PRESENTED BY: ZITA MOHD FAHMI Malaysian Qualifications Agency - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PRESENTED BY: ZITA MOHD FAHMI Malaysian Qualifications Agency - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 23, 2022 339 likes •574 views

PRESENTED BY: ZITA MOHD FAHMI Malaysian Qualifications Agency zmf/aqan/2012 1 POINTS Knowledge National systems-HE reforms National Quality Assurance bodies & NQF Global Challenges Regional QA networks-why

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PRESENTED BY: ZITA MOHD FAHMI Malaysian Qualifications Agency

zmf/aqan/2012 1

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SLIDE 2

POINTS

  • Knowledge
  • National systems-HE reforms
  • National Quality Assurance bodies & NQF
  • Global Challenges
  • Regional QA networks-why
  • Regional framework approach
  • 3 Regional Networks –QA standards
  • Regional collaborations
  • AQAN
  • Overall efforts-commonalities
  • Critical factors

2 zmf/aqan/2012

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Knowledge & Reforms

  • Has become the single most

important factor in economic development and global competitiveness

  • National reforms in education (&

high education in the last 4 decades and still going strong

  • Global supply of learners
  • Rationalising challenges and

strategies lead to various regional efforts

3 zmf/aqan/2012

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HE Reforms Challenges National EQA

  • Massification, universal access, ICT role
  • Universities -“corporate, business like”
  • Public good and export commodities
  • More autonomy but higher level of accountability
  • External controls and regulations
  • Flexibility, adaptability and relevancy of EQA

systems

  • EQA must go global

4 zmf/aqan/2012

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SLIDE 5

National Quality Assurance Bodies

  • The role of national QA bodies that “takes care of

the confidence systems of HE has the responsibility for assessing the quality of education, and of cultivating mutual benefits for all stakeholders out there-- nurturing confidence, uphold higher education as a public good, and the status of that higher education system at the international level.

  • 172 listed national quality assurance bodies in as

full member with INQAAHE

5 zmf/aqan/2012

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SLIDE 6

National Qualifications Framework

  • Over 121 national qualifications

frameworks

  • That all NQF should be beneficial to all key

stakeholders-such as promote public understanding, harmonise qualifications, clarity, resolve barriers, promote LLL and progression, promote access, mobility and equal opportunity, human resource planning, supports employability, national needs and culture and create higher education space.

  • National EQA and IQA are built to ensure

“compliance”

6 zmf/aqan/2012

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Managing Global Challenges and GATS

  • Regionalisation/regionalism
  • Geo-politic, economic

factors, regional integration, and “neighbourly assistance”

  • Professional accords at

regional level and international standards

  • EU, Latin America, SADC,

ASEAN, inter-regional initiatives (ASEM, EAS)

7 zmf/aqan/2012

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SLIDE 8

Regional Quality Assurance Bodies Networks

12 listed networks

  • INQAAHE
  • ENQA
  • Central Europe
  • Eastern Europe
  • Nordic countries
  • ANQAHE
  • APQN
  • SADC
  • AQAN
  • Latin/Caribean-2 network
  • Professional associations in engineering Europe)
  • Many international Accords

regulate professions Regional Networks Meetings “Convergence?” Inter-regional collaborations

8 zmf/aqan/2012

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Regionalism: Higher Education Area l

WHY?

  • Higher education space
  • Peer pressure
  • “Harmonisation efforts”-not standardisation
  • Clear comparability frame
  • International transparency
  • International recognition
  • International mobility-identifying points of articulations
  • Building a common quality base
  • Quality students and workforce

9 zmf/aqan/2012

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Noted Approach By Networks

  • A commitment to develop common

principles and practices in quality assurance

  • Scoping study-questionnaire,

assessment of current national EQA, needs analysis

  • Common Glossary
  • Decide on strategies
  • Build framework
  • Capacity building and monitoring and

review

  • Developing supporting guidelines and

Instruments

10 zmf/aqan/2012

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3 Main Bodies-Regional Quality Assurance Standards

  • INQAAHE- Guide to Good Practices
  • ENQA- Bologna Process, ENQA Standards and Guide,

ENQF

  • Asia Pacific Quality Network- Chiba Principles

(Not covering regional qualifications frameworks or works

  • f international organisations such UNESCO (regional

conventions for recognition or guidelines on Cross Border Higher Education) , OCED or World Bank)

11 zmf/aqan/2012

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Guidelines

  • f

Good Practice in Quality Assurance (GGP-QA), INQAAHE (2007 revised) Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education (ESQ-QA), ENQA (2005) A Framework for Higher Education Quality Assurance Principles in the Asia Pacific Region (Chiba Principles), APQN (2008)

12 zmf/aqan/2012

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GGP-QA INQAAHE ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES

