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Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Presentation of Tim Brunst in the context of his Master‘s Thesis Institute for Technical Physics – Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and www.kit.edu National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

Closed tritium cycle of fusion reactors Torus Torus D 2 ,T 2 D + T 4 He + n + 17,6 MeV Storage / Delivery Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 2 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Closed tritium cycle of fusion reactors Torus Torus 4 He, T 2 , D 2 , … D 2 ,T 2 D + T 4 He + n + 17,6 MeV Detriitiation / Storage / exhaust Delivery treatment Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 3 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Closed tritium cycle of fusion reactors Torus Torus 4 He, T 2 , D 2 , … D 2 ,T 2 D + T 4 He + n + 17,6 MeV Detriitiation / Storage / exhaust Delivery treatment D 2 ,T 2 Isotopologue Exhaust H 2 , D 2 , T 2 , separation HD, HT, DT H 2 Large amounts (~kg/h) of hydrogen (H, D, T) must be recycled continuously. Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 4 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

How do we separate hydrogen isotopologues? Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 5 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

How do we separate hydrogen isotopologues? Cryogenic distillation. Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 6 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

How do we separate hydrogen isotopologues? Cryogenic distillation. Tritium Enrichment Test Assembly (TRENTA) Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 7 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

TRENTA and cryogenic distillation cold hot Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 8 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

TRENTA and cryogenic distillation Condenser Input Column Reboiler Improved separation through several distillation steps Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 9 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

TRENTA and cryogenic distillation Isot. T B /K (1 bar) H 2 20.3 HD 22.1 HT 22.9 D 2 23.6 DT 24.4 T 2 25.0 Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 10 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

TRENTA and cryogenic distillation Isot. T B /K (1 bar) H 2 20.3 HD 22.1 Every HT 22.9 isotopologue can occur highly D 2 23.6 concentrated DT 24.4 T 2 25.0 Continuous, real-time monitoring of column content necessary Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 11 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

How do we monitor the column content? Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 12 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

How do we monitor the column content? Infrared spectroscopy. Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 13 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

How do we monitor the column content? Infrared spectroscopy. Tritium Absorption Infrared Experiment (TApIR) Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 14 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Monitoring with TApIR Analyser IR source „white“ light Total spectrum Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 15 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Monitoring with TApIR Analyser Detector Sample IR source Absorption length „white“ light Total spectrum Absorption spectrum Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 16 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Monitoring with TApIR concentration of isotopologues peak position type of isotopologues Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 17 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Non-linear calibration functions Trend unpredictable Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 18 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Non-linear calibration functions Trend unpredictable Calibration spectra of the entire phase space of concentrations Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 19 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Calibration with reference samples Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 20 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Calibration with reference samples Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 21 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Calibration with reference samples Calibration through extrapolation to highly concentrated HD Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 22 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Objectives Production of highly concentrated HD (>50%) Cryogenic distillation with TRENTA Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 23 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Objectives Production of highly concentrated HD (>50%) Cryogenic distillation with TRENTA Verification of extrapolated calibration of TApIR Comparison with other spectroscopic systems Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 24 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Objectives Production of highly concentrated HD (>50%) Cryogenic distillation with TRENTA Verification of extrapolated calibration of TApIR Comparison with other spectroscopic systems Stability analysis of highly concentrated HD Long-term measurements in gaseous and liquid phase Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 25 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Production of highly concentrated HD Brunst, Tim: Production and Utilisation of highly concentrated HD for the Validation of the 26 16-06-27 Institute for Technical Physics Calibration of Hydrogen Analysis Systems at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe