Presented by: ABDUL KARIM Executive Director Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association
Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association was established on 19 August 1972 VISION To deliver, with our volunteers and community partners, sustainable preventive, rehabilitation and aftercare programmes, towards a drug-free Singapore. MISSION To mobilise our community against drug abuse and strive towards a drug-free Singapore.
General Information Member of the National Council of Social Service (NCSS) Member of the Care Network Community Action for Rehabilitation of Ex-Offenders - (CARE) Network A mix of community and Government agencies, which - provides support for ex-offenders.
Focal Areas of our Work Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association was formed in 1972 and focus in : • Prevention of drug-abuse in youths through education and awareness - Badge Scheme • Prevention of re-offending in offenders upon release through Case Management
Badge Scheme Aims to immu munise nise studen udents ts against the dangers of drug and inhalant abuse through a series of presentations, tests and experiential learning About 6000 to 7000 uniformed group students attend the course each year Conducted during the school holidays for uniformed groups
Badge Scheme Multip iplie ier-effect ct enables participating students to act as trans nsfer er agents ts in educating their peers on the dangers and consequences of drug abuse. This is a compulsory requirement to earning their merit badge. Many of the participants have returned to serve as Badge ge Scheme me Instruct tructors to help train their juniors
Case Management Structured aftercare programme Case Management & Counselling for a selected group of ex-offenders and their families at risk of re-offending; and those who seek assistance in reintegration into society prior to their release.
CARE Network Community Action for the Rehabilitation of Ex-offenders Vision: Hope, Confidence and Opportunities for Ex-offenders • Formed in May 2000 • Aims to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation of ex-offenders in Singapore • Have grown from 8 government and non- government agencies to over 100 partners today
CARE Network The CARE Network seeks to: Set strategic directions for the comprehensive provision of aftercare support services to offenders and their families. Identify gaps to better meet the needs of offenders. Co-ordinate efforts between agencies to provide a seamless transition between incare and aftercare. Build capability and support continuous learning of the agencies. Engage the community through initiatives such as Yellow Ribbon Project (YRP) and Yellow Ribbon Fund (YRF)
Development of Aftercare Laying the Foundation The CARE Network was formed in 2000 with the aim to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation of ex-offenders in Singapore. The first few years was spent laying the foundation in aftercare work. 2001 2000 2003 Implementation of Case Launch of Lee Foundation Management Framework with Formation of CARE Education Assistance Scheme SANA and SACA Network Expanding our Reach To advocate 2 nd chances for ex-offenders and their families, the focus from 2004 to 2009 was on garnering community support and expanding our reach in the community. 2004 2005 Launch of Yellow 2006 2009 Ribbon Project & MCYS Joined CARE Introduction of Yellow Ribbon Fund Inaugural Yellow Network Family Resource Ribbon Run Centres
Development of Aftercare Strengthening the Framework The foundation & community support established in the earlier years bore fruit, with a large number of key initiatives being launched in the year 2010. These initiatives strengthened the framework for a vibrant aftercare sector. 2010 2010 2010 Launch of STAR Launch of Yellow Signing of Halfway Bursary & ISCOS Skills Ribbon Community House Service Model Assistance Subsidy Project Agreement Scheme Capability & Capacity Building With the introduction of Mandatory Aftercare Scheme and the increasingly challenging inmate profile, there is a need to build capability and capacity in the aftercare sector so as to enhance the programmes and services for offenders. 2014 2015 2011 2013 Developmental Framework Developing Aftercare Initiated CN Learning for Offender Rehab First CN Workplan Seminar Research Capability with Journey & Attachment Personnel implemented SACA Programme
Evidence-Based Practices Risk-Need-Responsivity Model Under the RNR model, there are 8 central factors that are most highly correlated with criminal behavior. Interventions need to address these factors. Anti-Social Attitudes Anti-Social Peers Anti-Social Personality Pattern History of Anti-Social Activities Family / Martial Issues Lack of Achievement in Education and Employment Lack of Pro-social Leisure Substance Abuse
CASE MANAGEMENT Journey of Helping a Client Under Case Voluntary Management Service 6 – 12 months 2 months Incare Aftercare Phase phase POST AFTERCARE – 2 years Peer Leaders Family Enrichment Development Programme Programme
OBJECTIVES To provide aftercare assistance, support and guidance through individual case management to the Target Group and their families (where possible) to help them cope during the initial period of the clients’ reintegration. To assist ex-offender in attaining employment, securing accommodation, developing social support and coping skills & attaining a positive lifestyle To address the specific criminogenic needs of the clients to prevent of re-offending or relapse.
Profile Educational Level Primary (1 - 6) 27.1% Secondary (1 - 4) 56.6% ITE Primary 10.8% 27.1% ITE/Higher Nitec (Yr 1 & 2) 10.8% Poly - Diploma (Yr 1 - 3) 2.7% Secondary 56.6% A Level / Pre-U cert (Yr 1 -2) 1.8% Bachelor's Degree (Yr 1 - 3) 0% Post-graduate Degree 0%
Number of Previous Incarceration 5% Profile No previous record 15% 01 incarceration 45% 16% None > 3 incarceration 02 incarceration One Two 19% Three 03 incarceration > 4
Profile Type of Drug consumed Majority of them consumed heroin (40%) Consumption of Ice on the increase (35%)
CHALLENGES IN REINTEGRATION Offenders have very high levels of need; In addition to addressing their client’s offending behaviour, often have to deal with problems relating to many areas: poor parenting, abuse, damaged relationships, criminal and anti-social peers; Low educational attainment; Substance abuse or dependency; Low income, Housing issues
CHALLENGES IN REINTEGRATION Less than 50% Programme Completion Rate prior to 2011. High drop out rate midway Inability to engage clients upon their release Failure to connect with clients prior to their release Lack of understanding of how Aftercare Case Managers are able to help Review of the Case Management Programme undertaken in 2011 Much improvement in programme completion rate
Completion Rate Year No of Cases Completed % 600 469 78 2011/12 2012/2013 474 396 84 2013/2014 331 284 86 2014/ 2015 170 145 85
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS Literature on Effective Interventions Ability of practitioners to convey accurate empathy, respect & warmth & a “ therapeutic genuineness ” – Engagement of client prior to release/Quality of interpersonal relationship; Meeting client at the Prison Gate Orientation to assimilate them (those more than 3 years of incarceration) Intensive counselling for clients with higher needs Reaching out and being in contact with client constantly Engaging the Family and providing avenues for family bonding (Studies show presence and availability of strong and positive family support play a crucial role in relapse prevention).
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS Mobilising Community Resources Collaboration with “The Shop City Project” - - Project Relief (Assistance to needy/vulnerable women) - Empowerment of Women Initiative (Skills Training & Certification in cosmetics, beauty & nails with possible employment - Tattoo Removal Program Care Network Yellow Ribbon Emergency Fund Funding support for training of Case Managers Education Skills Training Subsidies for Clients
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS General principle: A comprehensive approach to rehabilitation, with a range of services addressing the individual’s functioning across all key areas of their life – psychological, educational, employment and social circumstances
Continuum of Care Completion of 6 months is just the beginning, allowing Aftercare Case Manager to address the basic needs and getting the client to stabilise in the community 2 years of continued support offered to Client upon completion of 6 months programme Family Enrichment Programme (FEP ) and Peer Leaders Development Programme
POST - AFTERCARE FAMILY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME PEER LEADERS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Family Enrichment Programme Provides experiential learning for ex-offenders and their families in building confidence, social skills, problem- solving skills and encouraging willingness to attempt new challenges as a family. It also helps to strengthen family bonding
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