REVEGETATION REVEGETATION REVEGETATION REVEGETATION SEEDING SEEDING SEEDING SEEDING Or Or The Art of Greening Up Your Work The Art of Greening Up Your Work Bill Awmack P.Ag .
Why Re Why Re - -Seed? Seed? Seed? Why Re Why Re Seed? � Control Erosion � Control Erosion � Control Weed Infestation � Control Weed Infestation � Esthetic Considerations (High Visibility) � Esthetic Considerations (High Visibility)
Part One - - Useful Species Useful Species Part One � Agronomic grasses and legumes � Agronomic grasses and legumes � Native grasses � Native grasses � Forbs and Flowers � Forbs and Flowers Part Two - - Seeding Seeding Part Two � Methods � Methods � Timing � Timing � Seed Mixes � Seed Mixes Part Three - Part Three - Other Erosion Control Methods Other Erosion Control Methods
Agronomic or introduced Agronomic or introduced Agronomic or introduced Agronomic or introduced species species species species
ALFALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA ALFALFA Medicago Medicago spp spp spp. . Medicago Medicago spp � 500,000 seeds / kg � 500,000 seeds / kg � perennial, various root types � perennial, various root types � well adapted � well adapted � good drought tolerance � good drought tolerance � good � good winterhardiness winterhardiness � prefers well drained soils � prefers well drained soils � prefers pH 5.7 and above � prefers pH 5.7 and above
BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL Lotus Lotus corniculatus corniculatus corniculatus Lotus Lotus corniculatus � 815,000 seeds / kg � 815,000 seeds / kg � perennial, rhizomatous � perennial, rhizomatous � low nutrient requirements � low nutrient requirements � excellent tolerance to acid � excellent tolerance to acid soils soils � non � non- -competitive competitive � attractive yellow flower � attractive yellow flower � some drought tolerance � some drought tolerance
WHITE CLOVER WHITE CLOVER WHITE CLOVER WHITE CLOVER Trifolium Trifolium repens repens repens Trifolium Trifolium repens � 1,500,000 seeds / kg � 1,500,000 seeds / kg � perennial � perennial � low growing � low growing � creeps by � creeps by stoloniferous stoloniferous stems stems � fair drought tolerance � fair drought tolerance � good � good winterhardiness winterhardiness � poor saline tolerance � poor saline tolerance
SWEET CLOVER SWEET CLOVER SWEET CLOVER SWEET CLOVER Melilotus Melilotus spp spp. spp . Melilotus Melilotus spp � 570,000 seeds / kg � 570,000 seeds / kg � biennial � biennial � very strong tap root � very strong tap root � tall plant to 2.0 m � tall plant to 2.0 m � adapted to a wide range of � adapted to a wide range of soils soils � good � good winterhardiness winterhardiness � some drought resistance � some drought resistance
TALL FESCUE TALL FESCUE TALL FESCUE TALL FESCUE Festuca Festuca arundinacea arundinacea arundinacea Festuca Festuca arundinacea � 500,000 seeds / kg � 500,000 seeds / kg � widely adapted � widely adapted � pH 5.0 � pH 5.0 - - pH 8.5 pH 8.5 � long lived perennial � long lived perennial � deep rooted � deep rooted � drought resistant � drought resistant � performs on poorly drained � performs on poorly drained soils soils
ORCHARDGRASS ORCHARDGRASS ORCHARDGRASS ORCHARDGRASS Dactylis Dactylis glomerata glomerata glomerata Dactylis Dactylis glomerata � 1,140,000 seeds / kg � 1,140,000 seeds / kg � perennial bunchgrass � perennial bunchgrass � shade tolerant � shade tolerant � moderately drought tolerant � moderately drought tolerant � deep root system � deep root system � prefers well drained soil � prefers well drained soil � easy to establish � easy to establish
RED TOP RED TOP RED TOP RED TOP Agrostis Agrostis alba alba alba Agrostis Agrostis alba � 11,000,000 seeds / kg � 11,000,000 seeds / kg � creeping rooted perennial � creeping rooted perennial � some drought tolerance � some drought tolerance � tolerates wet soils � tolerates wet soils � performs well on acidic soils � performs well on acidic soils � adapted to low fertility soils � adapted to low fertility soils � moderate � moderate winterhardiness winterhardiness
