Reviving the Himalayan Springs Smt. Sarika Pradhan, Additional - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dhara Vik ikas “ Reviving the Himalayan Springs”

• Smt. Sarika Pradhan, Additional Secretary,

Rural Management and Development Department Government of Sikkim

Impact of climate change on the water sector

Monsoons Lean season

 Springs on upper reaches dry up and volume of discharge on lower reaches reduces.  Water scarcity during lean season - the most pressing needs in most of the villages  Women & children spent best part

• f their time fetching water for

household need

Provid ide us us water, we we wi will tak ake care of

• f agric

gricult lture and and livestock

Landscape of Himalayan Villages Springs are the only source for drinking water More than 80% of rural population depend on springs Spring water is rain water Dynamic Problem

Springs are drying up Perennial to seasonal Less rainfall Erratic downpour and high surface runoff Less than 15% rainfall percolates to recharge the aquifers More than 430 village falls under rain shadow area of Darjeeling hill Impact on Livelihood, Health and Sanitation

Can we revive our drying springs?

Concerns of water security

Vulnerability Assessment at Gram Panchayat level

Artificial recharge to revive springs by harvesting rainwater Reviving dried up hill top lakes Increasing base flow of the critical springs by rainwater harvesting Exploring possibility of harnessing stream water for meeting household and irrigation. Increasing water storage capacity by building household and village level reservoirs Formation of Water Users Associations (WUAs) Pricing and regulation Periodical census of all the minor irrigation schemes after every four years Adoption of innovative techniques viz. Drip and Sprinkler irrigation Proposal for enforcement of Irrigation water Tax

Following were the strategies recommended to address Climate Change concerns to ensure water security as per SAPCC

SAPCC Highlights for Water Sector in Sikkim

About Dhara Vikas- A Climate Change Adaptive Experiment

2008-2011:

• Conceptualized the programme
• Developed human resource
• Prepared spring atlas
• Better understanding of springs
• Vulnerability assessment of gram panchayats
• Initiated pilots focusing on individual springs

2012 onwards:

• Shifted from spring-shed to landscape projects
• Executed projects in larger area
• Improved understanding
• Knowledge management and sharing
• BARC isotope fingerprinting study
• CDAC hydro-geologic modeling study

Develop local capacity Para hydro-geologists Village Spring Atlas

www.sikkimsprings.org

Ge Get str trong base aselin ines of spring discharge and rainfall

Eight steps methodology

Focus on source (individual springs)

Focus on resource (aquifer)

Tendong hill in South Sikkim

120 hec out of 1000 ha taken up at recharge areas in 2013-14. Technical study by ACWADAM, supported by GIZ

Recharge structures: Staggered Trenches & Recharge Ponds Effectiveness Hydrograph of a spring Micro-placement of recharge structures

Sad adam lan landscape project Hill top forest- a case study

Sad adam , , Mel elli li da dara an and Lung ungchok , , Tam amle le ch chaur (10 (100 he hec)

Before

• Households located in upper belt faced acute crises of water

during lean season

• Transported 4000 liters of water twice a week from river downstream with

average household cost of Rs. 3200 per month. After

• Springs in upper Melli dara has revived and become perennial which has

helped the villagers to save Rs. 1.28 lakhs per month.

• Today there are more than 60 poultry farms producing 58,000 poultry stock

in the span of 45-50 days.

• Dairy farming has developed in the large scale in the village.

Deythang Dhara-Vikas Project

20 40 Jan/09 Feb/09 Mar/09 Apr/09 May/09 Jan/10 Feb/10 Mar/10 Apr/10 May/10 Jan/11 Feb/11 Mar/11 Apr/11 May/11 Jan/12 Feb/12 Mar/12 Apr/12 May/12 Jan/13 Feb/13 Mar/13 Apr/13 May/13 Jan/14 Feb/14 Mar/14 Apr/14 May/14 Jan/15 Feb/15 Mar/15 Apr/15 May/15 Jan/16 Feb/16 Mar/16 Apr/16 May/16 Jan/17 Feb/17 Discharge in LPM Lean Months

Lean Period Discharge of Kharkhare Kolsha, Deythang West Sikkim

Discharge in LPM Average Lean period Discharge Jan 2009 - May 2010 Average Lean Period Discharge Jan 2011- Feb 2017

Nam amthang Dhar hara-Vik ikas Proje

• ject

La Lake revival

Dolling Lake Nagi Lake

OUTCOME

More than 58 springs & 2 dried hill top lakes revived, 4 dried-up lake converted to recharge structure Resulted in approximately 1035 million litres of ground water recharge annually 41316 person days of employment generated through MGNREGS Developed 12 para-hydrogeologists to bridge the knowledge gap on hydro-geology Independent study by IISC Bangalore claims that Dhara-Vikas has led to increment in Spring discharge by 10 to 15% Initiative was recognized as one of the permissible activity by Planning commission Documented in best practice resource book of UNDP 2014 &2015 Based on Sikkim’s experience Niti Aayog has constituted National Committee to frame ` National Spring Development policy

Government Ownership

The Dhara Vikas “ Springs Revival” programme is implemented under the National Flagship Program “ Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

• A Programme cell has been constituted under Rural Management & Development

Department, Government of Sikkim to look into Dhara Vikas Work

• A Cadre of Resource Person / Para hydro-geologist have been developed by the

department

• State Institute of Rural Development (Autonomous Institute) have been entrusted for

capacity Building of Dhara Vikas

• Sikkim model of Dhara Vikas “ Springs revival” has also been made permissible under

MGNREGA across all mountain state

• The technical support are provided by other agencies like ACWADAM, PSI, WWF-

India, CDAC, National Institute of Hydrology etc

Replication and Upscaling

• Preparation of village water security plans for 430 drought prone villages under NAFCC and implementation of

adaptation measures – Ongoing

• set-up critical zone observatory for the springs by instrumenting critical springs by automatic gauges with the

support from UNDP – Proposal accepted.

