Religion, Spirituality and Longevity is Stress Buffering a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Religion, Spirituality and Longevity is Stress Buffering a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Conference on Research in Faith and Health in Secular Society, May 17-19, 2010, University of Southern Denmark Paper Session: Religion and long life what are the confounders, what are explaining variables? Religion, Spirituality and

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Conference on Research in Faith and Health in Secular Society, May 17-19, 2010, University of Southern Denmark

Paper Session: Religion and long life – what are the confounders, what are explaining variables?

Religion, Spirituality and Longevity – is Stress Buffering a Explaining Variable?

René Hefti, M.D.

Head of Psychosomatic Department, Clinic SGM Lecturer for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Bern Research Institute of Spirituality and Health

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  • Medical School at the University of Zurich
  • Clinical training in internal medicine and

noninvasive cardiology

  • Interest in psychosomatic medicine and

religion/spirituality & health

  • Head of psychosomatic department and

lecturer at the University of Bern

  • Head of the Research Institute for

Spirituality and Health (RISH)

Personal Background

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Psychosomatic Department

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  • There is growing evidence

for a link between religion/ spirituality and health (Koenig et al.)

  • There is also evidence

that religious involvement is associated with lower mortality (Chida et al.)

Introduction

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 salutogenetic aspect of religiosity/spirituality

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 not a clear association/influence of r/s

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20% risk reduction in coronary death

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  • Life stile factors = healthier life stile
  • Improved social support, better networks
  • Improved coping behavior, religious coping
  • More positive emotions, optimism
  • better mental health
  • less psychological distress
  • Stress buffering effect of R/S ?

Possible Mechanims

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  • Important concept in psychosomatic medicine
  • Cardiovascular response to mental (Stroop),

social (TSST) and physical challenges

  • Typical measures:
  • Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
  • Blood Pressure (BP), Blood Pressure Variability (BPV)
  • Cardiac output (CO) and pre-ejection period (PEP)
  • Psychophysiological risk factor for cardio-

vascular disease (Hypertension, CAD)

  • Individual differences in cv reactivity are

determined by complex mechanisms (Lovallo)

Cardiovascular Reactivity

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Three level model

  • The fronto-limbic

system (cognitions and emotions)

  • Hypothalamus and

brainstem (regulatory centers, configure

  • utputs to the body)
  • Peripheral Organs

(different response characteristic)

  • Lovallo 2005

Cardiovascular Reactivity

Religiositiy

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CVR and Religiosity

Masters et al. 2004

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CV REACTIVITY PROJECT

Universitiy of Bern Universitiy of Bern

Clinic SGM & RISH Clinic SGM & RISH

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  • Master thesis of Sibylle Probst & Robert Pfandl,

psychology students at the University of Bern

  • 40 patients with mild to severe depression
  • Assessment of medical history and medications

(cardiovascular. psychiatric)

  • Assessment of BDI, SCL, S-R-T (centrality,

emotions towards God) and RCOPE

  • Mental stress testing = Color-Stroop

CV REACTIVITY PROJECT

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Structure of Religiosity Test

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Stress testing / protocol

info Stroop test 1 recov 1 Stroop test 2 recov 2

Verlauf HF

70.00 72.00 74.00 76.00 78.00 80.00 82.00 84.00 86.00 88.00 HF BL HF Stroop1 HF Rec1 HF Stroop2 HF Rec2

baseline We assessed BP (syst/diast), HR and HRV according the following protocol

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Sample characteristics

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Sample Characteristics

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Physiological Parameters

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Physiological Parameters

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Physiological Parameters

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Course of HR/HRV during Stroop

Verlauf HF

70.00 72.00 74.00 76.00 78.00 80.00 82.00 84.00 86.00 88.00 HF BL HF Stroop1 HF Rec1 HF Stroop2 HF Rec2

Verlauf HRV

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 HRV BL HRV Stroop1 HRV Rec1 HRV Stroop2 HRV Rec2

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BP-Reactivity during Stroop

Verlauf SBD

100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 SBD BL SBD Stroop1 SBD Rec1 SBD Stroop2 SBD Rec2

Verlauf DBD

70.00 72.00 74.00 76.00 78.00 80.00 82.00 84.00 86.00 88.00 DBD BL DBD Stroop1 DBD Rec1 DBD Stroop2 DBD Rec2

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Linear Regression Model

Modellzusammenfassung .282a .079 .025 11.01234 .079 1.466 2 34 .245 .282b .080

  • .004

11.17704 .000 .005 1 33 .942 .503c .253 .159 10.22686 .173 7.417 1 32 .010 Modell 1 2 3 R R-Quadrat Korrigiertes R-Quadrat Standardf ehler des Schätzers Änderung in R-Quadrat Änderung in F df1 df2 Änderung in Signifikanz von F Änderungsstatistiken Einflußvariablen : (Konstante), sex Geschlecht, age Alter a. Einflußvariablen : (Konstante), sex Geschlecht, age Alter, BDIeS1 BDI-Wert b. Einflußvariablen : (Konstante), sex Geschlecht, age Alter, BDIeS1 BDI-Wert, RSTeS10 Zentralität c. Aufgenommene/Entfernte Variablen

b

sex Geschlecht, age Alter

a

. Eingeben BDIeS1 BDI-Wert

a

. Eingeben RSTeS10 Zentralität

a

. Eingeben Modell 1 2 3 Aufgenomme ne Variablen Entfernte Variablen Methode Alle gewünschten Variablen wurden aufgenommen. a. Abhängige Variable: DSt1SBD Reaktivität SBD Stroop1-BL b.

Results:

  • Religiosity (centrality)

explained 20% of the variance of BP-reactivity

  • Age, sex and BDI

explained less than 10%

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  • There is evidence for a stress buffering

effect of religiosity on cardiovascular reactivity in depressed patients

  • Clearly for BP-reactivity
  • Possibly also for HR/HRV
  • How does medication influence this

association?

  • Further analyses and testing of the

hypotheses is needed

Discussion /Conclusion