  • Governance – mandate,

structure, goals

  • QA policies-institutional
  • Human & Financial

Resources

  • Reporting public

information

  • Periodic Reviews
  • Collaboration
  • Cross-Border Higher

Education

  • Official status
  • Mission & goals
  • Human &

Financial Resources

  • Accountability

procedures – Published policy, documentation, cyclical external review

  • Independent & autonomous
  • Mission & goals
  • Human & financial resources
  • Published policies,

procedures & review report

  • Documentation of standards,

processes, decision & appeals

  • Periodic reviews
  • International Collaborations
  • Research

Governance Resources

Continuous Improvement

Information Disclosure

Independent & Autonomous

13 zmf/aqan/2012

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GGP-QA INQAAHE ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES

  • Relationship with

institutions

  • Requirements for

performance - standards

  • Requirements on Self

Evaluation & Reporting

  • External evaluation –

quality documents & peer reviewers

  • Decisions
  • Appeals
  • Evaluate IQA

effectiveness

  • On regular basis
  • QA process development
  • Stakeholders

engagements

  • Published criteria
  • Process fit for purpose
  • Published report
  • Follow up procedures

etc.

  • QA on cyclical basis
  • Standards development
  • Stakeholders

engagements

  • Published criteria
  • Self Assessment, peer

reviews & published report

  • Procedure on

Reviewers – non conflict

  • f interest
  • Follow up procedures
  • Appeals

Policy

Process & Procedure Stakeholders Engagement Quality Documents & Reporting Peer Review Self Assessment Cyclical

14 zmf/aqan/2012

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ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES

  • Policy and procedures of QA
  • Approval, monitoring &

review of programs

  • QA of teaching staff
  • Assessment of students
  • Learning resources and

student support

  • Information system
  • Public information
  • Enculturation of QA
  • QA alignment with

institutional goals

  • Policy and procedures of QA
  • Approval, monitoring &

review of programs

  • QA of teaching staff
  • CQI strategies
  • Public information

Policy Educational Focus Public Outreach Process & Procedure

15 zmf/aqan/2012

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GGP-QA INQAAHE ESG-QA ENQA CHIBA PRINCIPLES

  • Audit for INQAAHE’

Endorsement of Compliance

  • Listed into a

Register on the INQAAHE’s website

  • Stock-Taking of

Compliance in Bi- Annual Conference

  • f European

Ministries of Education

  • APQN

Consideration of Membership

16 zmf/aqan/2012

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How comprehensive regional framework should be?

Generic? Broad principles? META Strategies - Initiatives by ENQA From Bologna Process to

  • Lisbon Convention
  • Quality assurance standard &

procedures

  • Communiqués
  • Declarations
  • Students
  • ECTS
  • ENQF-TVET
  • Tuning Project
  • Many others initiatives
  • Other countries benchmarking

exercises

17 zmf/aqan/2012

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ASEAN-QA: Joint QA Capacity Development in QA in the ASEAN region

Projects

… support developing countries in the establishment of transnational quality assurance systems

  • DAAD: access to university network, years of experience in

conducting regional QA project (DIES), DAAD offices on site

  • HRK: involved in QA policy, access to QA experts and network/s both

in Germany and in Europe

  • Potsdam University: QA best practice, international contacts to SEA,

experience with management of DIES projects

  • AUN: access to ASEAN universities, AUN-QA Initiative, AUN-model as

reference point, AUN-CQO (trainers)

  • AQAN & ENQA: network of the agencies in the two regions, link to

EQA

  • SEAMEO-RIHED: regional policy maker, connection to the political

level

  • Regional QA Experts and staff from German agencies such as ASIIN,

FIBAA

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Work In Progress ASEAN Quality Agencies Network Initiatives for AQAAFHE

19 zmf/aqan/2012

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ASEAN Quality Agencies Network Initiatives for AQAAFHE

EQAA Principles:

  • generic guides pertaining to, among
  • thers,

establishment, mandate and governance

  • f

a national quality assurance agency

EQA Process Principles:

  • generic guides pertaining to, among
  • thers,

quality assurance policies, standards and mechanisms applied by the agency

Institutional QA Principles:

  • generic

guides pertaining to the internal quality assurance arrangements set up by a higher education institution

Qualifications Principles:

  • generic

guides pertaining to the characteristics

  • f

a national qualifications framework

  • r

its sub systems

PROJECT’s PROPOSED FOCUS Regional Recognition Regional harmonization in higher education

20 zmf/aqan/2012

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Overall identifies “Commonalities…”

  • Recognise diversities
  • Recognise the primacy of national

systems

  • Central place to institutional

autonomy

  • QA is the responsibility of HEIs
  • acknowledge that QA is a generic

term

  • Does not include detailed

procedures

  • Provide only examples
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Some of the Critical Success Factors

  • National commitment
  • Support UNESCO and other funding

agencies

  • Dialogues
  • Role of Networks to support national EQA
  • Persuasive but non legally binding
  • National capacity and response- model to

its needs - policy adaption better than borrowing

  • Initiatives for self referencing or

certification

  • Important to address NQF and RQF -Can

learning outcomes be globalised?

  • A thousand mile begins with the first step.

22 zmf/aqan/2012

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Thank You

Zita Mohd Fahmi

zita@mqa.gov.my

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