PV Excite Design & Install 2 Day solar PV Excite Course An - PDF document

7/16/20 PV Excite – Design & Install 2 Day solar PV Excite Course An entry level course for aspirant Designers and Installers that are new to PV systems PQRS Presented by Carel Ballack +27 82 322 2601 carel.ballack@pqrs.co.za IntroducXon - Presenter • Presenter: Carel Ballack – Electrician – Plumbing and gas. – Former Ombudsman for SESSA – Tenders, Project management, Electrical infrastructure, Repairs and maintenance. – Consultant – Training & development for energy sector 2 1

7/16/20 PQRS - Network OrganisaXons InsXtuXons and associaXons • Rubicon / Ellies / ACDC / Herholdts • Green Cape • Western Cape Government • Allelec / Voltex • Mangosuthu University of Tech. • Yingli / Jinko • Copper Development AssociaXon • TIA - Test Instruments Africa • SAAEA • ABB • AssociaXon for Renewable Energy • PLP PracXXoners • Dixon • Earthing and Lightning ProtecXon AssociaXon • Schneider • Sustainable Energy Africa • Enel • Greensun • Mustek • Tesla 3 General Welcome • Course rules – Pin presenter to the screen (Microsoe teams) – Please use the chat box for raising quesXons – Please switch off video to preserve bandwidth Have you downloaded any material of interest? • – Generic datasheets (Always the same) – This presentaXon in pdf • Tea at more or less 10:30 & 15:00 – 15 minutes each Lunch at around 12:00 - 12:30 • – 30 minutes 4 2

7/16/20 Programme • Day 1 – Overview of electricity & some principles – Tools and equipment – Understanding the funcXon of the different products • Day 2 – Understanding how the products work together – Aeernoon: Small system calculaXon System sizing when storage is included 3

7/16/20 Course process and content What about the formal qualificaXon? • Solar PV Service Technician – 1 year qualificaXon – N5 – Entry requirements - NQF Level 4 qualificaXon with mathemaXcs. – Consists of ±344 credits or 3440 noXonal hours – RPL – Keep record of training and installaXons 4

7/16/20 Solar PV Service Technician • A Solar Photovoltaic Service (PV) Technician – Performs maintenance (preventaXve, scheduled, unscheduled) on PV systems in compliance with the Department of Energy and related regulaXons, – Isolates the PV system; – Performs fault finding (trouble-shooXng), – IdenXfies deficiencies; – InformaXon Analyses, – Carries out • maintenance, • repairs (including removing and replacing components), and • finds soluXons to a range of problems. Informal Quality Assurance – Feel Good CerXficaXon 5

7/16/20 Feel good plaoorms • PV Green Card vs P4 • P4 is linked to AREP (AssociaXon for Renewable Energy PracXXoners) • PV Green Card is linked to SAPVIA Content Disclaimer & Feedback • Electricity is dangerous. • The purpose of this training course is to promote the use of solar, for both electrical & plumbing solar technologies. • The instructors cannot be held liable for informaXon presented; or the way in which informaXon has been interpreted through this; or any other training, markeXng or media plaoorm. Please read product instrucXons and comply to manufacturer recommendaXons • Your feedback is important • Please complete the feedback form. • We trust that you will enjoy the course 12 6

7/16/20 Supplementary free informaXon • Leonardo Energy - free online training for engineers (advanced) hpp://www.leonardo-energy.org • Assess and determine available solar irradiaXon at a specific venue hpps://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html#PVP • Calculate solar systems viability hpp://www.retscreen.net • For free training on energy efficiency: Easy to Moderate to Advanced hpps://www.schneideruniversiXes.com/ • Free Book - Unlimited Energy – Describes how baperies work hpp://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Book-Energy-Unlimited-EN.pdf • Free Maths & Science Mastery - Training Plaoorm hpps://www.khanacademy.org/ 13 Solar Basics Irradia5on PV technologies Cable calc. Volt drop Series and parallel config Moun5ng Structures PV Fuse Combiner Boxes Inverter calc Voltage Standards SPD’s, Calcula5ons LPS & Earthing DC vs AC Disconnect **Safety Pr & Cos5ng BaHeries Off-Grid **Energy Efficiency **Demand & Load assessment 14 7

