Electromagnetic Field Exposure from Proposed Mini BTS Sites at Ludwigsdorf Frans Meyer EMSS Stellenbosch, South Africa
EM Software & Systems Resume: EMSS • 80+ Engineers and Scientists (13 PhDs in EM engineering) • Software & Services in Electromagnetic Engineering - Antenna Design and Optimization - EM Interference Investigations - Radiation Hazards Studies
EMSS Resume: Bio-ElectroMagnetics • Work on Human Exposure to EMF since 1993 • Research on Exposure to Cellphones / BTS (1999->) • Thousands of Site Surveys (measurements) • 27 International Conference Presentations … 7 Journal Publications
Radio Frequency Fields in Our Environment
Radio Frequency Fields in Our Environment Radio Base Stations TV Microwave Ovens Comms in Vehicles Cellphones
Radio Frequency Fields in Our Environment Mobile Phones FM AM Lasers radio radio Satellite TV 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 X rays Gamma rays Hz kHz MHz GHz THz Radio frequency Ionising emissions radiation Non-ionising Ionising
Radio Frequency Fields in Our Environment EMF Exposure EMF Exposure Base Station Base Station Base Station Base Station
Guidelines for Safe Exposure
Guidelines for Safe Exposure ICNIRP Guidelines (1998,2009) • Thousands of Research Studies (since 1950s). • Intense periods of research: 1970s (Microwave Oven), 1990s • ICNIRP: Endorsed by World Health Organization (WHO): Reviews: European Commission (2009), Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (2010), UK Health Protection Agency (2012) • Animals and human experiments show: … high enough levels of RF exposure cause heating … ALL other studies are considered (low EMF levels) --- --- no consistent evidence of ANY harm
Ongoing Research Why Ongoing Research? 1 0.9 0.8 • Cellphone Exposure 0.7 0.6 ... Close to the guidelines 0.5 ... Subtle long term effects? 100 x below 0.4 0.3 … WHO : Classification as 0.2 Group 2B Possible Carcinogen 0.1 0 • Base Station Exposure World Health Organization: ... Exposure from TV and Radio for more than 50 years … Inadequate Evidence to classify Base Stations / TV / Radio ... Due to very low exposure from base stations, future research is focused on exposure from cellphones
Lets Review what we’ve Covered EMF in our Environment: • - Human exposure since 1950s from Radio, TV, Microwave, Etc. Guidelines for Safe Exposure: • - Based on good science, comprehensive reviews and up to date information (… 2011) Research continues: • - Cellphones exposure : 2B possible carcinogen Base Station Exposure: As low as Radio and TV exposure (50 • years+) WHO: not a possible carcinogen Base Station
Compliance with International Safety Standards
Compliance with Safety Standards 100%=Safety Guidelines 0.148% is 650 times lower
Compliance with Safety Standards Your Field Exposure Values 100% = Safety Guidelines 1 Current Total Exposure: Measured 0.9 Current Mobile Exposure: Measured 0.8 0.7 Additional Mobile Exposure: Predicted % of ICNIRP 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ICNIRP
Exposure vs Safety Standards: Predictions Antenna 2300 times below ICNIRP
Compliance with Safety Standards Your Field Exposure Values 100% = Safety Guidelines 1 Current Total Exposure: Measured 0.9 Current Mobile Exposure: Measured 0.8 0.7 Additional Mobile Exposure: Predicted % of ICNIRP 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ICNIRP
Radio Frequency Fields in Our Environment Example: Field Exposure Values Francois' Room 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
Conclusions
Conclusions • Humans exposed to low-level EMF since 1950s • ICNIRP guidelines: Comprehensive Review (1998, 2009) • WHO,UK,EC, Swedish and Netherlands Health Panels agree • Maximum Additional Exposure at ground level: 2300 times below ICNIRP - World Health Organization (WHO) - European Commission (2009) - Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (2010) - UK Health Protection Agency (2012) 2300 times below ICNIRP
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