Rare Components in Cosmic Rare Components in Cosmic Rays with AMS- - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Rare Components in Cosmic Rare Components in Cosmic Rays with AMS- -02 02 Rays with AMS TAUP Sendai Sep.07 TAUP Sendai Sep.07 Andreas Sabellek IEKP - Universität Karlsruhe (TH) for the AMS Collaboration

The AMS Project: The AMS Project: Univ. of Univ. of History and Future History and Future Karlsruhe Karlsruhe 2008 again ready for launch 1998 Alpha AMS-02 Magnetic AMS-01 Spectrometer 10 days Precursor Flight on board the Space 3 years on the International Space Station ISS Shuttle Discovery with 1000-times higher statistics measurement Spectra of primary and Superconducting magnet and new secondary p,e and He subdetectors for better particle identification: Precise antimatter and heavy nuclei fluxes M. Aguilar et al., Physics Reports, measurement vol. 366/6 (Aug.2002), pp.331-404 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 2

Outline Outline Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe • AMS-02 Experiment on board the ISS • Science with AMS-02 and Achievement Potential – “Standard Cosmology”: Cosmic Ray Spectra and Composition – Gamma ray astrophysics – Indirect Dark Matter Search – Direct Search for Antimatter (a heavy Anti-nuceus) – Search or Exotic Matter: AMS-02 will record about 2 * 10 10 Strangelets, … physics events from comic rays in 3 years and identify its rare components • Flight Status and Summary with excellent paticle identification 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 3

The AMS- -02 Detector 02 Detector The AMS Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Dimensions: 7 tons and 3x3x3.5 m 3 Acceptance: 0.5m 2 sr Lifetime (cryomagnet): min 3 years Redundant measurement in different subdetectors to gain precision 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 4

Flight Subdetector Hardware Karlsruhe Flight Subdetector Hardware Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Superconducting Magnet: Field 0.86 Tesla; 5.2 MJ stored B From 120 GeV/c muon beam NbTi/Copper conductor I~460A; Cooled to 1.8K by 2500l Superfluid Helium 8 Plane Silicon Tracker : 200,000 channels on 6.6m 2 strips Resolution σ= 30µm and 10µm in bending direction • Rigidity measurement up to few TeV • Particle identification by dE/dx ~Z 2 • Measurement of gammes in conversion mode Anticoincidence counters : 16 cylindrical shell paddels of plastic scintillator for veto 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 5

Flight Subdetector Hardware Karlsruhe Flight Subdetector Hardware Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Transition Radiation Detector : 20 layers, 5248 strawtubes with Xe/CO 2 Gas @ 1bar 2 m Fleece radiator for electron/proton separation • e/h rejection > 100 • dE/dx measurement Time of Flight: 2x2 scintillator planes as primary trigger Resolution t<130ps • Velocity measurement d β / β ~3% • dE/dx measurement 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 6

Flight Subdetector Hardware Karlsruhe Flight Subdetector Hardware Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Radiator Ring Image Cherenkov Detector: (NaF and Aerogel) NaF (n=1.336) and Aerogel (n=1.035) radiator PMT’s array of spatial pixel size 8.5x8.5 mm • β measurement up to 20GeV/n • Charge measurement up to Z=26 (N γ ~Z 2 ) Reflector Electromagnetic Calorimeter : 18 planes (640kg) of Pb with scintillator fiber inserts; thickness 16X 0 /.5 λ h dE/E=0.023+0.10/ S E[GeV] e/p separation ~1000 to 1Tev PMT array Space qualified electronics running with 650 micropocessors to read out 300000 channels, GPS, Startracker Camera and heat control systems . 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 7

Photon Detection with AMS- -02 02 Karlsruhe Photon Detection with AMS Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Energy resolution (100GeV) ~3% Single photon mode 3% γ � EM Shower Angular resolution (100GeV) ~0.02° Conversion mode 0.02 γ � e + /e - -pair 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 8

Chemical Composition Chemical Composition Univ. of Univ. of Measurement Measurement Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Test results from accelerator 158 GeV/n dE/dx~Z 2 Abundance of cosmic nuclei N γ ~Z 2 p B Ne P Ca MnCo Cosmic spectra with 1% accuracy from Helium to Cobalt 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 9

