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Apr 28, 2023 353 likes •674 views

R E V I S I T I N G T H E 2 0 0 0 W AT T S O C I E T Y : A N I N N O V AT I V E T O O L F O R S U S T A I N A B L E C I T Y P L A N N I N G Speaker Moderator Alexander J.B. Zehnder Tan Szue Hann Visiting Professor and Managing

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SLIDE 1

Moderator

Tan Szue Hann

Managing Director, Miniwiz Adjunct Professor, SUTD Architecture & Sustainable Design

Speaker

Alexander J.B. Zehnder

Visiting Professor and Member of Board of Trustees, Nanyang Technological University Founder and Director , Triple Z Ltd

R E V I S I T I N G T H E 2 0 0 0 W AT T S O C I E T Y : A N I N N O V AT I V E T O O L F O R S U S T A I N A B L E C I T Y P L A N N I N G

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SLIDE 2

The 2000 Watt Society: an innovative tool for a sustainable city planning

Alexander J.B. Zehnder

Acknowledgement Paul Chain, NTU Singapore René Sigg, Intep, Zurich Roland Stulz, Intep, Zurich NTU Team: Chang CC, Shi W, Mehta P, Dauwels J

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SLIDE 3

The two sides of the same coin Main efforts securing the supply side, e.g. Germany “Energiewende”, energy outlooks Little efforts demand side! except perhaps reduction of CO2 emission

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SLIDE 4

.....a common yardstick for demand CO2: difficult to understand Energy: e.g. Watt GDP/energy: fair but difficult to reduce to a per person unit

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SLIDE 5

A few basics on energy and power

2000 Watt per person correspond to:

  • 1 kWh every half hour or 17‘520 kWh per year
  • consumption of 1‘700 liter of oil (gasoline) per year
  • 100 continuously lit 20 Watt bulbs

Conversion to CO2

  • Approx. 500 Watt exclusively from oil corresponds

to 1 ton of CO2 per year

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SLIDE 6

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Bangladesh India World China Germany USA

Watt per capita

data.worldbank.org 2018

Energy per capita

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SLIDE 7

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

USA EU/SG 3000 Watt 2000 Watt

Watt per capita

Public transport Air travel Automobile Electricity Public infrastructure Food & consumer items Living & office space

2000 Watt in the daily life

Adapted from novatlantis

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SLIDE 8

500

2000

Intermediate Goal: 50 % Reduction

  • f fossil Energy by 2050

non fossil Energy fossil Energy embodied energy from fossil energy

Watt per capita

1to CO2 1960

Reaching the 2000 Watt Society

From: Stulz R & Sigg R, 2018

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SLIDE 9

Operational Energy Embodied Energy Material 6% Construction 0.3% Transportation 1% Operational 90% Maintenance 2.4% End of Life 0.3%

Buildings: operational and embodied energy

Case NTU

Based on a 40 year lifetime

  • Average Life Cycle Energy: 12,210 kWh/ m2
  • Average Operational Energy: 11,033 kWh/ m2
  • Average Embodied Energy: 1177 kWh/ m2
  • Included materials mainly concrete, steel, glass & s.o.

From: Chang C.C. et al. NTU 2019 Conventional (Cold Climate) Low Energy Conventional (Singapore) 80% 20% 70% 30% 45% 55% ̴150* kWh/yr m2 ̴17 Watt ̴220* kWh/yr m2 ̴25 Watt/m2 ̴290* kWh/yr m2 ̴33 Watt/m2 *Average with high variance

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SLIDE 10

Towards a 2000 Watt Society

From: Novatlantis White Book (2004), E. Jochem, Ed.

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SLIDE 11

Area Reduction potential (%) Light 20 Motors 25 Glass & Bottles 30 Airplanes 45 Cars 50 Building heat 75 Buildings 80

From: Novatlantis White Book (2004), E. Jochem, Ed.

Potential for energy efficiency improvement (based on existing technologies)

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SLIDE 12

Low hanging fruits

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SLIDE 13

2050

2000-Watt Standard

2005

2000 Watt Society means among others...

22 miles per gallon (Gasoline, Diesel) Present buildings 10* litres heating/cooling oil

  • equiv. per m2/yr

1-way 350 kg/yr/person (waste) 3 litres heating/cooling oil

  • equiv. per m2/yr

82 miles per gallon (gas, H2) Reuse Recycling 150 kg/yr/person (waste) *10 l oil equiv./yr correspond to ̴12W

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SLIDE 14

Road obstacles and road blocks and

  • Show me……
  • Change aversion
  • Aversion against new regulations
  • Indifference
  • Yes, but…
  • etc.
  • Opposition of the fossil and nuclear

energy providers

  • Fear of economic regression
  • Worry about loss of freedom
  • Political inertness
  • Not understanding the concept, etc.
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SLIDE 15

Forum Chriesbach

  • Zero-Emission
  • Water recycling
  • Passive heating and cooling

500 1000 1500 2000 3000 3500 Average CH Minergy Chriesbach

Watt per person

2500

Show me….. building sector

Adapted from www.forumchriesbach.eawag.ch

≈ 1.8 W/m2

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SLIDE 16

Overcoming political inertness

On November 30, 2008, the citizens of the city of Zurich adopted in a plebiscite with a 76 percent majority the concept of the 2000 Watt Society as guideline for the city’s planning and future development.

