Protecting a Resource at Risk: Control Techniques for Hemlock - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Protecting a Resource at Risk: Control Techniques for Hemlock - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Protecting a Resource at Risk: Control Techniques for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Michigan MDNR MCCC Forest Health Crew January 17, 2020 Michigan Civilian Conservation Corps Special program of Michigan Legislature DNR Warren Dunes SP

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Protecting a Resource at Risk:

Control Techniques for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Michigan MDNR MCCC Forest Health Crew January 17, 2020

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Michigan Civilian Conservation Corps

  • Special program of

Michigan Legislature

  • Housed in DNR Parks and

Recreation Division

  • Training program to

acquire natural resource skills.

– Rx Fire, pesticide certifications, chainsaw training, plant identification, invasive species management, tree planting, horticulture, forest health

DNR Fort Custer RA DNR Brighton RA DNR Fort Custer RA DNR Warren Dunes SP DNR Algonac SP DNR Hartwick Pines SP

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April 8, 2018

DNR Tahquamenon Falls SP

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DNR PJ Hoffmaster SP

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DNR PJ Hoffmaster SP

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  • Funded with PRD

Park Improvement funds – MDARD – FRD

  • $200,000 GLRI

grant secured

  • Applied for MISGP

funding to support detection survey

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SLIDE 7
  • 1. Eastern Hemlock and Hemlock Woolly

Adelgid Basics

  • 2. Spread of HWA
  • 3. Survey and Treatment Methods
  • 4. Current Status
  • 5. The Future

DNR Muskegon SP

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Eastern Hemlock Identification

  • Coniferous tree with short, blunt needles and dark,

furrowed bark.

  • Commonly found on coastal dunes and north

facing ridges.

  • Highly shade tolerant & long-lived (can live up to

800 years or more). Offer.

  • Univ. of Vermont

DNR Silver Lake SP Adirondackvic.org

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Hemlock Benefits

  • Offers shelter and food for whitetail deer, rodents and birds

during the winter months

  • Important for riparian habitat such as cold water streams where

they provide vital shade for trout, salmon, and sculpin

  • Fibrous, shallow root system provides erosion control

DNR Hoffmaster SP

  • D. Williams
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Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Identification

  • Needles turn greyish

green

  • No bud growth
  • Needle drop

DNR PRD

US Forest Service

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Feeding adelgids secrete white wax (i.e., “wool”) through pores on their bodies as they feed, forming ovisacs at base of needles.

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Ovisacs

DNR Silver Lake SP DNR Mears SP

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Crawlers (1st instar nymphs)

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Identification

DNR Muskegon SP ME DACF

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An adult hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, removed from its host plant and cleaned for imaging. First Instar. (Note small halo of wool) HWA nymphs settled and feeding at the bases of needles. Hemlock needle torn away from stem shows position of nymph (arrow) and its stylet bundle (arrowheads) within the plant. Photos from USDA Forest Service

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PROGREDIENS

University of Florida, Dept of Entomology

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Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Identification

Photos from USDA Forest Service

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Look-a-likes

Wool From White Pine Aphids

  • D. Ouelette, ME- FS

Ohio DNR

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Look-a-likes

Beech Bark Scale Fluff

DNR Leelanau SP DNR Leelanau SP

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HWA Spread

  • HWA found in 1951 in

Virginia.

  • DNA analysis showed

this HWA population came from Japan, where HWA is native. Infested hemlock nursery trees contribute to HWA spread..

MikesBackyardNursery.com

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HWA is a major threat to Michigan!

  • More than 170 million hemlocks grow in Michigan forests
  • Hemlock is an important forest & wildlife resource
  • Provides food & shelter for many species
  • Regulates health of rivers & streams
  • Prevents erosion on Michigan’s coastal dunes
  • Valuable ornamental tree in the landscape market

Adelges tsugae (wax removed)

Smoky Mtn Nat. Park

Infested shoot

Slide courtesy of MSU Photos US Forest Service, National Park Service

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Michigan’s Hemlock Range

Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission

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Risk of HWA Infection

Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission

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Where is the Hemlock?

