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  1. ❊✲❦r♦♥❛✱ ▼♦♥❡② ❛♥❞ ❚r✉st ❆♠♦♥❣ ❙tr❛♥❣❡rs ●❛❜r✐❡❧❡ ❈❛♠❡r❛ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ■♥st✐t✉t❡✱ ❈❤❛♣♠❛♥ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ❉❙❊✱ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❇♦❧♦❣♥❛ ✷✼ ❆♣r✐❧ ✷✵✶✽

  2. ❇❘❖❆❉ ❱■❊❲ ●♦❛❧✿ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❝♦♥❝❡♣ts r❡❧❡✈❛♥t ❢♦r ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✐♥♥♦✈❛t✐♦♥✱ ❣❡t ❛ ❞✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥ st❛rt❡❞ ❚❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ✐♥♥♦✈❛t✐♦♥ ❡♥❛❜❧❡s ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡s t♦ tr❛❞✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✐♥str✉♠❡♥ts ❙t❛rt✐♥❣ ♣♦✐♥t t♦ ❛ss❡ss ✐♠♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✿ ✉♥❞❡rst❛♥❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ r♦❧❡ ♦❢ ♠♦♥❡② ✐♥ ❛ s♦❝✐❡t② ■ ✇✐❧❧ ❞✐s❝✉ss t❤✐s ❜② ♦✛❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥s✐❣❤ts ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛r② s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ♠❡t❤♦❞♦❧♦❣✐❡s✿ ❼ ❚❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧✿ t♦ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛t❡ ❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ✐♥t✉✐t✐♦♥s ❼ ❊♠♣✐r✐❝❛❧✿ t♦ ✈❛❧✐❞❛t❡ ♦r r❡✜♥❡ t❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ ✐♥t✉✐t✐♦♥s

  3. ❘❖❆❉▼❆P ❋❖❘ ❚❍❊ ◆❊❳❚ ✷✵ ▼■◆❯❚❊❙ ✶✳ ❲❤② s♦❝✐❡t✐❡s ♥❡❡❞ ♠♦♥❡② t♦ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ✷✳ ❚❤r❡❡ t❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ✐♥❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ✸✳ ❆ ♣❡❡❦ ❛t ✐♥s✐❣❤ts ❢r♦♠ ❧❛❜♦r❛t♦r② ❞❛t❛ ▲✐t❡r❛t✉r❡ ✫ r❡❢❡r❡♥❝❡s✿ ❛ ✈❛r✐❡t② ♦❢ ❛✉t❤♦rs ✭❡✲♠❛✐❧ ♠❡ ❢♦r ❛ ❧✐st✮

  4. ❲❤② s♦❝✐❡t✐❡s ♥❡❡❞ ♠♦♥❡② t♦ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥

  5. ❚❍❊ ❯❙❊❙ ❖❋ ▼❖◆❊❨ ■◆ ❆ ❙❖❈■❊❚❨ ❼ ❙♦❝✐❡t② ✭❡❝♦♥♦♠②✮✿ ❛ ❣r♦✉♣ ♦❢ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ ✇❤♦ ❜❡♥❡✜t ❢r♦♠ tr❛❞✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ❡❛❝❤ ♦t❤❡r ❼ ❈✉rr❡♥❝② ✿ ❛♥ ✭✐♥✮t❛♥❣✐❜❧❡ ♦❜❥❡❝t t❤❛t ✇✐❞❡❧② ❝✐r❝✉❧❛t❡s t♦ ❡♥❛❜❧❡ ♣❛②♠❡♥ts ✏✜❛t✑❂♥♦ ✐♥tr✐♥s✐❝ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦r ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ❝♦♥✈❡rt✐❜✐❧✐t② ✭❛ s②♠❜♦❧✐❝ ♦❜❥❡❝t✮ ▼♦♥❡② ✐s s②♥♦♥②♠♦✉s ♦❢ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✫ s❡r✈❡s t❤r❡❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s✿ ❼ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s tr❛❞❡ ✭♠❡❛♥s ♦❢ ♣❛②♠❡♥t✮ ❼ s❡r✈❡s q✉❛♥t✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♣✉r♣♦s❡s ❛s ❛ st❛♥❞❛r❞ ♦❢ ✈❛❧✉❡ ✭✉♥✐t ♦❢ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t✮ ❼ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❛t❡s s❡❧❢✲✐♥s✉r❛♥❝❡ ✭st♦r✐♥❣ ♦❢ ✈❛❧✉❡✮ ❚❛❦❡✲❛✇❛② ✿ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✈❛❧✉❡ r❡✢❡❝ts t❤❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❛❝t✐✈✐t✐❡s ✐t ❡♥❛❜❧❡s

