Admit Ticket VIDEO CLIP "D-N-A" by SUNG SCIENCE Video Clip The DNA Song (Parody of Fetty Wap - Trap Queen) Video Clip DUE TODAY DUE 2/13/17 CLASSWORK: HOMEWORK: OPEN BINDER/NOTE Student Weekly TEST #3 (2ND HOUR 2/7/16) Grade Tracking #24 http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg Agenda Item Agenda Item
DUE 2/13/17 Pop Quiz EXTRA CREDIT: CELL ANALOGY PROJECT http://www.powerpointhintergrund.com/uploads/new-year-ppt-background-8.jpg Agenda Item http://cdn.tristro.net/catalog/883/full/188015.jpg https://blog.prepscholar.com/hubfs/body_testinprogress.gif?t=1484754694564 Why does it matter to you? DNA, RNA and Proteins • DNA is the “blueprint” from which all living things are The Structure of DNA made, so understanding DNA is key to understanding life.
DNA: The Genetic Material Griffith’s Discovery of Transformation • 2 separate strains of bacteria • 1800s, Gregor Mendel showed that traits are passed from parents – S Strain- caused pneumonia, covered by a capsule of to offspring. polysaccharides • Many years later, scientists have discovered how these traits are • Mice that were injected with the S Strain died passed on. • Mice that were inject with heat-killed S bacteria did not – The instructions for inherited traits are called genes. die but capsule was still present • 1950s, however, scientists did not know what genes were made of. – R Strain-does not cause pneumonia and is not covered by • We now know that genes are made of small segments of capsule of polysaccharides deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA • Mice injected with R bacteria did not die • DNA is the primary material that causes recognizable, inheritable • Mice were injected with R bacteria and the heat-killed S characteristics in related groups of organisms. bacteria did die – Why do you think that this happened? Hershey-Chase Experiment Griffith’s Discovery of Transformation The Hershey- Chase Experiment determined that DNA is the • Griffith had discovered transformation, which is a change in hereditary material, at least in viruses. genotype that is caused when cells take up foreign genetic material . • His experiment led to the conclusion that genetic material could be transferred between cells. • But no one knew that this material was DNA.
The Shape of DNA The Shape of DNA • After the 1950’s most scientists were convinced that genes • How were James were made of DNA, but nothing was known about it’s Watson and Francis structure. Crick able to determine the double-helical • James Watson and Francis Crick pieced together a model of structure of DNA? DNA’s structure -Experiments from • Structure Chargaff, Wilkins – Winding Staircase and Franklin – Nucleotide Subunits • Chargaff- 1949- A=T and G=C -Using technology • Franklin and Wilkins- 1952- high quality X-rays to study the structure of molecules The Shape of DNA The Shape of DNA • A DNA molecule is shaped like a spiral staircase and is composed of two parallel strands of linked subunits. This spiral shape is known as a double helix . • Each nucleotide is made up of three parts 1. Phosphate group 2. Five –carbon sugar molecule 3. Nitrogen-Containing base.
The Information in DNA The Information in DNA • The structure of DNA is very important in the transfer of genetic • Base-Pairing Rules information. • A purine on one strand of a DNA molecule is always paired • The information in DNA is contained in the order of the bases with a pyrimidine on the other strand. • Base-pairing structure allows the information to be copied • Pyrimidines= Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) • Each nucleotide has the same sugar molecule and phosphate • Purines= Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) group, but the nucleotide can have one of four nitrogenous bases • Adenine always pairs with thymine – Nitrogenous Bases Bases • Guanine always pairs with cytosine • Adenine (A) *A and G = purines • Guanine (G) • dictated by the chemical structure • Thymine (T) *T and C= pyrimidines of the bases • Cytosine (C) The Information in DNA The Information in DNA • Paired bases are said to be complementary because they fit together • Example: TATGAGAGT • Example: TATGAGAGT ATACTCTCA Pairing insures that each strand of a DNA molecule contains the same information
Back to your DNA candy model… 4-Corners • Using your candy DNA Adenine Cytosine model, make adjustments to your DNA. Remember to Thymine Guanine look back at your notes to determine any necessary changes. In the Future… 4 Corners Adenine Cytosine • Replication of DNA – Describing the steps of DNA replication Thymine Guanine • 4- Corners asking the following questions: – Comparing the role of DNA helicases and DNA What is the missing complementary base nucleotide for each of the following? polymerases A T C G – What nitrogenous base is considered a purine? – Comparing the process of DNA replication in • Guanine AND adenine prokaryotes and in eukaryotes – What nitrogenous base is considered a pyrimidine? • Thymine and cytosine – In the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is G A G T C, what is the bases in the underlined complementary strand of DNA? Answer: C T C A G
Exit Ticket WORKSHEET HAVE A ( B I N D E R ) NUCLEIC WONDERFUL ACIDS DAY! WORKSHEET (BINDER) http://media1.nordiclifescience.org/2014/08/dna-structure.jpg
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