related project works in France Dr. Ya Brigitte ASSOA French - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

France – Hong Kong Workshop on Potential Technologies for Zero Carbon Building Developments 16-17th of october 2013 Building integrated photovoltaic systems and related project works in France Dr. Ya Brigitte ASSOA French National Institute of Solar Energy (INES) of CEA (France) Dr. Leon GAILLARD Thermal Science Centre of Lyon (CETHIL) UMR 5008/INSA/UCB Lyon 1 EDF INSA- Lyon Chair "Habitats & Energy Innovations" (France)

2 Outline • BIPV context in France • The Building Energy Laboratory (LEB) at INES • Examples of BIPV projects at INES – Focus on the project ANR Perrformance BIPV • Double-skin components at INSA-Lyon & CETHIL – Focus on the project: ADEME RESSOURCES ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

3 Rooftop BIPV system: French context  General definition: (see European Construction Product Directive (CPD 89/106/EEC) and SEAC BIPV report 2013). - Integration as part of the building envelope structure - Replacement of conventional building material.  Special features in France:  Fully integrated BIPV system (noted IAB): • - Integration in the roof plane (max 2cm over) of an enclosed building (4 walls); • - Replacement of building materials; • - Insurance of watertightness mainly with PV modules;  Simplified BIPV system (noted ISB): • - PV modules plane have to be parallel to the roof plane of an enclosed building (4 walls); • - Replacement of building materials; - Insurance of watertightness without the PV modules contribution; - Special feeding tariffs according to these conditions ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

4 Market trends of BIPV  Three PV modules technologies mainly used :  glazed and opaque,  glazed and semi transparent,  flexible.  Design of new products suitable for integration (roof, façade, sunshade …): tiles, shingles, curtain walls, blinds, waterproofing membranes ... ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

5 INES scope in Building (Building Energy Laboratory (LEB) activities) BIPV systems Ventilation Facades, roofs IAQ/EAQ Air tightness Solar thermal systems • Individual solar hot water systems • Collective solar water heater with Windows additional fuel boiler • Glazed surfaces • Solar combined systems • Coupling of PV, • Inter-seasonal thermal storage Thermal & Visual • Solar cooling comfort • Passive heat gain • Rolling shutters • Control strategy Thermal • Insulation layers • Thermal exchanges • Structures Water transfers • Thermal Inertia Life cycle analysis (LCA) ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

6 INES Integration platform: Test platform for building and BIPV systems Experimental house #2 Experimental house #1 Cast concrete + ext insulation Concrete blocks (double wall) + intern. insulation Experimental house #3 Wooden frame + integrated insulation PASSYS cells (variable and fixed orientation) Armadillo Box – Concentration Solar Production Solar Decathlon 2010 Model PASSYS cells Experimental house #4 brick house Meterological station + integrated insulation View of Test platform Integration of PV modules into building roofs: residential, industrial and agricultural applications ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

7 Examples of BIPV projects at INES: Rooftop integration on reference houses Avancis Photowatt Luxol Solar Century ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

8 Examples of INES projects on BIPV: Integration into roof (test benches) Main objectives: - Analysis of BIPV systems behaviour in real conditions; - Validation of numerical models. - Meteorological (Irradiation, Tamb, Vwind, Dwind) measurements on test benches. - Aerodynamic, thermal and electrical measurements. Integration of solar PV/T hybrid Integration of PV tiles : residential Integration of flexible polycristallin PV collectors into building roofs: Electrical application modules into a roof membrane: production and preheat air thermal industrial application production for fodder drying: agricultural application ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

9 Examples of INES projects on BIPV: Performance BIPV ANR project Research centers Objectives - Reliable forecast of electrical performance of domestic rooftop BIPV systems. - Analyse and compare electrical and thermal performance of typical BIPV systems. - Develop a predictive model for electrical performance of Engineering consultants BIPV systems based on thermal and electrical response. Manufacturers Tests benches at INES site (Le Bourget du Lac) and at CSTB site (Sophia Antipolis) SOLAIRE FRANCE ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

