Promoting Cleaner & More Fuel Efficient Vehicle in Africa Jane - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Promoting Cleaner & More Fuel Efficient Vehicle in Africa Jane - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 04, 2022 217 likes •453 views

Promoting Cleaner & More Fuel Efficient Vehicle in Africa Jane Akumu UN Environment UN Environment Transport Programs Low sulphur fuels Vehicle emission standards (Euro 4/IV) Soot free buses (Euro IV/V) Fuel economy vehicles Electric

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Promoting Cleaner & More Fuel Efficient Vehicle in Africa

Jane Akumu UN Environment

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Vehicle emission standards (Euro 4/IV) Soot free buses (Euro IV/V) Fuel economy vehicles Low sulphur fuels Electric motorcycles NMT policies and infrastructure

UN Environment Transport Programs

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CO2 Emissions from Transport

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GFEI has set graduated global fuel economy improvement targets

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GFEI benefits towards national fuel and transport targets

Donors Partners

  • Reduce oil dependence (diversify fuels)
  • Improve balance of payments
  • Reduce pollutant emissions
  • Reduce greenhouse gases
  • Promote domestic economies/jobs
  • Long term strategy that will involve multiple policy

interventions

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Information Campaigns Outreach to Stakeholders Support Policy Making Efforts Data Collection & Analysis

GFEI

GFEI Activities

Vehicle Type Model Manufacturer Body type Simplified Body Type Segment Axle configuration Driven wheels Engine cylinders Engine ccm CC Category Engine kW KW class Engine horse power Engine valves Fuel type Model year Number of gears Transmission type Turbo Gross vehicle weight Height Length Number of seats

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GFEI Country Engagement

countries with ongoing projects new countries 2016/2017 Countries expressed interest

1 Chile 28 Malaysia 63 Panama 2 Ethiopia 29 Bangladesh 64 Iran 3 Indonesia 30 Kazakhstan 65 Angola 4 Kenya 31 Mali 66 Bhutan 5 Georgia 32 Nigeria 67 Burkina Faso 6 Ivory Coast 33 Togo 68 Burundi 7 Mauritius 34 Tanzania 69 Cambodia 8 Jamaica 35 Rwanda 70 Cameroon 9 Montenegro 36 Bolivia 71 Cape Verde 10 Macedonia 37 Argentina 72 D.R. Congo 11 Costa Rica 38 Ecuador 73 Eritrea 12 Vietnam 39 Ukraine 74 Fiji 13 Morocco 40 Jordan 75 Guinea 14 Bahrain 41 Colombia 76 Iran 15 Tunisia 42 Djibouti 77 Kyrgyzstan 16 Thailand 43 Dominican Republic 78 Laos 17 Peru 44 Guatemala 79 Lesotho 18 Russia 45 Moldova 80 Marshall Islands 19 Benin 46 Pakistan 81 Mongolia 20 Algeria 47 Barbados 82 Namibia 21 Uruguay 50

  • St. Lucia

83 Niger 22 Nepal 51 Lebanon 84 Papua New Guinea 23 Paraguay 52 Zambia 85 Senegal 24 Sri Lanka 53 Ghana 86 Sierra Leone 25 Philippines 54 Malawi 87 Solomon Islands 26 Uganda 55 Zimbabwe 88 South Africa 27 Egypt 56 Honduras 89 Tajikistan 57 Nicaragua 90 Turkmenistan 58 El Salvador 91 Turkey 59 Botswana 92 Armenia 60 Mozambique 93 Azerbaijan 61 Myanmar 94 Serbia 62 Liberia 95 Samoa 96 Gambia 97 Uzbekistan 98 Bosnia-Herzegovina 99 Albania

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50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Passenger cars per 1000 persons

Motorization in Africa

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Average fuel economy in new cars in Non OECD countries is relatively high

New cars by size by country in 2015

Source: IEA/ GFEI, 2017. Working Paper 15

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Kenya 2010 2011 2012 Average (l/100km) 7.4 7.6 7.7

Average Fuel Economy Levels

Global 2005 2008 2011 2013 Average (l/100km) 8.07 7.67 7.2 7.1 OECD Average 8.1 7.6 7.0 6.9 Non-OECD Average 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.2 Mauritius 2005 2013 2014 Average (l/100km) 7.0 6.6 5.8 Ethiopia 2005 2010 Average (l/100km) 8.4 7.9 Algeria 2005 2008 2013 Average (l/100km) 7.5 7.4 7.0 Uganda 2005 2008 2011 2014 Average (l/100km) 10.94 11.14 11.34 12.15

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13 Source: UNEP, 2017 (unpublished).

