Qualifying Photonics for the Space Environment Iain McKenzie - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Qualifying Photonics for the Space Environment Iain McKenzie Trieste 20/02/2015 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 1

Qualifying Microphotonic Devices for Space 15 years service life • No maintenance • Guarantee of end of life performance Space radiation • Displacement damage • TID • Charging due to interaction with charged particles Mechanical • vibration • Pyro-shock Vacuum Thermal ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use • Outgassing • Large temperature • Contamination variations • Packaging ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 2

NASA vs. Telcordia Test Requirements Due to the usage of MIL-STD-883 in Telcordia specifications, the random  vibration environmental parameters and duration are of greater intensity than is required for space flight launch vehicles. ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Reliability of Optical Fiber Modulators for Space Flight Environments , M. Ott, et al, NASA Parts and Packaging Program Report, Electronic Parts Project, IPPAQ Task Report, October 2002. ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 3

Radiation iation Effects s on Fibre Optic Sensor or Hardwa ware re  Induced attenuation in optical fibres  Refractive index change in glass (FBG shift)  Impact on fibre optic coating (FBG shift)  Displacement damage semiconductor laser (increased laser threshold, decreased slope efficiency)  Displacement damage in detector (increased dark current, reduced efficiency) ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use  SEE – laser driver sensitivity ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 4

Other r Parameters eters that Effect Darken ening ing  Stress in the fibre  Photo bleaching Photobleaching test for two Standard Telecom fiber samples (97 m) on the same spool with low and high optical power coupled in the fibers 7 Low Power (1 uW) High Power (~10 mW) 6 Average dose rate = 449 Gy/h Radiation induced attenuation [dB] Total dose = 1000 Gy Wavelength = 980 nm 5 4 Fibres outside irradiation setup 3 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use 2 1 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Accumulated dose [Gy] ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 5

Radiation iation Darken ening ing of Optical al Fibers rs Radiation-induced attenuation in some COTS fiber samples (100 metres) Radiation-induced attenuation fits and extrapolations at 850 nm Average dose rate = 157 Gy/h, Total dose = 1000 Gy of the Draka MaxCap 300 Radhard Optimized fiber exposed to gamma radiations 12 9 Draka MaxCap 300 Radhard optimized 11 452 Gy/h Draka MaxCap 300 Standard 8 157 Gy/h Draka MaxCap 300 Radhard 10 Radiation-induced attenuation [dB] 452 Gy/h Fit INO 712A1 157 Gy/h Fit Radiation-induced attenuation [dB] 7 9 Telecom Standard 20.4 Gy/h extrapolation Telecom Radhard 0.06 Gy/h extrapolation 8 6 7 5 6 4 5 4 3 3 fiber is not 2 irradiated in this 2 area, time of recovery 1 1 = 60 minutes 0 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Accumulated dose [Gy] Accumulated dose [Gy] Courtesy of INO Radiation-induced attenuation at 850 nm performed at an average temperature of -17 °C 50 And SpaceFibre 45 Project Radiation-induced attenuation [dB] 40 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Average dose rate = 429 Gy/h 35 Wavelength = 850 nm 30 Draka MaxCap 300 Radhard Optimized 25 Telecom Standard 20 Draka MaxCap 300 Radhard Optimized (21 C) 15 10 5 Average dose rate = 429 Gy/h Wavelength = 850 nm 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Accumulated dose [Gy] ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 6

FBG Wavelen ength gth Shift Due to Radiation ation Applications include laser  wavelength stabilisation, filtering, and sensing 0.045 FBGs show a shift in peak  0.040 wavelength with radiation due 0.035 partly to change in n Peak Shift, nm . 0.030 Changes for 1Mrad are on the order 0.025  0.020 of some 10s pm 0.015 Radiation hardness improves with  0.010 good selection of fibre, FBG writing CH 10 0.005 approach, annealing process 0.000 (thermal and UV), even coating -0.005 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use type. 0 50 100 150 200 Time, h Femto second laser writing  T10-1 T10-2 T10-3 approaches so better radiation hardness Results courtesy of SCK-CEN ESA contract. ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 7

Radiation Testing of SOI Devices Co-60 TID testing of SOI • ring resonator devices Total dose 300kRad • 0.39 pm/kRad shift of • resonance peaks Important to note that • ~100pm/K is expected due to thermally induced refractive index changes. ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 8

Vacuum uum  Material Selection – Outgassing  Contamination (hermetic sealing)  Packaging and Mounting  Hermetic Sealing required for active optoelectronic components (lasers and detectors) – problems with moisture in package. ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 9

SMOS Qualification Program SMOS Mission (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Payload Module: Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS)  COTS components used:  Modulight AlGaInAs 1300nm FP laser diodes, ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use  Hamamatsu InGaAs PIN photodiodes,  Gooch and Housego Fiber Splitters  Gore FO Cable  Diamond AVIM connectors ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 10

Qualification Approach Highest quality level for commercial off-the-shelf opto-  electronic components is according to Telcordia standard or similar. Subsea is a good starting point – very high reliability  requirements – 20 year life expectancy Space qualified components usually not existing  A full qualification exercise as per ESCC specification not  feasible due to - time and cost constraints - industry is too fast moving ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use What to do? ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 11

Qualification Approach Partial evaluation of 2 alternatives  Full qualification of 1 FL plus samples  + costs are moderate (only one qualification) • + risk of qualification failure low • – impact on overall schedule is high as procurement has to be • performed for the samples and after successful evaluation for the FL again  In order to reduce risk: ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Evaluation phase with two possible COTS candidates for each component (subjected to most critical tests, constructional analysis, manufacturer assessment) ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 12

Evaluation Process Procurement from two different suppliers  Detailed constructional analysis  Critical selection and performance tests – Standard evaluation tests  should be designed to stress components and reveal failure mechanisms. Depending on schedule and budget this may not be possible. Visit and make assessment of supplier’s manufacturing procedures  Based on final assessment procure flight lot  ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 13

Flight Lot Acceptance Testing (LAT) Selection testing (Evaluation phase): 1. - vibration, shock 2. - thermal vacuum cycling 3. - radiation (gamma & proton) 4. - constructional analysis & manufacturer assessment Flight lot screening / qualification 1. - extended burn-in 2. - acceptance thermal cycling 3. - measurement at high and low temperature Flight lot acceptance testing ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use 1. - thermal cycling, vibration, shock and radiation 2. - life test 3. - bending, fibre pull, mating, DPA ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 14

Lessons Learnt from SMOS Qual.  Most manufacturers are not willing to customise their process for a small volume order.  Be fast, products change fast – telecom market.  Smaller manufacturers show greater interest and higher flexibility to customise their manufacturing and/or disclose the exact processing  Be very accurate in manufacturer assessment (which activities are outsourced, how is the visibility) ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 15

Evaluation and Qualification of AVIM FO Connector Project Scope: Evaluate and qualify connector set AVIM  Document and write specifications for connector sets and assemblies  ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Qualify a patchcord patchcord=fiber+cable+connectors-set+assembly-  process ESA Presentation | Iain McKenzie | Trieste | 20/02/2015 | TEC-MME ESA ESTEC | Slide 16