Priority-Based Smart Household Power Control Miroslav Prmek, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Priority-Based Smart Household Power Control

Miroslav Prýmek, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech republic

aim & motivation

• harmonize power supply & demand by control on the consumption side
• small scale - household, block of houses
• cheap, simple, robust
• yet intelligent
• using existing technologies, but only open ones

supply/demand coupling - market models

• perfect but
• hard to compute
• latency
• extensive communication
• complicated logic ( → user cofiguration! )
• hardware requirements

priority-based model

• supply power to appliances according to the actual demand priority
• overall system behavior formed by the priority-changing rules
• rule sets can be designed to suit the particular appliance nature
• from really simple reactive-only ones to intelligent control
• → keeps hardware requirements as low as possible

model - appliance types

• interactive appliance (directly controlled by the user)
• intelligent interactive appliance
• deferrable-operation appliance
• feedback-controlled appliance

interactive appliance

• switched only on/off
• by the user
• mostly unpredictable
• instant reaction needed
• reactive agent, high priority, simple control, simple communication
• lights, kettle, TV

intelligent interactive appliance

• usually cannot react instantly (would you just cut the PC power off?)
• but power control is more fine-grained than on/off
• usually supports some kind of scheduling
• requires more complicated communication and logic
• PC

deferrable-operation appliance

• user expects the result, not the activity
• the result is expected “in a short time”

, but not “precisely now”

• other non-crucial properties: interruptible, power profile controllable, ...
• washing machine, dryer, dishwasher, slow cooker, ...

feedback-controlled appliance

• the appliance tries to keep some value in the predefined bounds
• classical control: regular oscillation between the bounds
• but regularity is not strictly needed → we can get flexibility
• power demand priority rises with the distance from the desired value
• “power accumulator”

5 4 3 °C Priority Time maximal power accumulation no power accumulated 22 6 5 4 3 6

r e f r i d g e r a t i

• n

conventional

• peration

cycle

r e f r i d g e r a t i

• n

scheduling

X X 100W 100W 100W 100 200 300 400 500 W

cumulated demand available power time time

matching

photovoltaic grid UPS/generator

priority demand 1 demand 2 demand 3 demand 4

examples

• use cheaper power first
• peek elimination (1)
• disasters: eliminate

unnecessary consumption (2)

• eliminate excessive

production

X X

X X X

1 2 3 1 2 3

cumulated demand time priority available power normal grid blackout sun peak

prototype implementation

~ $3 ~ $2

RS485

custom open extensible protocol

Atmel AVR

prototype implementation

Erlang

thank you