Recent Status of Recent Status of CANGAROO- -III III CANGAROO Masaki Mori Masaki Mori ICRR, University of Tokyo ICRR, University of Tokyo The 3rd International Workshop for Comprehensive Study of the High Energy Universe -Toward Very High Energy Particle Astronomy – Mar. 20-22, 2003, ICRR, Univ. of Tokyo “C CANGAROO ANGAROO” ” “ = = C ollaboration of A ustralia and N ippon for a GA mma R ay O bservatory in the O utback 136 o 4 31 o 06 160m An array of im aging atm ospheric Cherenkov telescopes to detect high-energy gamma-rays from celestial objects in Woomera, Australia
CANGAROO team CANGAROO team • • University of Adelaide University of Adelaide • • Institute of Physical and Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Chemical Research • • Australian National Australian National University University • • Shinshu Shinshu University University • Ibaraki University • Institute for Space and • Ibaraki University • Institute for Space and Aeronautical Science Aeronautical Science • • Ibaraki Ibaraki Prefectural Prefectural University University • • Tokai University Tokai University • • Kanagawa University Kanagawa University • • Tokyo Institute of Tokyo Institute of Technology Technology • Konan University • Konan University • ICRR, University of Tokyo • ICRR, University of Tokyo • • Kyoto University Kyoto University • • Yamagata University Yamagata University • Nagoya University • Nagoya University • Yamanashi Gakuin Gakuin • Yamanashi • • National Astronomical National Astronomical University University Observatory of Japan Observatory of Japan • • Osaka City University Osaka City University Imaging Cherenkov Cherenkov Telescope (1) Telescope (1) Imaging Proton: Gamma-ray: Nuclear shower Electromagnetic shower ⇓ ⇓ Sharp Cherenkov Diffuse Cherenkov image image
Imaging Cherenkov Cherenkov Telescope (2) Telescope (2) Imaging TeV gamma gamma- -ray sky in 2002 ray sky in 2002 TeV
Brief history of CANGAROO Brief history of CANGAROO � 1987: SN1987A explosion � 1990: 3.8m telescope moved � 1990: ICRR-Adelaide Physics agreement � 1992: Start obs. of 3.8m tel. � 1995: PSR 1706-44 result published � 1998: SNR1006 result published � 1999: 7m telescope completed � 2000: Upgrade to 10m telescope � 2001: U.Tokyo-U.Adelaide agreement � 2002: Second and third 10m tel. CANGAROO- -I 3.8m telescope I 3.8m telescope CANGAROO � Ex. Lunar Ex. Lunar � ranging telescope ranging telescope � 3.8m, F/ 1.0 3.8m, F/ 1.0 � PSF: 0.16 ° ° � PSF: 0.16 � (FWHM) (FWHM) � Alt Alt - - azimuth azimuth � mount mount � 256ch PMT 256ch PMT � ° camera (0.12 ° camera (0.12 pixel) pixel) � Timing and pulse Timing and pulse � height electronics height electronics (1992-1999)
CANGAROO- -I results I results CANGAROO Signal Publish � � SNR/ Pulsar Crab ApJL ’ ’ 94 94 SNR/ Pulsar Crab ApJL � � � � SNR SN1006 ApJL ’ ’ 98 98 SNR SN1006 ApJL � � � � SNR RX J1713.7- - 3946 3946 A&AL ’ ’ 00 00 SNR RX J1713.7 A&AL � � � � SNR W28 A&A ’ ’ 00 00 SNR W28 A&A � � � � Pulsar PSR 1706- - 44 44 ApJL ’ ’ 95 95 Pulsar PSR 1706 ApJL � � � � Pulsar Vela ApJL ’ ’ 97 97 Pulsar Vela ApJL � � ∆ ∆ Pulsar PSR 1509- - 58 58 ApJ ’ ’ 00 00 Pulsar PSR 1509 ApJ � � 52 � � Pulsar PSR 1055- - 52 (Ph.D. ’ ’ 97) 97) Pulsar PSR 1055 (Ph.D. � � AGNs: PKS0521 : PKS0521- - 365, EXO0423.4 365, EXO0423.4- - 0840, PKS2005 0840, PKS2005- - 489, 489, AGNs � � PKS2316 PKS2316- - 423 423 � � A&A ’ A&A ’ 98 98 Blazars Blazars: PKS0548 : PKS0548- - 322, PKS2005 322, PKS2005- - 489 and PKS2155 489 and PKS2155- - 304 304 � � � � A&A ’ ’ 99 99 A&A A � � Radio galaxy Cen Cen A (Proc. ’ ’ 99) 99) Radio galaxy (Proc. � � ∆ marginal Signal: � � detected, � � upper limit, ∆ CANGAROO 7m telescope CANGAROO 7m telescope � Completed in 1999 Completed in 1999 � � 60 x 80cm CFRP 60 x 80cm CFRP � mirror segments mirror segments � Focal length 8m Focal length 8m � � 512ch imaging 512ch imaging � camera camera � Timing and charge Timing and charge � (TOT) electronics (TOT) electronics (March 1999)