Baraga State Park Mitchell State Park Interlochen State Park Bass River State Park Muskallonge Lake State Park J.W. Wells State Park Bewabic State Park Muskegon State Park Lake Gogebic State Park Burt Lake State Newagon State Park Lakeport State Park Cheboygan State Park North Higgins Lakes State Park Laughing Whitefish Falls Craig Lake State Park Old Mission State Park Leelanau State Park Fayette State Park Orchard Beach State Park McLain State Park Fisherman's Island State Park Palms Book State Park Mears State Park Grand Mere State Park Rifle River Recreation Area Van Riper State Park Harrisville State Park Saugatuck Dunes State Park Wagner Falls Scenic Site Hartwick Pines State Park Silver Lake State Park Warren Dunes State Park Highland Recreation Area South Higgins Lake State Park Wilderness State Park Hoeft State Park Tahquamenon Falls State Park Yankee Springs Recreation Area Hoffmaster State Park Twin Lakes State Park Young State Park Indian Lake State Park Van Buren State Park Holland State Park Interlochen State Park Van Riper State Park Duck Lake State Park

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Through 2014

Ottawa and Allegan Counties

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Through 2015

Ottawa, Allegan, and Muskegon Counties

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2016 to Present

Ottawa, Allegan, Muskegon, and Oceana Counties

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Hemlock Health Assessment

Unhealthy hemlock trees

Photos US Forest Service

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P.J. Hoffmaster SP

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Old, large trees often more vulnerable than younger trees. Stress from drought

  • r other pests can hasten mortality.

Photos US Forest Service, National Park Service

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2018 Survey and Treatment

DNR PRD MCCC AmeriCorps HWA/Forest Health Crew formed in June 2018

  • 6 person traveling crew
  • Based in Muskegon SP
  • Treatment
  • Survey

DNR Silver Lake SP

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2019 Survey and Treatment

  • 9 person summer treatment crew
  • 5 person winter survey crew

DNR Saugatuck Dunes SP DNR Saugatuck Dunes SP

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Survey Equipment

DNR PRD

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Survey Equipment

DNR PRD

Biltmore Stick DBH Tape iPad External Battery Flagging

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Survey Equipment

DNR PRD

Hand Lens

Binoculars Flashlight

Field Vest Hammer, Nails, & Tags

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Survey Methods

  • Analyze undersides of

branches

  • Use binoculars for high

branches

  • Confirm HWA with hand lens

DNR Muskegon SP DNR Silver Lake SP

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Survey Methods

ArcGIS Explorer

  • navigation

ArcGIS Collector

  • records crew tracks, polygons

for survey treatment status, and points for infected trees

DNR PRD DNR PRD

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Recording Infestation

  • Tag
  • Flag
  • Record location of tree in

Arc Collector

DNR PRD DNR Muskegon SP

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HWA Survey Zones

PRD managed acreage within:

  • 5 mile buffer: 7,523
  • 20 mile buffer: 9,518
  • Lake Mich. buffer: 26,188

Total PRD acreage in survey zones: 35,706

Does not include acreage at Tahquamenon Falls, Hartwick Pines, Porcupine Mtns. Wilderness or other high value sites outside of the buffer

DNR

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Survey Methods

  • Survey as many hemlock as possible!
  • Dense stands: Survey at least 30/acre
  • Focus on areas attractive to wildlife:

– Dune ridges – Trails – Isolated trees in open areas – Strive for even coverage per acre

DNR PRD

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HWA Survey

  • Survey 30 trees/acre
  • Record positive HWA
  • Document hemlock

presence

  • Delimitation survey

2,921ac. (FY19) 2.35 ac./hr.

  • Detection survey

7,754 ac. (FY19) 7.41 ac./hr.

