Restless earth Geology What do you already know about Glue in - - PDF document

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Restless earth

Geology

What do you already know? What do you already know about…

• The structure of the earth
• Convection currents
• Continental drift
• The tectonic plates New Zealand sits on
• Landforms made by the movement of tectonic plates
• The structure of a volcano
• What causes earthquakes?
• What types of waves can earthquakes have
• How are earthquakes measured?

Glue in learning objectives for this unit The structure of the earth (Scipad pg 205) Research mission

• By the end of this lesson you must – create an A4 poster

answering the questions on your sheet + hand in.

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How does this unit fit together?

The earth’s crust consists of large tectonic plates

• Earth’s Crust
• Plate tectonics

Tectonic plates continually move. Plate boundaries are where tectonic plates meet. Volcanoes and earthquakes are associated with boundaries.

• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes

The rock cycle is an ongoing cycle occurring where-ever rocks are found.

• Rock Cycle

Tell me about the earthquake?

10KE Experiences:

• Felt in Waikouaiti
• Animals notices? Maybe?
• Not a big deal in Otago?
• Went for a long time
• 2mwaves
• tsunami warning
• evacuations

What do you do?

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How did you know what’s going on? How do you know what’s going on?

• Radio
• Civil defence website
• Geo net
• Friends and neighbours – look after people!
• Social media – facebook, twitter
• Evacuation sirens and first responders

https://mobile.twitter.com/NZcivildefence ?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5E serp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor

News websites

• https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/nov/14/new-

zealand-earthquake-evacuations-tsnuami-east-coast-south- north-islands?CMP=fb_gu

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What can you do?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQTfF CMYEI4

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Find your mission at:

• www.misswelvaert.wordpress.com

Why does New Zealand get earthquakes?

How does this unit fit together?

The earth’s crust consists of large tectonic plates

• Earth’s Crust
• Plate tectonics

Tectonic plates continually move. Plate boundaries are where tectonic plates meet. Volcanoes and earthquakes are associated with boundaries.

• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes

The rock cycle is an ongoing cycle occurring where-ever rocks are found.

• Rock Cycle

Plate tectonics

• Explain convection currents
• Explain the concept of Continental drift and give evidence
• f it
• Identify the two tectonic plates NZ sits on

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Copy Definitions + draw a diagram: Earthquakes

Epicentre

• The epicentre of an earthquake is the point on the

surface of the earth directly above the focus. Focus

• The focus of an earthquake is where the

earthquake originates Magnitude

• The magnitude is a way of measuring the size of an
• earthquake. The Richter scale measures the amount
• f energy released by an earthquake.

vid Do page 206 in your scipad

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Copy Definitions + draw examples: Plate boundaries

Subduction zone Where two tectonic plates meet and one bends and slides underneath the other, curving down into the mantle. Eg – the Australian plate is subducted under the pacific plate in the south island

• f New Zealand.

Divergent A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Magma— molten rock—rises from the mantle to fill this space. Transforming At transforming plate boundaries the tectonic plates slide past each other. This is happening along the southern alps of New Zealand. Convection currents a current in a fluid that results from convection. "the Pacific Plate is floating, propelled by convection currents deep in the mantle"

Do page 207 + Practical

• Finished?
• Do page 208

Plate tectonics continued…

• Explain convection currents
• Explain the concept of Continental drift and give evidence
• f it
• Identify the two tectonic plates NZ sits on

What are convection currents?

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What are convection currents? Finish scipad pages – up to pg 209 The last of plate tectonics

• Break up Pangea activity
• Finished? Check out the tectonic puzzle – time yourself –

who has the fastest time?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6Nyr78Mqyg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELd3ebldSTs

Making mantle

• Add cornflour to container
• Add a few drops of food colouring
• Slowly add water until the consistency is nearly firm
• The substance should feel hard when pressed upon, but run

like honey when tipped

Can we…?

• Explain convection currents
• Explain the concept of Continental drift and give evidence
• f it
• Identify the two tectonic plates NZ sits on

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Earthquake waves Ways of measuring earthquakes

• The Richter Scale
• The modified Mercalli scale

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Science Exam Volcanoes!

http://nzhistory.govt.nz/ eruption-of-mt-tarawera

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The Tarawera volcano

• Dome volcano within an active caldera
• Central north island volcanic field
• What are the tectonic plates doing there?

