experienced Drivers

Experienced Drivers

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SLIDE 18

Visual Acuity Visual Acuity

Human Limitations Human Limitations

  • Eye Function

Eye Function

– – Rods Vs Cones Rods Vs Cones

  • Rods

Rods

– – Are More Sensitive Are More Sensitive – – Not Sensitive To Color Not Sensitive To Color

  • Cones

Cones

– – Sensitive to Color Sensitive to Color – – Fovea Fovea Centralis Centralis (All Cones) (All Cones)

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SLIDE 19

Visual Acuity Visual Acuity

Human Limitations Human Limitations

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SLIDE 20

Conspicuity At Night Conspicuity At Night

  • Reduced Lighting

Reduced Lighting

– – Shades Of Grey Shades Of Grey – – Over Driving Headlights Over Driving Headlights – – Pedestrian Visibility Pedestrian Visibility

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SLIDE 21

Vehicle Limitations Vehicle Limitations

  • Traction

Traction

  • Braking

Braking

  • Lateral Acceleration (Cornering)

Lateral Acceleration (Cornering)

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SLIDE 22

Vehicle Handling Vehicle Handling

  • Friction And Handling

Friction And Handling

– – Friction Circle Friction Circle

  • Straight Roads

Straight Roads

  • Curves

Curves

– – Inertial Forces Inertial Forces – – Critical Curve Speed Critical Curve Speed

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SLIDE 23

Friction Circle Friction Circle

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SLIDE 24

Limitations Limitations

  • Human

Human

  • Vehicle (Mechanical)

Vehicle (Mechanical)

  • Driving Is A Learned Behavior

Driving Is A Learned Behavior

  • New Drivers Need More Time To React

New Drivers Need More Time To React

  • More Time

More Time

– – Increased Following Distances Increased Following Distances – – Reduced Speeds Reduced Speeds

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SLIDE 25

Perception And Reaction Perception And Reaction

Human Limitations Human Limitations

  • What Is It?

What Is It?

– – Time Needed To Perceive And React Time Needed To Perceive And React – – No Instant Reactions No Instant Reactions

  • How Long?

How Long?

– – 1.5 Seconds Average 1.5 Seconds Average

  • Daytime

Daytime

  • Experienced Drivers

Experienced Drivers

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SLIDE 26

Perception And Reaction Perception And Reaction

  • More Time Needed For:

More Time Needed For:

– – Night Night – – Inexperienced Drivers Inexperienced Drivers – – Adverse Weather Adverse Weather

  • Following Distance

Following Distance

– – 2 Seconds 2 Seconds – – More For New Drivers More For New Drivers

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SLIDE 27

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Speed Is A Contributing Factor In Most

Speed Is A Contributing Factor In Most Serious And Fatal Crashes Serious And Fatal Crashes

  • Speed Increases Stopping Distance

Speed Increases Stopping Distance

– – Perception/Reaction Perception/Reaction – – Braking Braking

  • Speed Decreases

Speed Decreases Percep Percep/React Time /React Time

  • Speed + Reduced Visibility = Bad

Speed + Reduced Visibility = Bad

– – Night, Rain, Snow, Fog Night, Rain, Snow, Fog

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SLIDE 28

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • How Fast Are We Really Going

How Fast Are We Really Going

  • MPH or FPS

MPH or FPS

  • MPH * 1.466 = FPS

MPH * 1.466 = FPS

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SLIDE 29

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • MPH vs. FPS

MPH vs. FPS

  • 25mph = 36.65fps

25mph = 36.65fps

  • 35mph = 51.31fps

35mph = 51.31fps

  • 45mph = 65.97fps

45mph = 65.97fps

  • 55mph = 80.63fps

55mph = 80.63fps

  • 65mph = 95.29fps

65mph = 95.29fps

  • 75mph = 109.95fps

75mph = 109.95fps

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SLIDE 30

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Perception/Reaction Distance

