The Nikhef Dark Matter Group Patrick Decowski decowski@nikhef.nl Nikhef Jamboree 2015, Amsterdam
Auke-Pieter Colijn Patrick Decowski Andrew Brown Jelle Aalbers Andrea Tiseni Daniela Erik Hogenbirk Remenska Dorine Schenk Frank Linde Sander Breur Chris Tunnell MSc student PhD candidate Postdoc Rest
Auke-Pieter Colijn Patrick Decowski Andrew Brown Jelle Aalbers Andrea Tiseni Daniela Erik Hogenbirk Remenska Dorine Schenk Frank Linde Sander Breur Left the group: Chris Tunnell MSc student Maria Bader Bart Pelssers PhD candidate Postdoc Rest
Our Activities 100cm 30cm 10cm XENON100 XAMS (0.5kg Xe): ALL (160kg Xe): Analysis XENON1T (3500kg Xe), XENONnT (7000kg Xe) Cryostat & Support DAQ / Trigger Dataprocessor Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
Use annual modulation: DM claim Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
Use annual modulation: DM claim Modulation present in 2-6 keV, absent above 6 keV Aug 2013: 9.2 σ significance of modulation signal Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
Identifying Electronic and Nuclear Recoils DM Nuclear Recoils γ -source n-source Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
Identifying Electronic and Nuclear Recoils DM DM Electronic Recoils Nuclear Recoils γ -source n-source Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
Identifying Electronic and Nuclear Recoils DM DM Electronic Recoils Nuclear Recoils γ -source ER vs NR discr. n-source Parameter Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
DM-electron scattering limits Rate (counts/(keV tonne day)) 1030 DAMA/LIBRA 1025 Excl. @ 4.4 σ “DC Analysis”: 1020 40 1015 35 Xe vs NaI 1010 30 25 1005 20 1000 15 995 10 XENON100 XENON100 Coll, Science 2015 vol. 349 no. 6250, 851, 5 arXiv:1507.07747 0 Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar
DM-electron scattering limits Rate (counts/(keV tonne day)) 1030 DAMA/LIBRA 1025 Excl. @ 4.4 σ “DC Analysis”: 1020 40 1015 35 Xe vs NaI 1010 30 25 1005 20 1000 15 995 10 XENON100 XENON100 Coll, Science 2015 vol. 349 no. 6250, 851, 5 arXiv:1507.07747 0 Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan Mar -2log( L 1 / L max ) 12 σ 3 10 8 6 σ 2 4 σ 1 2 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 “AC Analysis” Amplitude [events/(keV·tonne·day)] 12 12 Expected 1 2 3 σ σ σ XENON100 DAMA/LIBRA 10 95% C.L. 10 99.73% C.L. expected 8 8 best fit phase from DM halo 6 Excl. @ 4.8 σ 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2 4 6 81012 -2log( L 1 / L max ) XENON100 Coll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 091302 (2015), arXiv:1507.07748 Phase [Days]
Detailed Calibration program J. Collar, arXiv: 1303.2686 LUX Coll, arXiv: 1512.03133 5000 88 YBe ( γ , n) source: Data Tritium Beta mono-energetic Count/(0.25 keV) 4000 neutrons 3000 2000 1000 0 0 5 10 15 20 Energy (keV) • Use XENON100 to test many different calibrations and technologies • Neutron calibration through 88 YBe - study low mass WIMPs • Electronic recoil calibration • 83m Kr • Tritiated methane: CH 3 T • Radon spike tests to do cryogenic distillation of radon
Ongoing Analyses • XENON100: • Low-mass WIMP analysis (Andrea, Chris) • Response to very low energy nuclear recoils (Andrew) • Update of “vanilla” WIMP analysis (Andrew) • XENON1T: • Data Acquisition System (Chris) • Data processing software (Chris, Jelle) • Event classification, statistics (Jelle) • Radon background analysis (Sander) • Gain Calibration (Erik) • Prototype Amplifier (Sander)
Ongoing Analyses • XENON100: • Low-mass WIMP analysis (Andrea, Chris) • Response to very low energy nuclear recoils (Andrew) • Update of “vanilla” WIMP analysis (Andrew) • XENON1T: • Data Acquisition System (Chris) • Data processing software (Chris, Jelle) • Event classification, statistics (Jelle) • Radon background analysis (Sander) Chris Tunnell became • Gain Calibration (Erik) XENON1T analysis • Prototype Amplifier (Sander) co-coordinator