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SLIDE 17

76% of the people on Zurich’s electoral roll voted to:

  • Commit to sustainable

development

  • Reduce its energy consumption to

2000 watts per person per year

  • Reduce its annual CO2 emissions

to one-ton per person by 2050

  • Promote renewable energy and

energy efficiency

  • Not renew its investments in

nuclear power plants So far, Zurich has achieved:

  • Reduction of primary energy consumption by

1300 watts per person per year since 1990

  • Currently 3900 watts per person
  • Since 2015, if not chosen otherwise,

electricity 100% renewable sources

  • In the transport sector, the energy demand

decreased by 13% since 1990

  • Reduction of the annual greenhouse gas

emissions by 1.5 tons per person since 1990

  • Distinct reduction of energy consumption and

greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector

  • Since 1990, the share of renewable energy

sources more than doubled from 11% to now 25%

The Zurich case

Intep, 2018

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SLIDE 18

Implementation: Switzerland

  • Cities are the leaders, like Zurich, Basel, Geneva
  • Guidelines on national level, incl. building codes

International

  • Primarily cities in Austria, France and Germany
  • EU: adapting some guidelines, e.g. net zero house standards, emission

reduction in mobility, etc.

  • North America: Green Building Council (LEED), BioHouse Minnesota

zero net energy. Universities

  • International Sustainable Campus Network
  • EcoCampuses in many Universities in the US and elsewhere

What has been achieved?

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SLIDE 19

 Individual  2000 Watts Lifestyle Stories  Single Buildings

  • SIA 2040 Guideline

 Neigbourhoods

  • 2000 Watts Site Certificate

 Towns

  • 2000 Watts EnergyCities

 Cantons, Regions

  • 2000 Watts Regional Calculator

…Switzerland’s regions active on four levels

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SLIDE 20

Projects realized “Richti Wallisellen”

2800 Watt per person

2,800 Watt per person

1200 W industry/production/service 1000 W traffic/transport 500 W individual mobility 100 W living

Richti Wallisellen 2000-Watt, large commercial development, total,

  • approx. 1,200 people living, 3,000 workplaces, 12,700 m2 sales floor

Planning 2010 Realisation 2014

Allreal-Group 2014

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SLIDE 21

…..other realisations, some examples

The Hunziker Site Zurich Inhabitants 1200. Workplaces 150. Surface per capita 34m2 Freilager Zurich Inhabitants 2000 Workplaces 200 Erlenmatt Basel Inhabitants 1400 Workplaces ca. 120 Surface per capita 73 m2

Freilager Zürich, 2017 Stulz, 2018 Statistisches Amt Basel, 2016

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Australian Capital Territory Canberra took the leadership to construct a leading-edge efficient and sustainable building-block in Australia. Based

  • n the 2000-Watt Society the capital plans creating a new landmark

neighbourhood for more than 5000 inhabitants plus workplaces. This in a joint venture with the City of Zurich and Swiss specialists.

The City of Vancouver, in collaboration with the University of British Columbia and the Provincial Government, used the 2000-Watt Society target to establish a clear energy-framework for the city’s mid- and high-rise housing projects. For that it established its own energy code for buildings. On the pathway to becoming a 2000-Watt Society, Munich has established goals for 2050 similar to Zurich.

Projects around the globe

Intep, 2018

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SLIDE 23

Minneapolis is planning to achieve as First in the USA the goals of the 2000-Watt Society.

Different stages of building and planning

For the Olympics in Paris 2024 it is planned to follow closely the experiences of other 2000 Watt sites. Paris-Saclay building stage: 430,000 inhabitants; 265,000 jobs; 65,000 students & 15,000 researchers

Various sources, 2019

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SLIDE 24

Energy data (2018): World Development Indicators data.worldbank.org GDP (PPP) 2017: World Bank

Energy use, wealth creation & innovation

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….and NTU?

Achievements triggered through EcoCampus initiative:

  • 5MWp Rooftop Solar PV Implementation (meets 5%
  • f campus energy needs)
  • Reducing energy per m2 by 35%, compared to 2011
  • Over 95% of the buildings are green mark platinum
  • Awards in 2019: seven Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB),
  • ne Super Energy Building (SLEB)

Vision:

  • 10MWp PV
  • To reach 500 Watt per person, actually ≈ 750 Watt
  • Net zero emission, zero water & waste campus
  • Iconic, most sustainable building, transportation, and

resource use Campus Future

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SLIDE 26

“I like the energy target clarity in the 2000 Watt society too – I agree strongly we always encourage

  • ur client to set a measurable target for their

buildings”. Richard Kirk, architect of THE ARCH, March 2018

….message for the future?

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SLIDE 27

www.sustainapore.sg

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SLIDE 28
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SLIDE 29

R EVISITIN G TH E 2 0 0 0 WATT SOC IETY:

A N I N N O VAT I V E T O O L F O R S U S TA I N A B L E C I T Y P L A N N I N G

Moderator

Tan Szue Hann

Managing Director, Miniwiz Adjunct Professor, SUTD Architecture & Sustainable Design

Speaker

Alexander J.B. Zehnder

Visiting Professor and Member of Board of Trustees, Nanyang Technological University Founder and Director , Triple Z Ltd

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SLIDE 30

U PC O MIN G L EC TU R E