Fuel economy policies can work substantially

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 Liters per 100 kilometers (L/100km) normalized to NEDC Test Cycle

Baseline Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy and Trends for New LDVs

Algeria Bahrain Chile China Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Egypt Ethiopia EU Georgia Indonesia Japan Kenya Mauritius Montenegro Peru Philippines Sri Lanka Uganda Uruguay US

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Example of Uganda

Uganda 2005 2008 2011 2014 Average (l/100km) 10.94 11.14 11.34 12.15

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Mauritius

  • Adopted a feebate scheme in 2011

at 158 CO2g/km

  • 2013 amended to 150 CO2g/km
  • 50 % excise duty waived on

electric and hybrid cars and registration fee

  • 2009 to 2014, hybrid increased

from 43 to 1824 and electric cars from 0 to 8

  • 2016 replace by a taxation system

with additional incentives to electric vehicles

Type Current New Conventional Up to 550 cc 15% 551-1000 cc 55% 45% 1001-1600 cc 55% 50% 1601-2000 cc 75% No change Above 2,000 cc 100% No change Hybrid Up to 1600 cc 55% 25% 1601-2000 cc 75% 45% Above 2000 cc 100% 70% Electric cars Up to 180 Kw 25% Above 180 Kw 25% No change

Mauritius 2005 2013 2014 Average (l/100km) 7.0 6.6 5.8

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Target group: Consumer Manufacturer Monetary tary Fiscal instruments Regulatory latory Fuel economy or CO2 emission standards Consum umer er information

  • rmation

Labelling

FE

Fuel economy policies & instruments

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European Union

  • 12% of total CO2 emissions from transport
  • mandatory emission reduction targets for

new cars

  • average for all new cars is 130 grams of CO2

per kilometre (g/km) by 2015 and 95g/km by 2021

  • fuel consumption, the 2015 target was
  • 5.6 l/100 km of petrol
  • 4.9 l/100 km of diesel
  • The 2021 target is
  • 4.1 l/100 km of petrol
  • 3.6 l/100 km of diesel
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  • China introduced Fuel Economy Standards for

LDV in September 2004: phase 1 from July 2005 and 2 phase from Jan 2008

  • 3rd most stringent in the world, behind the EU

and Japan

  • requires display fuel economy labels from 2009
  • banned the import of used vehicles for uses
  • ther than personal, diesel vehicles (except

Jeeps) and two-stroke engine cars

  • penalize large-engine cars and encourages the

purchase of fuel efficient cars

  • China is the only country having mandatory FE

standards for two wheelers in place (implemented 2009)

China’s Example

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  • Hybrid and electric cars in 2014 was 56% of the total number of cars
  • Hybrid-petrol, petrol and diesel vehicles attract 58%, 253% and 345%, respectively, in

excise tax

  • Fully electric vehicles are levied at 25%

Hybrid and Electric cars in Sri Lanka

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  • Vehicle excise tax rates in

Thailand combines CO2 ratings and engine capacity

  • Mandatory eco-sticker

Labeling and CO2-based Tax in Thailand

Types of Vehicles Fuel type / Tax rates

CO2/ engine capacity E10/ E20 E85/ NGV Hybrid Passenger vehicles – cars and vans with less than 10 seats ≤ 100 g/km 30 25

10

101-150 g/km 30 25

20

151-200 g/km 35 30

25

>200 g/km 40 35

30

>3,000 cc 50 50

50

~~~~~~ Electric vehicle/ fuel cell ≤ 3,000 cc (180 Kw) 10 > 3,000 cc (180 Kw) 50

Vehi cle mak

Source: Energy Policy and Planning Office and Department of Alternative Energy Development, 2015

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  • High vehicle growth rate to continue in

the region – over 10% growth rate

  • Need for fuel economy policies
  • Substantial reduction in fuel

consumption and CO2 emissions to be realized – supporting national

  • bjectives and the Paris Agreement
  • Improvement in air quality expected

through adoption of more advanced vehicles and technologies

  • Fuel economy improvements need to

be part of a broader transport strategy including:

  • vehicle imports
  • vehicle maintenance
  • eco driving
  • traffic flow/congestion
  • mass transit

Conclusion

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Air Quality and Mobility Unit Economy Division United Nations Environment P.O. Box 30552 00100 Nairobi Kenya E-mail : Jane.Akumu@unenvironment.org Websites: http://unep.org/transport/ www.globalfueleconomy.org