  6. ❚❍❊ ◆❆❚❯❘❊ ❖❋ ▼❖◆❊❨ ▼♦♥❡② ✐s ❛ s♦❝✐❛❧ ❝♦♥✈❡♥t✐♦♥ ❚❤❡♦r②✿ t❤❡ ♠♦st ✈❛❧✉❛❜❧❡ tr❛❞❡s ✐♥ ❛ s♦❝✐❡t② ❛r❡ ✐♠♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❼ ■♠♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ✐♥t❡r❛❝t✐♦♥s ♣r❡✈❡♥t r❡❝✐♣r♦❝✐t②✱ t❤❡ ❜❛s✐❝ ✐♥❣r❡❞✐❡♥t ♦❢ tr✉st ❼ ▲❛❝❦ ♦❢ tr✉st ♣r❡✈❡♥ts ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❜❡♥❡✜❝✐❛❧ tr❛❞❡s ✭❂❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥✮ ❼ ▼♦♥❡t✐③✐♥❣ tr❛❞❡ ❡♥❛❜❧❡s ❝♦♦♣❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❛♠♦♥❣ str❛♥❣❡rs✱ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ ✈❛❧✉❡ ❚❛❦❡✲❛✇❛② ✿ ❛ ♠♦♥❡t❛r② tr❛❞❡ ❝♦♥✈❡♥t✐♦♥ r❡s♦❧✈❡s ✉♥❞❡r❧②✐♥❣ tr✉st ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s

  7. ❚❤r❡❡ t❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ✐♥❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝②

  8. ★✶✖❈❖❖❘❉■◆❆❚■❖◆ P❘❖❇▲❊▼❙✿ ▼❖◆❊❨ ■❙ ▲■❑❊ ❆ ▲❆◆●❯❆●❊ ❚❤❡ ♠♦r❡ ♣❡♦♣❧❡ s♣❡❛❦ ❛ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✱ t❤❡ ♠♦r❡ ✈❛❧✉❛❜❧❡ t❤❛t ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✐s t♦ t❤❡♠ ❙♦✱ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ t♦ ♠❛①✐♠✐③❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② s②st❡♠ ❼ ❇✉t ❛❝❤✐❡✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t ✇❤❡♥ ♠❛♥② ✐♥str✉♠❡♥ts ❝♦♠♣❡t❡ ❼ ■♥str✉♠❡♥t ❢r❛❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❛ s♦✉r❝❡ ♦❢ ✐♥❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ✭♥❡t✇♦r❦ ❡✛❡❝ts✮ ❼ ❈♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧❧② ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛t✐❝ ✇❤❡♥ ✐♥❝❡♥t✐✈❡s ❛r❡ ♠✐s✲❛❧✐❣♥❡❞ ❚❛❦❡✲❛✇❛② ✿ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ❧♦♦♠ ❧❛r❣❡ ✐♥ ❡st❛❜❧✐s❤✐♥❣ ❛ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② s②st❡♠

  9. ❈❖❖❘❉■◆❆❚■❖◆ ❋❆■▲❯❘❊❙ ■◆ ❙❊▲❊❈❚■◆● ❆ P❆❨▼❊◆❚ ■◆❙❚❘❯▼❊◆❚ P❧❛②❡rs✬ ✐♥t❡r❡st ❛r❡ ♣❡r❢❡❝t❧② ❛❧✐❣♥❡❞ ❤❡r❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ❝❛s❤ ❡❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝ ❝❛s❤ 90 , 90 0 , 0 ❡❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝ 0 , 0 180 , 180 ✳ ✳ ✳ ❜✉t ♥♦t ❤❡r❡ ✭r❡❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ✇❡❛❧t❤✮ ❝❛s❤ ❡❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝ ❝❛s❤ 180 , 90 0 , 0 ❡❧❡❝tr♦♥✐❝ 0 , 0 90 , 180 ❆ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t✐♦♥ ✏❞❡✈✐❝❡✑ ✭❛ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ✐♥st✐t✉t✐♦♥❄✮ ✐s ✈❛❧✉❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❝❛s❡ ✷

