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■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ✶✵ ▼❛② ✷✵✵✻ ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r P❧❛♥ ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❙t②❧✐③❡❞ ❢❛❝ts ■ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ■ ❚r❡♥❞ ■ ❈②❝❧❡ ❍♦✇ t♦ ☞❧t❡r t❤❡ st②❧✐③❡❞ ❢❛❝ts t♦ ❣❡t t❤❡ r❡s✐❞✉❛❧s ❄ ■ ◆♦♥✲P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ☞❧t❡rs ■ P❛r❛♠❡tr✐❝ ☞❧t❡rs ■ ❧✐♥❡❛r ☞❧t❡rs ■ ❢r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ☞❧t❡rs ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❖❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡s ■ ❚❛❦❡ ♣❡rs✐st❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ s❡❛s♦♥❛❧ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦✉r ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t ●❛✐♥ ✶✳ ◆♦✐s❡ r❡❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✷✳ ❆ ♠♦r❡ ✌❡①✐❜❧❡ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦ s❡❛s♦♥❛❧ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t✐♦♥ ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ♦❢ ❧♦♥❣ ♠❡♠♦r② ■ ✭ ❳ t ✮ t ❝♦✈❛r✐❛♥❝❡✲st❛t✐♦♥❛r② ♣r♦❝❡ss ✇✐t❤ ☞♥✐t❡ ✈❛r✐❛♥❝❡ ■ ❉❡☞♥✐t✐♦♥ ✿ ❚✐♠❡ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ❆❈❋ ✚ ❳ ✭ ❦ ✮ s❤♦✇s ❛ s❧♦✇ ❞❡❝❛② ✿ ✭ ☛ ✷ ❪✵ ❀ ✶❬✮ ✚ ✭ ❦ ✮ ✘ ❈ ✚ ✭ ❦ ✮ ❦ � ☛ ❛s ❦ ✦ ✶ ❀ ✭✶✮ ■ ❉❡☞♥✐t✐♦♥ ✿ ❙♣❡❝tr❛❧ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ❉❡♥s✐t② ❢ ❳ ✭ ✕ ✮ t❡♥❞s t♦ ✶ ❢♦r ✈❡r② ❧♦✇ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝✐❡s ✿✭ ☞ ✷ ❪✵ ❀ ✶❬✮ ❢ ❳ ✭ ✕ ✮ ✘ ❈ ❢ ✭ ✕ ✮ ❥ ✕ ❥ � ☞ ❛s ✕ ✦ ✵ ✰ ❀ ✭✷✮ ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ❊①t❡♥s✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧♦♥❣ ♠❡♠♦r② ❝♦♥❝❡♣t ✭●r❛②✱ ❩❤❛♥❣✱ ❲♦♦❞✇❛r❞✱ ✶✾✽✾✮ ■ ❆ st❛t✐♦♥❛r② ♣r♦❝❡ss ✐s s❛✐❞ t♦ ❜❡ ❧♦♥❣ ♠❡♠♦r② ✐❢ ✿ ✾ ✕ ✵ ✷ ❬✵ ❀ ✙ ❪ s✉❝❤ ❛s ❢ ✭ ✕ ✵ ✮ ✉♥❜♦✉♥❞❡❞ ✿ ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s

■♥tr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥❝❡♣ts ❆ r❡✈✐❡✇ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♠♦❞❡❧s P❛r❛♠❡t❡r ❡st✐♠❛t✐♦♥ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♥❡✇ ❝❛r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ t❤❡ ❡✉r♦ ❛r❡❛ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ t♦ s❛❧❡s ✐♥ t❤❡ ✐♥t❡r♠❡❞✐❛t❡ s❡❝t♦r ▲✳ ❋❡rr❛r❛ ❛♥❞ ❉✳ ●✉✓ ❡❣❛♥ ❋r❛❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙❡❛s♦♥❛❧✐t② ✿ ▼♦❞❡❧s ❛♥❞ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s