CANGAROO 10m telescope CANGAROO 10m telescope � Upgraded in 2000 Upgraded in 2000 � � 114 x 80cm CFRP 114 x 80cm CFRP � mirror segments mirror segments (first plastic- (first plastic - base base mirror in the world!) mirror in the world!) � Focal length 8m Focal length 8m � � Alt Alt - - azimuth mount azimuth mount � � 552ch imaging 552ch imaging � camera camera � Charge and timing Charge and timing � electronics electronics (March 2000) Crab nebula Crab nebula “ Standard candle ” is observed as it should be – Our telescope is working properly! C. Itoh, Ph.D. thesis 2003
CANGAROO- -II observations II observations CANGAROO Signal Publish � � SNR/ Pulsar Crab SNR/ Pulsar Crab � � � � � � (Nature SNR RX J1713.7 SNR RX J1713.7- - 3946 3946 � � (Nature ’ ’ 02) 02) ∆ � ∆ � SNR SN1006 SNR SN1006 � � ∆ � ∆ SNR SN1987A � SNR SN1987A � � ∆ ∆ SNR RX J0852- SNR RX J0852 - 4622 4622 � � ∆ ∆ SNR RCW86 SNR RCW86 � � ∆ � ∆ � Pulsar PSR 1706 Pulsar PSR 1706- - 44 44 � � ∆ ∆ Pulsar Vela Pulsar Vela � � ∆ � ∆ � Pulsar PSR 1259 Pulsar PSR 1259- - 63/ SS2833 63/ SS2833 � � � � � � (ApJL AGN Mrk421 AGN Mrk421 � � (ApJL ’ ’ 02) 02) ∆ � ∆ � AGN PKS2155 AGN PKS2155- - 304, PKS2005 304, PKS2005- - 489 489 � � � � � � (AApL Starburst galaxy NGC253 Starburst galaxy NGC253 � � (AApL ’ ’ 02) 02) ∆ ∆ Galactic Center/ Galactic Center/ Sgr Sgr A* A* � � ∆ ∆ Galactic jet object SS433 Galactic jet object SS433 � � ∆ ∆ EGRET EGRET unID unID 3EG J1234 3EG J1234- - 1318 1318 � � ∆ ∆ Galaxy Small Magellanic Galaxy Small Magellanic Cloud Cloud � � ∆ under analysis � detected, � � upper limit, ∆ Signal: � � published, ∆ ∆ in preparation Publish: � SNR RX J1713.7- -3946 3946 SNR RX J1713.7 Gam m a-ray signal = ( ON) – ( OFF) SNR detected by X- SNR detected by X - ray ray � � satellite satellite Non Non- - thermal emission thermal emission � � Energy spectrum Significance map Enomoto et al. Nature 2002
SNR RX J1713.7- -3946: 3946: SNR RX J1713.7 emission from protons? emission from protons? Hard to explain by emission from electrons (Brems, IC) ⇒ Emission from protons ( π 0 )? ⇒ Cosmic ray origin? Enomoto et al. Nature 2002 SNR RX J1713.7- -3946: 3946: SNR RX J1713.7 counter arguments counter arguments 0.8 ° Reimer & Pohl, A&A 390 (2002) L43 Butt et al., Nature 418 (2002) 489
Markarian 421 421 Markarian Gam m a-ray signal = ( ON) – ( OFF) � The first The first TeV TeV blazar blazar in in � the northern sky the northern sky � z= 0.031 (~ 130Mpc) z= 0.031 (~ 130Mpc) � � Flare in 2001 Flare in 2001 � � Large zenith angle Large zenith angle � observation from observation from Woomera: higher Woomera : higher energy energy � Intergalactic Intergalactic � absorption by IR: absorption by IR: No 10TeV photons? No 10TeV photons? Optical image Okumura et al. ApJL 2002 Mrk 421: hint for cosmology? 421: hint for cosmology? Mrk Emission above 10 TeV detected ⇒ Fewer IR photons? ⇒ Cosmology: galaxy formation Okumura et al. ApJL 2002
Starburst galaxy NGC 253 Starburst galaxy NGC 253 Gam m a-ray signal = ( ON) – ( OFF) � Nearby spiral Nearby spiral � galaxy (2.4Mpc) galaxy (2.4Mpc) � Starburst activity Starburst activity � ⇔ frequent ⇔ frequent SNe SNe Optical image Itoh et al. A&AL 2002 CANGAROO- -I sources revisited I sources revisited CANGAROO � PSR 1706 PSR 1706- - 44 44 � SN1006 NE rim SN1006 NE rim � � S. Hara, Ph.D. thesis J. Kushida, Ph.D. thesis
CANGAROO- -III project III project CANGAROO 4 x 10m telescopes to be completed in 2003 4 x 10m telescopes to be completed in 2003 � � T3 (2002) T2 T1 (2002) T4 (2003) Merit of stereo observation Merit of stereo observation � Cherenkov Cherenkov shower shower � pool: ~ 300m φ φ pool: ~ 300m Stereo ⇒ ⇒ Info. on � Stereo Info. on � distance to showers distance to showers � Better angular Better angular � resolution resolution ∆θ = °→ 0.05 ° ∆θ 0.2 °→ 0.05 ° = 0.2 � Better energy Better energy � resolution resolution ∆ E/ E= 30% → → 15% ∆ E/ E= 30% 15%
10m telescope No.2 10m telescope No.2 � Completed in 2002 Completed in 2002 � � Improved FRP Improved FRP � mirror segments mirror segments � Focal length 8m Focal length 8m � � 427ch imaging 427ch imaging � camera camera � Faster electronics Faster electronics � (charge and (charge and timing) timing) � Pattern trigger Pattern trigger � under testing under testing T2 event samples T2 event samples TDC ADC Scaler Star
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