  10. ★✷✖❇❯■▲❉■◆●✴▼❆■◆❚❆■◆■◆● P❯❇▲■❈ ❈❖◆❋■❉❊◆❈❊ ■◆ ❆ ❈❯❘❘❊◆❈❨ ❆ ❝✉rr❡♥❝②✬s ✈❛❧✉❡ r❡✢❡❝ts t❤❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ ✐t ❚❤❡♦r②✿ ♦❜❥❡❝t ❜❡❝♦♠❡s ❛ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✐❢ ♥♦✲♦♥❡ ❝❛♥ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧❧② ❣❛✐♥ ❢r♦♠ r❡❢✉s✐♥❣ ✐t ❚❤❡ ✐❞❡❛✿ ■ ❛❝❝❡♣t ❛ s②♠❜♦❧✐❝ ♦❜❥❡❝t ✐❢ ■ tr✉st t❤❛t ♦t❤❡rs ✇✐❧❧ ❞♦ t❤❡ s❛♠❡✱ s♦ ❼ ❛❝❝❡♣t❛❜✐❧✐t② ❞❡♣❡♥❞s ♦♥ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t ❼ t❤❡ ❢✉t✉r❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞s ♦♥ t❤❡ tr❛❞❡s t❤❡ ✐♥str✉♠❡♥t ❡①♣❡❝t❡❞ t♦ s✉♣♣♦rt ❼ ❛ ❝✐r❝✉❧❛r ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t ❤✐♥❣✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❜❡❧✐❡❢s ✭s❡❧❢✲❢✉❧✜❧❧✐♥❣ ❛❝❝❡♣t❛❜✐❧✐t②✮

  11. ❈❖◆❋■❉❊◆❈❊ ■◆ ❆ ❈❯❘❘❊◆❈❨ ≈ ❈❖◆❋■❉❊◆❈❊ ■◆ ❚❍❊ ■❙❙❯❊❘ ❼ ❍✐st♦r✐❝❛❧❧② ✿ ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ❂ q✉❛❧✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ ❝♦✐♥s ✐ss✉❡❞ ❼ ◆♦✇❛❞❛②s ✿ ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ❂ q✉❛♥t✐t② ✐ss✉❡❞ ❚❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠✿ ✐ss✉❡r ❡❛r♥s ②✐❡❧❞ s♣r❡❛❞ ❜t✇♥ ❛ss❡ts ❛❝q✉✐r❡❞ ✫ ❧✐❛❜✐❧✐t✐❡s ✐ss✉❡❞ ❼ ▼✐❝r♦✲❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ♦♣♣♦rt✉♥✐s♠✿ t❡♠♣t❛t✐♦♥ t♦ ♦✈❡r✐ss✉❡ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✐♥str✉♠❡♥ts ❼ ▼❛❝r♦✲❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧✐t②✿ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✈❛❧✉❡ ♠❛② ❜❡❝♦♠❡ ✉♥st❛❜❧❡ ♦r ❞❡❝❧✐♥❡ ❼ ❚❤✐s ✇✐❧❧ ❡✈❡♥t✉❛❧❧② r❡❞✉❝❡ t❤❡ ✐ss✉❡r✬s ♣❛②♦✛ ✭❛♥ ✐♥t❡r✲t❡♠♣♦r❛❧ tr❛❞❡♦✛✮ ❚❛❦❡✲❛✇❛②✿ ❈♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ❡❛s✐❡r t♦ ❜✉✐❧❞ ✐❢ ✐ss✉❡r ❦♥♦✇♥ t♦ ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❧♦♥❣✲r✉♥ ❤♦r✐③♦♥

  12. ★✸✖❈❯❘❘❊◆❈❨ ❙❨❙❚❊▼❙ ❆❘❊ P❯❇▲■❈ ●❖❖❉❙ ❆ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② s②st❡♠ ✐s s✐♠✐❧❛r t♦ ❝❧❡❛♥ ❛✐r ♦r ♥❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ♣❛r❦s ✭♥♦♥✲❡①❝❧✉❞❛❜❧❡✱ ♥♦♥✲r✐✈❛❧✮ ❚❤❡♦r②✿ ♣r✐✈❛t❡ ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉t✐♦♥ t♦ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❣♦♦❞s ✐s ✐♥❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❼ ■♥❡✣❝✐❡♥❝②❂ ❡①❝❡ss✐✈❡ ❡♠✐ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ✐♥str✉♠❡♥ts ❼ ❚❤✐s ❞❛♠❛❣❡s ❝♦♥✜❞❡♥❝❡ ✐♥ ✭❤❡♥❝❡ ✈❛❧✉❡ ✫ st❛❜✐❧✐t② ♦❢✮ ❛ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ❚❛❦❡✲❛✇❛②✿ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❣♦♦❞ ❛s♣❡❝t s✉❣❣❡sts r♦❧❡ ❢♦r ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❝✉rr❡♥❝② ♣r♦✈✐s✐♦♥

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