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Reuse of Treated Wastewater Towards Sustainable Development Towards Sustainable Development Eng. Nayef Seder Eng. Nayef Seder
is the process of removing contaminants from is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both effluents wastewater and household sewage, both effluents and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse. reuse.
Justification for the use of treated water • • Scarcity of water resources - agriculture occupies Scarcity of water resources - agriculture occupies the most important consumer of water, it is the most important consumer of water, it is necessary to maximize the benefit of a cubic meter necessary to maximize the benefit of a cubic meter of water to meet the needs of different sectors. of water to meet the needs of different sectors. • the treated water is a renewable source. • the treated water is a renewable source. • The increasing demand for drinking water make the • The increasing demand for drinking water make the development of water resources to meet the needs development of water resources to meet the needs of different sectors is imperative. of different sectors is imperative.
Justification for the use of treated water • Contribute to addressing climate change, make the • Contribute to addressing climate change, make the growing problem of water shortages in different growing problem of water shortages in different parts of the world was carried out inevitably did parts of the world was carried out inevitably did not take those responsible for the provision of not take those responsible for the provision of water lead to enact mandatory legislation to resort water lead to enact mandatory legislation to resort to solutions to deal with this problem. It is these to solutions to deal with this problem. It is these solutions that have proved effective re-use of solutions that have proved effective re-use of waste water after treatment . waste water after treatment .
Re-use of treated water offers a solution to the gap Re-use of treated water offers a solution to the gap Re-use of treated water offers a solution to the gap Re-use of treated water offers a solution to the gap existing in the water for the following reasons: existing in the water for the following reasons: existing in the water for the following reasons: existing in the water for the following reasons: 1. Treated water a permanent source. 1. Treated water a permanent source. 1. Treated water a permanent source. 1. Treated water a permanent source. 2. Use in agriculture fills a greater need water- 2. Use in agriculture fills a greater need water- 2. Use in agriculture fills a greater need water- 2. Use in agriculture fills a greater need water- consuming sectors. consuming sectors. consuming sectors. consuming sectors. 3. It’s Quality permit use for unrestricted irrigation 3. It’s Quality permit use for unrestricted irrigation 3. It’s Quality permit use for unrestricted irrigation 3. It’s Quality permit use for unrestricted irrigation purposes in accordance with the guidlines of the purposes in accordance with the guidlines of the purposes in accordance with the guidlines of the purposes in accordance with the guidlines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). and Agriculture Organization (FAO). and Agriculture Organization (FAO). and Agriculture Organization (FAO). • The use of treated water in agriculture to achieve the conditions of wastewater disposal as it helps to protect the environment and public health
• Treated water is a source of some nutrients for • Treated water is a source of some nutrients for plants, this would save the cost of fertilizer to plants, this would save the cost of fertilizer to farmers. farmers. • Use of treated water to fill some of the needs of the • Use of treated water to fill some of the needs of the sector agriculture would reduce the burden of sector agriculture would reduce the burden of demand for fresh water and thus provide quantities demand for fresh water and thus provide quantities of this water for drinking purposes, which occupies of this water for drinking purposes, which occupies strategic priority in the water. strategic priority in the water. According to the majority of water resources experts According to the majority of water resources experts that the re-use of waste water is a strategic that the re-use of waste water is a strategic investment with economic and environmental investment with economic and environmental dimensions, social and political in the long term, and dimensions, social and political in the long term, and are part of the integrated management of water are part of the integrated management of water resources resources
• With the increase the effect of climate change and • With the increase the effect of climate change and desertification and drought phenomena in many desertification and drought phenomena in many regions of the world resort to drain underground regions of the world resort to drain underground water sources at very high rates, it is imperative to water sources at very high rates, it is imperative to accelerate the adoption of the application re-use of accelerate the adoption of the application re-use of treated water. treated water. • In 1992, issued (Dublin Statement / Ireland) • In 1992, issued (Dublin Statement / Ireland) International Conference on Water and the International Conference on Water and the Environment, has appealed that statement all Environment, has appealed that statement all countries, especially those that suffer from receding countries, especially those that suffer from receding in the water to commit to major investments and in the water to commit to major investments and attractive, and campaigns to raise public awareness, attractive, and campaigns to raise public awareness, and legislation to implement the technology re-use of and legislation to implement the technology re-use of treated water at maintaining freshwater resources. treated water at maintaining freshwater resources.
The conference recommended the action at the The conference recommended the action at the local, national and international basis to two local, national and international basis to two guiding principles: guiding principles: • Fresh water is a finite resource and is at risk, • Fresh water is a finite resource and is at risk, which is necessary to sustain life, development which is necessary to sustain life, development and the environment. and the environment. • Water has an economic value in all its uses, and • Water has an economic value in all its uses, and should be recognized as an economic good. should be recognized as an economic good.
Options use of treated wastewater • Irrigate various crops such as grains, vegetables, fruit • Irrigate various crops such as grains, vegetables, fruit trees, forage, pasture, nurseries, landscaping, trees, forage, pasture, nurseries, landscaping, roadside trees, gardens and courtyards of schools, golf roadside trees, gardens and courtyards of schools, golf courses, cemeteries and timber production. courses, cemeteries and timber production. http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0551E/t0551e07.htm#5.%20irrigation%20with%20wastewater http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0551E/t0551e07.htm#5.%20irrigation%20with%20wastewater • Recharge underground and create barriers to prevent • Recharge underground and create barriers to prevent saltwater intrusion (sea) to renewing aquifers to reduce saltwater intrusion (sea) to renewing aquifers to reduce and stop the decline in groundwater levels, and control and stop the decline in groundwater levels, and control or prevention of sinkholes. or prevention of sinkholes. http://www.fao.org/docrep/T http://www.fao.org/docrep/T 0551 0551 E/t E/t 0551 0551 e e 06 06 .htm .htm
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