XENON1T Shown @ Jamboree’13 Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
XENON1T Shown @ Shown @ Jamboree’13 Jamboree’14 Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
XENON1T Shown @ Shown @ Jamboree’13 Jamboree’14 Inauguration on Nov 11, 2015 Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA
Patrick Decowski - UvA/Nikhef
Patrick Decowski - UvA/Nikhef
Patrick Decowski - UvA/Nikhef
Patrick Decowski - UvA/Nikhef
Patrick Decowski - UvA/Nikhef
Thank You’s to Technical Dept! • PDP / CT Group: • Under Ground → Above Ground network installation and optimization, Best LNGS connectivity to any institute, DAQ hardware, general computing advice - Tristan Suerink • GRID support, Tier-0 etc. - Jeff Templon, Jan-Just Keijser, David Groep • eScience: • (through PathFinder Grant) ROOT - Python integration - Daniela Remenska • ET Group: • Prototype XENON1(n)T amplifier - Guido Visser, Frans Schreuder • MT Group: • Design of XENON1T calibration system - Boudewijn vd Kroon, Rob Walet • Manufacture of many tiny TPC parts - Rob Leguijt, Rob Buis And many more!
XAMS: LXe R&D @ Nikhef
XAMS TPC Main improvement: tagged γ -source 11 Ne ∗ + β + + ν e 22 10 Na → 22 Just received permit for Design by an AmBe n-source Rob Walet
XAMS Data Same dataprocessing SW as XENON1T S2 Gas Liquid e - E e - e - S1 22 Na Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA 17
XAMS Data Same dataprocessing SW as XENON1T S2 Gas Liquid e - E e - e - S1 22 Na Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA 17
XAMS Data Same dataprocessing SW as XENON1T S2 Gas Liquid e - E e - e - S1 22 Na Electron lifetime of 429 μ s Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA 17
Modulation Experiment 60 Co Cobalt-60 4 iden'cal experiments: Half life from 5.11 ± 0.17 year experiment Half life from 5.27 year literature Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA 18
Summary • Dark Matter Group entering interesting time • XENON100 is a useful test facility and still some analyses coming out • XENON1T entering commissioning phase • Preparations for XENONnT - 2019 • XAMS facility a testbed for analyses and becoming R&D facility
Summary • Dark Matter Group entering interesting time • XENON100 is a useful test facility and still some analyses coming out • XENON1T entering commissioning phase • Preparations for XENONnT - 2019 • XAMS facility a testbed for analyses and becoming R&D facility
XENON100 Eletro-phillic DM Mean electronic recoil energy (keV) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DAMA/LIBRA annually modulated 12 spectrum (2-6)keV interpreted as Rate (counts/PE/tonne/day) leptophilic DM, axial-vector coupling 10 mirror DM XENON100 70 summer live days 8 XENON100 Coll, Science 2015 vol. 349 no. 6250, 851, arXiv:1507.07747 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 S1 (PE) -30 10 ) -31 2 10 DAMA/LIBRA (3 ) σ (cm -32 10 e 0 χ σ Axial-Vector cross-section -33 10 XENON100 (90% C.L.) -34 10 -35 10 -36 10 -37 10 SK, (90% C.L.) χ χ → τ τ -38 10 SK, (90% C.L.) χ χ → ν ν -39 10 0.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 100 200 1000 2 Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA 20 WIMP Mass m (GeV/c ) χ
Yesterday’s New LUX results 5 − 40 10 10 10 Q y (e � / keV) WIMP − nucleon cross section ( cm 2 ) CDMSlite 2015 WIMP − nucleon cross section ( zb ) 5 4 − 41 10 10 3 3 − 42 SuperCDMS 2014 10 10 10 L y (ph / keV) PandaX 2015 2 − 43 10 10 DarkSide − 50 2015 5 XENON100 2012 3 1 − 44 10 10 LUX 2014 This Result 8 B 1 Efficiency 0 − 45 10 10 0.1 0.01 − 1 10 1 2 3 10 10 10 m WIMP ( GeV/c 2 ) 0.001 1 10 100 Nuclear recoil energy (keV) LUX Coll, arXiv:1512.03506 New low E data Patrick Decowski - Nikhef/UvA 21
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