Perception/Reaction Distance

  • Speed * 1.466 * 1.5 sec

Speed * 1.466 * 1.5 sec

  • 25mph

25mph – – 54.9 Feet 54.9 Feet

  • 35mph

35mph – – 76.9 Feet 76.9 Feet

  • 45mph

45mph – – 98.9 Feet 98.9 Feet

  • 55mph

55mph – – 120.9 Feet 120.9 Feet

  • 65mph

65mph – – 142.9 Feet 142.9 Feet

  • 75mph

75mph – – 164.9 Feet 164.9 Feet

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SLIDE 31

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Braking Distance

Braking Distance

  • Dependent on Speed and Surface

Dependent on Speed and Surface Friction Friction

  • Lower Friction Increases Braking

Lower Friction Increases Braking Distance Distance

  • Dry Roads Have Highest Friction

Dry Roads Have Highest Friction

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SLIDE 32

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Roadway Friction Values (Approx)

Roadway Friction Values (Approx)

  • Dry Pavement f= 0.6 to 0.8

Dry Pavement f= 0.6 to 0.8

  • Wet Pavement f= 0.45 to 0.65

Wet Pavement f= 0.45 to 0.65

  • Snow Covered f= 0.3 to 0.55

Snow Covered f= 0.3 to 0.55

  • Ice Covered f= 0.05 to 0.2

Ice Covered f= 0.05 to 0.2

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SLIDE 33

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Braking Distance

Braking Distance Formula Formula

f S D 30

2

=

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SLIDE 34

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Dry Pavement Braking (f= 0.7)

Dry Pavement Braking (f= 0.7)

  • 25mph

25mph – – 29.7 Feet 29.7 Feet

  • 35mph

35mph – – 58.3 Feet 58.3 Feet

  • 45mph

45mph – – 96.4 Feet 96.4 Feet

  • 55mph

55mph – – 144 Feet 144 Feet

  • 65mph

65mph – – 201.1 Feet 201.1 Feet

  • 75mph

75mph – – 267.8 Feet 267.8 Feet

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SLIDE 35

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

50 100 150 200 250 300 S peed 25 35 45 55 65 75

Dry Pavement Braking (f= 0.7)

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SLIDE 36

Speed I ssues Speed I ssues

  • Slide to Stop

Slide to Stop

  • Different Surfaces at 45mph

Different Surfaces at 45mph

  • Dry

Dry -

  • 96.4 Feet (f= 0.7)

96.4 Feet (f= 0.7)

  • Wet

Wet – – 122.7 Feet (f= 0.55) 122.7 Feet (f= 0.55)

  • Snow

Snow – – 168.7 Feet (f= 0.4) 168.7 Feet (f= 0.4)

  • Ice

Ice – – 337.5 Feet (f= 0.2) 337.5 Feet (f= 0.2)

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SLIDE 37

Total Stopping Distance Total Stopping Distance

  • Combine

Combine

– – Perception/Reaction Distance Perception/Reaction Distance – – Braking Distance Braking Distance

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SLIDE 38

Stopping Distance Stopping Distance

Dry Pavement Dry Pavement

  • Percep

Percep/React + Braking= Total Stop D /React + Braking= Total Stop D

  • 25mph

25mph – – 84.6 Feet 84.6 Feet

  • 35mph

35mph – – 135.2 Feet 135.2 Feet

  • 45mph

45mph -

  • 195.3 Feet

195.3 Feet

  • 55mph

55mph – – 264.9 Feet 264.9 Feet

  • 65mph

65mph – – 344 Feet 344 Feet

  • 75mph

75mph – – 432.7 Feet 432.7 Feet

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SLIDE 39

Big Brother I s Watching Big Brother I s Watching

  • Crash Reconstruction

Crash Reconstruction

  • Calculating Speed From:

Calculating Speed From:

– – Tire Marks Tire Marks – – Crush Damage Crush Damage – – Momentum Analysis Momentum Analysis – – Computer Modeling Computer Modeling

  • Air Bag Module

Air Bag Module

  • Car Chip

Car Chip

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SLIDE 40

Legal Consequences Legal Consequences

  • Tickets

Tickets

  • Suspension

Suspension

  • Increased Insurance Costs

Increased Insurance Costs

  • Criminal Consequences

Criminal Consequences

– – Accident While Suspended Accident While Suspended – – Vehicular Assault Vehicular Assault – – Vehicular Homicide Vehicular Homicide

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SLIDE 41