Precision Study of Cosmic Rays – – Precision Study of Cosmic Rays Univ. of Univ. of Radioactive Isotopes Radioactive Isotopes Karlsruhe Karlsruhe AMS-02 will collect 10 5 10 Be isotopes in 3 years • Half-life of 10 Be in the order of confinement time • • Information about – Confinement time – Galactic halo size 0.4 AMS-02 (6 months) Dwyer et al. HEAO-3 0.3 ISEE-3 … and collect 10 5 C and 10 4 B to measure the • Spacelab-2 B / C ratio of Carbon to its spallation secondary 0.2 Boron up to 1TeV/n • Information about 0.1 – Amount of matter traversed Strong & Moskalenko – Diffusion (to understand propagation 0 -1 2 3 10 1 10 10 10 and to fix free parameters of models) Kinetic Energy (GeV/n) 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 10

Isotope Identification Isotope Identification Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe 0.35 AMS-02 (1 day) AMS-02 can destinguish 4 He and 3 He • 0.3 SMILI IMAX • There is room for discoveries in different 0.25 BESS 3 He / 4 He channels 0.2 – Unexpected result from AMS-01: He 0.15 Isotopes are completely separated 0.1 • AMS-02 is also a long duration cosmic 0.05 Davis et al. radiation monitor (e.g. solar modulation) 0 -1 10 1 10 Kinetic Energy (GeV/n) from AMS-01 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 11

Diffuse Gamma Rays and Sky Diffuse Gamma Rays and Sky Univ. of Univ. of Survey Survey Karlsruhe Karlsruhe • Two complementary modes for Gamma detection • Main source: cosmic ray interaction with gas (Pion decay, Bremsstrahlung, Inverse Compton) • Information about – Interstellar matter – Accelerating processes and origin of cosmic rays in ‘standard’ astrophysics 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 12

Probe the Unknown Probe the Unknown Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe From CMB + SN1a + • Dark Energy ~73% structure formation • Matter ~27% – ~4.4% Barions (~0.5% Stars) – 23% Cold Dark Matter • Leading idea is some kind of not-yet-seen stable particle (WIMP candidate: Neutralino as lightest SUSY-particle in R-conserving model) • Direct search on Earth ongoing (if the Earth not in a void, results expected) • Indirect searches are based on χ + χ � bb quark pair production in annihilation, its decay then is well known from accelerator experiments 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 13

Search for Cold Dark Matter Search for Cold Dark Matter Univ. of Univ. of Annihilation Annihilation Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Antielectrons Antiprotons J.J Beatty et al., PRL 93 (2004) 241102 (Projected spectrum from cosmic ray collisions) AMS-02 will at the same time measure p - and e + spectra, which may contain an antimatter excess from annihilating dark matter particles 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 14

Dark Matter Fit in different Sky Dark Matter Fit in different Sky Univ. of Univ. of Directions Univ. of Univ. of Directions Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Karlsruhe EGRET Data W. de Boer et al. outer disc outer Galaxy inner Galaxy low latitude intermediate lat. galactic poles 3 components gamma spectrum: galactic background + extragalactic bg + DM annihilation fitted simultaneously with same WIMP mass in all directions. 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 15

Dark Matter Ring Interpretation Karlsruhe Dark Matter Ring Interpretation Univ. of Univ. of Univ. of Univ. of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Fit in 180 directions implies substructure in the galactic distribution. Observed rotation curve of our galaxy then can be very well explained with obtained dark matter profile. Inner ring (coincidences with H 2 ring) Outer ring (coincidences with orbit of dwarf galaxy, which looses mass by tidal forces) W. de Boer , C. Sander, V. Zhukov, A. Gladyshev, D. Kazakov, EGRET excess of diffuse Galactic Gamma Rays as Tracer of DM, astro-ph/0508617, A&A, 444 (2005) 51 � Promising hint for annihilation of 60 GeV WIMP from Gamma rays: Verification of EGRET data necessary! � Theory could allow to predict mass spectrum of SUSY from annihilation, which could be checked with accelerators. 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 16

Combined Analysis – – Charged Charged Combined Analysis Univ. of Univ. of Particles Univ. of Univ. of Particles Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Positrons Antiprotons Antiprotons Positrons Signal Signal Background Background Fluxes of Positrons and Antiprotons dependent on propagation models, but Dark Matter Annihilation with same Halo and WIMP parameters from Gamma Rays could (as input) be used to tune cosmic models, e.g. introduce unisotropic diffusion. 11/09/2007 TAUP 07, Sendai Andreas Sabellek p. 17