DNR Duck Lake SP

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HWA Treatments

Basal Bark Spray Tree Injection

DNR Silver Lake SP DNR Silver Lake SP

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Treatment Methods

Basal Bark

Backpack sprayer r

  • When is it used?
  • Standard method
  • Applying

Dinotefuran and IMD

  • Limitations
  • Acre limit (128 in.)
  • Weather dependent
  • It’s messy and

backpacks can clog

0.5 oz. a.i. Imadacloprid/inch

DNR Muskegon SP

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SLIDE 43

DNR Silver Lake SP

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Treatment Methods

Tree Injection

Quickjet Air When is it used?

  • Acres where basal

bark limit is reached

  • Inclement weather
  • Near water
  • Limitations
  • Cannot inject <4” DBH
  • Tubing twists and

kinks

  • Wounds trees

1 mL ImaJet 10 / inch

DNR Silver Lake SP

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DNR PJ Hoffmaster SP

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Systemic Insecticides

Imidacloprid: becomes effective 1 year after application, but provides 5-7 years of HWA control Dinotefuran: provides HWA control 6 months after application and lasts for 1 year Can apply both when necessary

Dinotefuran

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Quarantine

  • Oceana
  • Muskegon
  • Ottawa
  • Allegan
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PRD Field Summary

Fiscal year Trees treated Total dbh Total acres treated Total acres surveyed 17 1,591 12,980 248

143

18 3,709 23,547 189

2,574

19 14,713 86,062 976

11,307

20 1,624 11,689 171

2,423

Total 21,637 134,278 1,584 16,447

DNR PJ Hoffmaster SP

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PJ Hoffmaster

  • 3,545 hours of

treatment work

  • 11,982 total trees

treated

  • 73,423 inches DBH
  • Average 0.54

acre/hour

  • Cost/acre = $82.09
  • Cost/tree = $5.60
  • Cost/inch = $0.91

DNR PRD

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Saugatuck Dunes

3 infested trees found in 2018 Returned for treatment in Summer 2019

  • 22 acres treated
  • 273 trees
  • 1,774 inches

9 additional trees found during the current survey

  • season. The crew will

return to treat in 2020

DNR PRD

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Silver Lake

FY 2018

  • 122 acres treated
  • 2,865 trees
  • 16,927 inches

FY 2019/2020

  • 161 acres treated
  • 1,860 trees
  • 14,673 inches

DNR PRD

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Charles Mears State Park

  • Infected tree found
  • n August 29, 2018.
  • The infection was

treated the next day.

  • Surrounding non-

infected trees were also treated preventively.

  • 114 trees treated
  • 1,076 inches DBH

DNR PRD

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DNR Mears SP

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Challenges of HWA Survey and Treatment

  • Difficult to access sites
  • Costs of chemicals and

equipment

  • Acre limit for chemicals

DNR Saugatuck Dunes SP DNR PJ Hoffmaster SP

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Rewards of Field Work

  • Scenic views
  • Learning new plants and

mushroom species

  • Herping
  • Birding
  • Forest Bathing
  • Getting a free workout

DNR Saugatuck Dunes SP DNR PRD

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Future Plan

Survey priority parks through winter 2020:

  • Wilderness
  • Fisherman’s Island

Continue treatment in summer 2020:

  • Saugatuck
  • Muskegon
  • Duck Lake
  • Hoffmaster
  • Silver Lake

Monitor previous treatment areas

DNR

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What if I think I find HWA in a State Park?

Quarantine: Allegan, Ottawa, Muskegon, Oceana Counties Inside quarantine:

  • Contact DNR PRD Stewardship Unit
  • Take photo, record GPS location

Outside quarantine:

  • Contact DNR PRD Stewardship Unit.
  • Take photo, record GPS location
  • Must be verified by MDARD and USDA
  • Do not broadcast until verified
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Midwest Invasive Species Information Network www.misin.msu.edu

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Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in MI Recommendations for Landowners

www.michigan.gov/HWA

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Questions?

Thank you to the following funding sources

Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program