Realism and the Rise of Modernism 19 century developments and happenings: th • 1848: a new wave of revolutions spreads across Europe • Marx and Engels: The Communist Manifesto • Darwin: On the Origin of Species, 1859 • the invention of photography, the rise of popular culture and mass media • Auguste Comte: positivism Honore Daumier: Gargantua, 1831, lithograph (caricature) Rue Transnonian, April 15 (1834), lithograph, 12 x 17 1/2" (Meissonier: Memory of Civil War (The Barricades), 1849, oil on canvas, 11 x 8 in) Gustave Courbet: Funeral at Ornans, 1849-50, oil/canvas, 10' x 22' The Stone Breakers, 1849, oil/canvas, 5'3 x 8'6 Jean-François Millet: The Gleaners, 1857, oil on canvas, 33 x 44 in Rosa Bonheur: The Horse Fair, 1853-55, Oil on canvas, 96-1/4 x 199-1/2 in. Édouard Manet: Execution of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, June 19, 1867, 1868-1869, o/c, 100 x 120 in. Luncheon on the Grass, 1863, o/c, 7' x 8' 10" Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas, 4'3 x 6'2 Wilhelm Leibl: Three Women in a Church, 1878-82, oil on canvas, 2'5 x 2'1 (Il'ya Repin: Religious Procession in the Province of Kursk, 1881-3, 50" x 112" Zaporozhian Cossacks, 1880-91, oil on canvas, 6'6" x 11' 10") Winslow Homer: The Veteran in a New Field, 1865, Oil on canvas, 24-1/8 x 38-1/8 in. Timothy O'Sullivan, A Harvest of Death, July 1863, albumen print by Alexander Gardner, negative by O'Sullivan, 6-3/4 x 8-3/4" Thomas Eakins: The Gross Clinic, 1875,oil/canvas, 96 x 78 inches. Hawes and Southworth: Early Operation under Ether, daguerreotype, 1847 J. S. Sargent: The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, 1882, Oil on canvas, (87 3/8 x 87 5/8 in.) Henry Ossawa Tanner: (Banjo Lesson, 1893, oil/canvas, 49 x 35 in.) Thankful Poor, 1894, oil on canvas; 35 x 44 in. Edmonia Lewis: Forever Free, 1867, marble, 3'5" ht. [c/w Hiram Powers, Greek Slave] From Architectural Revivals to Architectural Modernism Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin, Houses of Parliament, 1836-1860, London, England John Nash: Royal Pavilion, Brighton, 1815-23 Charles Garnier, Paris Opera House, 1861-74 Henri Labrouste: Bibliotheque (Library) Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, 1843-50
Joseph Paxton: Crystal Palace, London, 1850-1 Optics and the Reproduction of Images 1. camera obscura 2. camera lucida the daguerreotype (invented by Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre, probably in 1837) • positive image • one-of-a-kind • absolute immobility required for relatively long period of time • detailed • small, with reflective metallic surface: unity of reflection and materiality the calotype : invented by William Talbot Fox, almost at the same time, produces a negative image which is printed on paper Julia Margaret Cameron: Ophelia Study No. 2, 1867, albumen print, (1'1" x 11") c/w Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Beata Beatrix, ca 1865, oil/canvas, 34" x 26"
1 5 . R E A L I S M A N D R E V I V A L I S M Creator Daumier, Honore, French Title Rue Transnonain, April 15 Date 1834 Creator Courbet, Gustave, French Title The Stone Breakers Date 1849 Creator Jean- François Millet Title The Gleaners Date 1857 Creator Gustave Courbet Title Funeral at Ornans Date 1849- 1850
Creator Rosa Bonheur, French, 1822- 1899 Title The Horse Fair Date 1853- 55 Creator Manet, Edouard, French Title Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) Date 1863 Creator Edouard Manet Title Olympia Date 1863- 1865 Creator Leibl, Wilhelm, 1844- 1900 Title Three Woman in a Church Date 1881
Creator Eakins, Thomas, 1844- 1916. Title Gross clinic Date 1875. Creator Winslow Homer, 1836- 1910 Title The Veteran in a New Field Date 1865 Creator John Singer Sargent American, 1856- 1925, North American; American Title The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit Date 1882 Creator Tanner, Henry Ossawa Title Thankful Poor Date 1894 Creator Lewis, Edmonia, 1845- 1911 Title Forever Free
Date 1867 Creator Southworth & Hawes Title Operating room of the Mass. General Hospital. Date c.1846 - 48 Creator Timothy O'Sullivan Title A Harvest of Death Date July 1863 Creator Julia Margaret Cameron (English, 1815- 1879) Title Ophelia Study No. 2 Date 1867 Creator Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, English Title Beata Beatrix Date 1864- 1870
Creator Barry, Charles, English Pugin, Augustus W. N., English Title Houses of Parliament Date 1836- 1860 Creator Nash, John, 1752- 1835 Title Brighton: Royal Pavilion: Ext.: facade Date 1815- 23 Creator Charles Garnier Title Opera; Interior view # 2 of staircase Date 1871- 74 Creator Henri Labrouste Title Library (Bibliothèque) Sainte- Geneviève; Interior view # 2 of reading room Date 1843- 50
Title London: Crystal Palace Gen. view for Great Exhibition Date 1850- 1
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