Review of DNA ( D eoxyribo n ucleic a cid) What do you remember from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nov 05, 2022 198 likes •433 views

Review of DNA ( D eoxyribo n ucleic a cid) What do you remember from Biology? Who are these people? James Watson and Francis Crick 1953 Determined the structure of DNA using Rosalind Franklins data Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962

SLIDE 1

Review of DNA

(Deoxyribonucleic acid)

SLIDE 2

What do you remember from Biology?

SLIDE 3

Who are these people?

SLIDE 4

James Watson and Francis Crick

1953 – Determined the structure of DNA using

Rosalind Franklin’s data

Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962

SLIDE 5

What is DNA?

SLIDE 6

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Nucleic acid
Consists of monomers called nucleotides
Found in all cells, some organelles, and some

viruses

SLIDE 7

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Stores genetic

information

Determines an
rganisms traits by

directing the synthesis of proteins

Each organisms

genome is unique

SLIDE 8

SLIDE 9

Structure of DNA

SLIDE 10

Structure of DNA

Double helix
Consists of a double strand of nucleotides
Sides: Alternating deoxyribose sugars and

phosphates

Center: Complementary nitrogenous bases
Two strands are anti-parallel

– 5’ to 3’ – 3’ to 5’

SLIDE 11

SLIDE 12

A Note About the Phosphates

DNA is a negatively charged molecule because
f the phosphate groups
Important property in gel electrophoresis

SLIDE 13

Gel Electrophoresis

SLIDE 14

Nucleotide Composition

Three parts of a nucleotide

– 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose –Phosphate group –A single nitrogenous base

SLIDE 15

Four Nitrogenous Bases

Purines (double ring)

– Adenine (A) – Guanine (G)

Pyrimidines (single ring)

– Thymine (T) – Cytosine (C)

SLIDE 16

Purines pair with Pyrimidines

SLIDE 17

Chargaff’s Rules (Base Pairing)

A-T (2 hydrogen bonds)
C-G (3 hydrogen bonds)

SLIDE 18

Bonds Within a DNA Molecule

SLIDE 19

Phosphodiester bonds

join nucleotides together along the sides of the DNA molecule (type of covalent bond)

Hydrogen bonds join

the two DNA strands together in the center

f the molecule

SLIDE 20

Phosphodiester Bond

SLIDE 21

DNA and Genes

Only 2% of the human genome is protein coding
A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that contains

instructions for synthesizing a particular protein

The sequence of nucleotides in an organisms genome

is unique

SLIDE 22

Human Genome Project

Began in 1990, completed in April 2003
Approximately 20,000 genes in the human genome
3 billion base pairs