Perennial Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Lolium perenne perenne perenne Lolium Lolium perenne � 480,000 seeds / kg � 480,000 seeds / kg � perennial bunchgrass � perennial bunchgrass � very fast to establish � very fast to establish � short lived � short lived � adapted to moist heavy soils � adapted to moist heavy soils � poor drought tolerance � poor drought tolerance � poor � poor winterhardiness winterhardiness
Crested Wheatgrass Crested Wheatgrass Crested Wheatgrass Crested Wheatgrass Agropyron Agropyron cristatum cristatum cristatum and A. and A. and A. desertorum desertorum desertorum Agropyron Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum � 418,000 to 700,000 � 418,000 to 700,000 seeds / kg seeds / kg � Very long � Very long- -lived lived bunchgrass bunchgrass � Very drought tolerant � Very drought tolerant � Very competitive � Very competitive � Pasture type � Pasture type (A. (A. cristatum cristatum) ) and standard type (A. and standard type (A. desertorum) ) desertorum
Dahurian Dahurian Wildrye Wildrye Wildrye Dahurian Dahurian Wildrye Elymus Elymus dahuricus dahuricus dahuricus Elymus Elymus dahuricus � 176,000 seeds / kg � 176,000 seeds / kg � Short Lived (<5 years) � Short Lived (<5 years) bunchgrass bunchgrass � Very fast establishing � Very fast establishing (used to nurse slow (used to nurse slow � No picture available � No picture available establishing species) establishing species) � Very good drought � Very good drought tolerance tolerance � Good tolerance to saline � Good tolerance to saline conditions conditions
Naturalized or Native Naturalized or Native Naturalized or Native Naturalized or Native species species species species
CREEPING RED FESCUE CREEPING RED FESCUE CREEPING RED FESCUE CREEPING RED FESCUE Festuca Festuca rubra rubra rubra Festuca Festuca rubra � 1,000,000 seeds / kg � 1,000,000 seeds / kg � strongly creeping � strongly creeping � long lived perennial � long lived perennial � survives on acidic soils pH 5 � survives on acidic soils pH 5 � tolerates some flooding � tolerates some flooding � some drought tolerance � some drought tolerance � winter hardy � winter hardy
ALSIKE CLOVER ALSIKE CLOVER ALSIKE CLOVER ALSIKE CLOVER Trifolium Trifolium hybridum hybridum hybridum Trifolium Trifolium hybridum � 1,500,000 seeds / kg � 1,500,000 seeds / kg � perennial, very aggressive � perennial, very aggressive tillering tillering � short lived � short lived � poor drought tolerance � poor drought tolerance � tolerates wet soils � tolerates wet soils � good acid tolerance � good acid tolerance � good companion crop � good companion crop
RED CLOVER RED CLOVER RED CLOVER RED CLOVER Trifolium Trifolium pratense pratense pratense Trifolium Trifolium pratense � 600,000 � 600,000 – – 620,000 seeds / kg 620,000 seeds / kg � short lived perennial � short lived perennial � good � good winterhardiness winterhardiness (single (single cut) cut) � fair tolerance to heavy soils � fair tolerance to heavy soils � fair tolerance to acidic soils � fair tolerance to acidic soils � high seedling � high seedling vigour vigour � fair drought tolerance � fair drought tolerance
Hard Fescue Hard Fescue Hard Fescue Hard Fescue Festuca Festuca duriuscula duriuscula duriuscula Festuca Festuca duriuscula � 1,250,000 seeds / kg � 1,250,000 seeds / kg � Long � Long- -lived lived bunchgrass bunchgrass � Good drought � Good drought tolerance tolerance � Short growing � Short growing � Massive root system � Massive root system
Sheep Fescue Sheep Fescue Sheep Fescue Sheep Fescue Festuca Festuca ovina ovina ovina Festuca Festuca ovina � 1,500,000 seeds / kg � 1,500,000 seeds / kg � Native bunchgrass � Native bunchgrass � Very long � Very long- -lived lived � Very good drought � Very good drought tolerance tolerance � Shorter than hard � Shorter than hard fescue fescue � Tolerant of very poor � Tolerant of very poor sites sites
Idaho Fescue Idaho Fescue Idaho Fescue Idaho Fescue Festuca Festuca idahoensis idahoensis idahoensis Festuca Festuca idahoensis � 992,000 seeds/kg � 992,000 seeds/kg � Native bunchgrass � Native bunchgrass � Long � Long- -lived lived � Good drought � Good drought tolerance tolerance � Poor flood tolerance � Poor flood tolerance
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