10 Performance BIPV ANR project: Presentation • 7 BIPV systems commercially available in France in 2010 • Common features - Rated power ~2kW, poly-Si modules (series interconnection) - Grid-tied inverters - Naturally ventilated air-gaps between modules and insulation • Design/site differences - 3 IAB and 2 ISB configurations (35 m²) - Installer/manufacturer standards for each BIPV system - Climate: 6 systems at Chambéry, 1 at Sophia Antipolis - Variable slope (0 ° to 50 ° ): 15 ° or 30 ° Instrumentation and monitoring system Cross section of a simplified BIPV system Thermocouple bonding Monitoring box under a test bench ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

11 Performance BIPV ANR project: Analysis of experimental results • Electrical and Thermal performance measures (filtered, comparative data) PR (sunny) USA (sunny) G i =1 kW/m² T a =20°C W s =1 m/s STC (sunny) G i =1000W/m² T c =25°C Kth using stationary and dynamic models 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 BIPV Impact of simplified BIPV configuration (ISB): - larger system thermal conductance k-values so better thermal coupling with the building; - lower PV modules temperatures (thicker air gap) so higher electrical production ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

12 Performance BIPV ANR project: Modelling • Coupled electrical-thermal model -2 independently developed models for TRNSYS -Coupling: module temperature  dissipated heat -Successive substitution method • Thermal model -2D nodal model (layers and slope) -Discretisation of air cavity Integration into TRNSYS 17 (Fortran) • Electrical model - 1D PV array (Newton Raphson) - Typical 5-parameter 1-diode model - Configured using flashtest data ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

13 Performance BIPV ANR project: Models validation Validation using typical days: Separate validation of electrical and thermal parts Temperature precision ~2K, dynamic behaviour reproduced Uncertainties in electrical model limited by parameter identification Electrical power DC Time (h) Coupled model: fast convergence (~5 iterations) and stable Model-data RMS error: <2% clear days; <10% mostly cloudy days Performance impact of ISB/IAB choice: d(K th )~5W/m²/K = d(Y A )~5%/an ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

14 Ventilated PV double skin facades at INSA-Lyon CETHIL Building energy efficiency context • Improve electrical and thermal performance, for renovation and new builds • Cool PV components (improve yield and lifetime) • Solar chimney (natural ventilation) or pre-heating (mechanical ventilation) • Envelop as active component of an integrated building energy system Issues • Multipurpose components (shade, noise protection, aesthetics, ...) • Complex urban environment (wind, shadowing, occupants, ...) building primary PV skin PV skin wall (opaque PV) (opaque PV) glazed wall PV skin PV skin (glazed/PV) PV skin (glazed/PV) (glazed/PV) ‘ Summer ’ configuration: natural ventilation to exterior ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

15 Project RESSOURCES: prototype PV double skin HBS-Technal ETNA-B ETNA-A geometry Pleated DSF Veranda/roof Facade/roof Width 4 m 3 m 3 m PV Facade height 7.4 m 5.6 m 5.6 m PV roof length - 8.7 m (34° incline) 6.9 m (45° incline) Air-gap depth ~0.6-0.8 m (prism) 0.7-0.44 m (roof outlet) 0.7 m PV orientation S.W. S.W. S.W. ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

16 Project RESSOURCES: exploratory comparative analysis Data analysis using aggregated queries to a MySQL database summer winter Typical days CETHIL | PRELIMINARY CETHIL | PRELIMINARY • Clear daily cycles in system response • Seasonal variation for sunny days with little wind Spurious features CETHIL | PRELIMINARY CETHIL | PRELIMINARY • Bloc3: power losses in summer • Disruptions to incident radiation, especially in winter ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr

17 Project RESSOURCES: data visualisation and correlation analysis CETHIL | PRELIMINARY CETHIL | PRELIMINARY HBS bloc 1 CETHIL | PRELIMINARY CETHIL | PRELIMINARY HBS bloc 3 Capet plots: seasonal envelop, features correlated with time Correlation plots: departures from simple response curve  Local horizon effects responsible for punctual losses in production ZCB Hong Kong – France workshop 17/10/2013 leon.gaillard@insa-lyon.fr