• Development of Decision support system for spring-shed development using hydro-geological modelling with

CDAC - Ongoing.

• Taking-up intensive research on hydrogeology of springs and aquifer characteristics in collaboration with CDAC

Pune and Dept. Of Geology University of Pune - Started.

• Android based springs database management system GIS mapping of all spring sources of drought prone areas

in collaboration with UNDP & CDAC -Completed

Ongoing projects & Future Plans Village level water resource map

More than 2000 springs mapped on GIS platform with UNDP-SDC Support

Nagpur, 17 Feb 2018, Bhu Jal Manthan, Mrs. Sarika Pradhan, Adl. Secy, RM&DD Delhi, 6th Feb 2018, Minister- Water Resources, Mrs. Sarika Pradhan, Adl. Secy, RM&DD Thimpu, 26th Dec 2017, Workshop, Mrs. Sarika Pradhan Adl. Secy & Dr. S. Dhakal OSD Guwahati, 15th Sept 2017, Nabard Workshop for NE States, Dr. S. Dhakal OSD RM&DD New Delhi, 8th August 2017, Niti Aayog, Dr. S. Tambe, IIFM & Dr. S. Dhakal OSD RM&DD Jorethang, 7th June 2017, Forest Officials Himachal Pradesh, OSD RM&DD New Delhi, 2nd February 2017- NRM Workshop, Mrs. Sarika Pradhan, Adl. Secretary RMDD New Delhi, 31st January 2017 – NWHRS, Dr. Subash Dhakal, OSD RMDD Guwahati, 13th January 2017, NABARD workshop, Dr. Subash Dhakal OSD RM&DD Shillong, 19-20th December 2016, SDG-Niti Aayog, Binod Adhikari, DE Project RMDD Dehradun, 21-22 June 2016 – Dr. Subash Dhakal, OSD RMDD New Delhi, 24 Feb 2016 – Int. CCA, Mrs. Sarika Pradhan, JS- RMDD Gangtok, 26 NOV 2015 – HI Aware, Mrs. Sarika Pradhan, JS- RMDD Gangtok, 24 Nov 2015 Springs initiative meet, Dr. S. Dhakal, RMDD Nagaland, 30 Oct 2015, by Mr. Pem Norbu Sherpa, DVC, RMDD Itanagar, 8th Oct 2015, SMDS, by Dr. S.Dhakal, OSD, RMDD Kathmandu, Aug 2015, by Dr. S. Dhakal, OSD RMDD Uttarkhand, May 2015, by Dr. S. Dhakal,OSD RMDD Orrisa, April 2015, by Mr. Pem Norbu Sherpa,DVC, RMDD Kathmandu, Feb 2015 by Mr. Pem Norbu, RMDD Jammu, 21st Aug 2014 by Mr. Sandeep Tambe, Special Secretary, RMDD Nagaland, 7th May 2014 by Mr. Tashi Chophel, ADC, RMDD Mizoram, 19th March 2014 by Mr. Manoj Pradhan, ADPC, RMDD Uttarakhand, 5th March 2014 by Mrs. Sarika Pradhan, JS-RMDD Meghalaya, on 3rd March 2014 by Mr. Pem Norbu Sherpa, DVC RMDD Assam, 20th Jan 2014 by Mr. Sandeep Tambe, Special Secretary Manipur, 16th Jan 2014 by Mr. Sandeep Tambe, Special Secretary Himachal 28 Oct 2013 by Mr. Sandeep Tambe, Special Secretary

Knowledge Sharing

Sikkim MGNREGA team invited to present Dhara Vikas Initiatives to Hon’ble Union Minister, Shri. Nitin Gadkari Ministry of Water Resource at New Delhi on on 6th February, 2018 Workshop in Thimpu, Bhutan, Dec 2017 Workshop in Kathmandu, Aug 2015

Based on Sikkim’s model Meghalaya is working on project worth Rs. 250 million under NAFCC Sikkim’s springs initiative partners - ACWADAM, Chirag and People’s Science Institute (PSI) are already working in Uttarakhand, Nagaland and Mizoram. NABARD has extended its watershed management programme in north east India based on spring shed development approach. Royal Government of Bhutan is replicating the works

• f Sikkim with the support from RM&DD, ICIMOD

and ACWADAM

Study team ICIMOD ,2017 Study team –officers from Royal Govt of Bhutan 2014 Study team Megalaya & Nagaland 2015

Visit by MoRD Officers

Springs workshop on 16th and 17th March 2018 , Gangtok Participants from 22 organisations

Comin ing together for a common cause

PLA LANNING PARTNERSHIP PIL ILOT & & P PROJE JECT CTS

“Those who carry their

• wn water will only

realize the value of each drop of water”

Thank You