7/16/20 Tools Required for solar installaXons Tools required • Special tools – Crimper • Solar Crimper, PneumaXc crimper – MulX Meter – Torque wrench – Data Logger • Usual Tools – Screw drivers, pliers – Drills, grinders – Step ladders, etc 8

7/16/20 Basic electricity Electron Flow Benjamin Franklin • – Glass & Silk Experiment – Kite experiment • Electrons – Charged ‘negaXve’ – Move from areas of abundance to areas of depleXon • The same principles can be seen in solar modules 18 9

7/16/20 Basic Terminology • What is Volt? – Voltage can be explained as being electrical pressure • What is Amp? – The movement of current is measured in Amps • Nominal voltage • What is Series? See next slide • What is Parallel? See next slide Ohm’s Law • Ohm's Law is a formula or range of formulas used to calculate the relaXonship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit. 10

7/16/20 Series configuraXon • Voltage increases and the current stays the same Parallel configuraXon • Current increases and the voltage stays the same 11

7/16/20 Series ConfiguraXon • When connecXng in series the voltage is mulXplied by the number of panels to get to the system voltage. • The inverter or charge controller needs to be able to operate in the system voltage temp ranges Modules in Series V oc Ave. Per cell Module V oc -15 ℃ 80 ℃ 36 Cell X 8 Modules 0,6 21,6 193 144 54 Cell X 8 Modules 0,6 32,4 290 216 60 Cell X 8 Modules 0,6 36 322 240 72 Cell X 8 Modules 0,6 43,2 387 288 Values are es5mated and have been calculated using a temp co-eff. of 0,30%/ ℃ 23 Parallel ConfiguraXon • Using Branch connectors • Same power being produced as previous slide • Lower Voltage • Current X 2 of a single string Modules in Series V oc Ave. Per cell Module V oc -15 ℃ 80 ℃ 36 Cell X 4 Modules 0,6 21,6 96 72 54 Cell X 4 Modules 0,6 32,4 145 108 60 Cell X 4 Modules 0,6 36 161 120 72 Cell X 4 Modules 0,6 43,2 193 144 24 12

7/16/20 Parallel ConfiguraXon • Using a combiner box • Same power being produced as previous slide • Offers the advantage of • individual string disconnecXon • Housing for SPD’s To Inverter 25 Power triangle • The power Triangle is a range of formulas clarifying the difference between Power, Current and Voltage 13

7/16/20 Solar & Electrical equipment Solar Equipment • In this secXon • Electrical Equipment – Cables – Circuit breakers – Switches & DC Disconnects • Solar Equipment – Modules – Baperies – Charge controllers – Loads – Inverters 14

7/16/20 Conductors – (Switch to Keynote) • A conductor is defined as “an object or type of material that allows the flow of electrical current in one or more direcXons. Different types of metals are commonly used as electrical conductors.” Copper, aluminium and steel as Conductors Copper coated steel Copper Aluminium 15

7/16/20 Gold as a conductor Gold plated copper conductors Silver as a conductor In the screen printing of solar cells, silver is mostly used as the conductor of choice 16

7/16/20 Tin as a conductor Tinned copper conductors Looks silver How copper is used • Bare Copper Earth Wire • BCEW is usually used for earthing and bonding 17

7/16/20 How copper is used • GP cable is used to describe general purpose conductors, hence the GP denotes “general purpose”. . . . . .this type of conductor is also called house wire and used in most electrical installaXons for the wiring of buildings and homes. How copper is used • Twin and earth • Twin and earth is also regularly used in buildings and takes preference over GP wire as the live, neutral and earth wires are grouped together in one insulator 18

7/16/20 How copper is used • Surfix or Norsk • Suffix or norsk cable is usually used where electricians don't want to use conduit as it already has an addiXonal aluminium shield underneath the insulaXon. How copper is used • Armoured cable • Armoured cable is normally used in slightly more commercial or industrial applicaXons and usually buried under ground or strapped onto cable trays or wire ways. 19

7/16/20 Circuit breakers • Where do CB fit? – DB Boards or other suitable enclosures • Circuit breakers vs isolators • Show CB video Components (– Switch to Keynote) Solar Modules • System components. • Solar Module • Bapery • Charge controller • Load Charge Inverter Controller • Inverter Load Battery Images are used for explanation purposes only - Circuit breakers, switchgear and safety devices should be included in all installations 40 20