Our Volcanic Zone

• Caused by the subduction of the pacific

plate under the Australian plate

• The earths crust is stretched and

thinned throughout the central north island.

Your mission – in your book

• Title: The Tarawera eruption

Write in your own words what happened at Tarawera

• What happened?
• Who was effected?
• How far away did people know about it?

You can make a timeline/ list of bullet points or write in sentences.

Types and parts of volcanoes

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What types of volcanos are there? Describe them What types of volcanos are there?

We are going to get to know 3 main types

• Cone volcanoes
• Volcanic fields
• Caldera volcanoes

…………………….. volcanoes

• These form when a

series of eruptions in

• ne place + sticky lava

build a cone shape above the vent.

• Examples of these are

……………..

• If the lava was more

liquid the shape formed would be a …………….

Volcanic ………………….

• These are created where

small eruptions occur over a wide geographic area, and are spaced over long periods

• f time (thousands of years).
• Each eruption builds a new

single new volcano, which does not erupt again.

• For example: Auckland and

Northland.

……………….. Volcanoes

• These have a history of infrequent

but large eruptions.

• These eruptions create super

craters 10-25 km across, and drop masses of ash and pumice.

• Examples of these are Taupo and

Okatania

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LI - Define the pacific ring of fire and why it occurs

The pacific ring of fire

• Glue in map of the plates
• Watch video
• Write a fact you learned when we pause the video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJS7hGMr0Ws

Have we achieved our objectives?

• Define the pacific ring of fire and why it occurs.
• Describe types of volcano and their shape.
• Describe the structure of volcanoes.
• Explain why we have gentle and explosive eruptions.

Pick a path – rocks or geological time? Rocks

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Hoodoos at Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah Wilderness Area are unique rock formations in north-western part of New

• f about 26 sq kms and this has been declared protected area as a large number of fossils have been

Sedimentary rocks:

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from accumulated sediment

at the bottom of lakes, streams and oceans.

• Sediments can have all kind of things in them including parts
• f other rocks and organic material.
• Sedimentary rocks are the ones fossils form in.
• You can often see layers in sedimentary rocks.
• The sediment may be well compacted together, or crumbly

and ‘soft’

• Could you find sedimentary rocks at the top of a mountain?

Metamorphic

• Metamorphosis – butterflies
• Formed by pressure and heat acting over a long time
• Usually hard
• Often show foliation – leaf like structures like the pages of

a book, or folding

• Eg marble, schist

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Igneous

• Igneous - "ignis" fire – Plutonic and volcanic
• Forms when molten rock (magma or lava) cools.
• Granite – cool slowly - has big crystals

The rock cycle Page 218-219 In your scipad

The beginning of the end

The rest of the Science

Today

• Fossils

Tuesday

• Fossils
• Revision

Wednesday

• Revision

Friday

• Test – with a cheat sheet

Some key words to investigate

• Tectonic plates
• Continental drift
• Subduction zones
• Convection currents
• Collision zones
• Transform faults
• Pacific ring of fire
• Seismic wave
• Epicentre
• Focus
• Richter scale
• Mercalli scale
• Magnitude
• Eruption
• Pyroclastic flow

Make your own fossil

• 1. Choose something to fossilise – find a leaf or make a

creature.

• 2. Label your “lake”
• 3. Build up layers of sediment in your lake and trap your

critter between some layers (I recommend one layer is plaster).

• 4. Leave your rock to solidify

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Fantastic fossils

A whirlwind tour

What kind of rock are fossils found in? What is a fossil and how are they formed?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rkGu0BItKM

Some famous fossils Megalodon

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Archaeopteryx Lucy Make your own fossil

• 1. Choose something to fossilise – find a leaf or make a

creature.

• 2. Label your “lake”
• 3. Build up layers of sediment in your lake and trap your

critter between some layers (I recommend one layer is plaster).

• 4. Leave your rock to solidify

Extracting fossils