Lateral Spread Damage-Bridge 1991 Limon, Costa Rica Earthquake
Obtain plans for bridge foundations
176.14 m 24.96 6 m 75.02 m 75.24 m Rio Estrella Bridge, Costa Rica, 1991
Liquefaction in the Atacama Desert?
Liquefaction in the Desert?
Liquefaction at Tana Bridge
Liquefaction in the Atacama Desert
Lateral Spreading at Puerto Valparaiso Apparent lateral spreading at Berth 5 Lateral displacement and settlement behind dock wall
Lateral Quaywall Movement at Puerto Valparaiso
Lateral Spread at Puerto Valparaiso Valpariso, Chile Port Lateral Spread 60 50 Horizontal Movement Cumulative Horizontal Displacement (cm) 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Distance from Wall Face (m)
Lateral Spreading at Port of Valparaiso
J uan Pablo II Bridge Lateral spreading and bridge Deck bent damage on NE approach settlement Lateral spread Liquefaction Deck settlement Lateral spread Deck settlement Shear failure evidence of liquefaction Lateral spread
La Mochita Bridge, Concépcion
Site Effects: Vespucio Norte & Ciudad Empresiarial B B A Q fno no : Silt & Clay Layers o A Silty Clay, Silty Sand Silty C C Gravel, S Gravel, Sandy Collapse Collapse p gravel No collapse H/ V peaks: 0.5-2sec (Bonnefoy et al, 2008) Damage to 5 to 20-story buildings Localized Damage – Site Effects?
GEER 2011 (photo: K.M. Rollins) Liquefaction at Strong Motion Sites
Strong ground motion stations with liquefaction nearby GEER 2011 (photos: Boulanger)
Station CHB009 Station CHB024 GEER 2011 (photos: Boulanger) 0.2 0.2 CHB009 - NS CHB024 - NS 0.1 0.1 0 0 Acceleration (g) -0.1 -0.1 -0 .2 -0.2 0.2 0.2 CHB009 - EW CHB024 - EW 0.1 0.1 0 0 -0.1 -0.1 -0 .2 -0 .2 40 80 120 160 200 40 80 120 160 200 Time (s) Time (s)
Landslides in Steep Slopes/Stiff dry clay West of Arauco
Landslides in Steep Slopes/Stiff dry clay
Bearing Failure and Lateral Spread at Tupul Bridge Bearing failure along highway Lateral spreading impacts bridge abutment Tupul Bridge
Failure of Highway Embankment Embankment Fill Soft Clay Liquefiable Zone Embankment Fill Soft Clay Liquefiable Zone
Skewed Bridge Abutment Overview � � 40% of 600,000 bridges in US are skewed � Current AASHTO design code does not � consider any effect of skew on passive force � Observations of poor performance of skewed � bridges Shamsabadi et al. 2006
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