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PRESENTATION SESSIONS BREAKOUT International Conference on Sustainable Development and Livelihoods 2016 (ICSDL 2016) 26 - 28 August 2016 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Session 1A : THEME: Governance and Policy Studies 03.00 pm - 04.00 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: DK101 ICSDL2016-7 FISHERIES SURVEILLANCE IN THE OUTER ISLANDS IN ADDRESSING IUU FISHING TO PERFORM FISHERIES GOVERNANCE (STUDIES IN ENGGANO, NORTH BENGKULU, INDONESIA) Under article 47 of UNCLOS 1982 Indonesia as an archipelago state is entitled to draw archipelagic baselines from the outermost points of the

• utermost islands, hence, the presence of the outer islands is very

important not only in defense and security, but also in economy and

• ecology. One of the outermost islands of Indonesia is Enggano located in

Bengkulu province which is directly adjacent to the Indian ocean. The fish there is very potential, consequently it must be used responsibly to secure that it can benefit the future generation interests as well. To direct the actors to do responsible fisheries and comply to the governing laws, surveillance plays a substantial role. A field survey showed that apart from local fishers, there were also foreign-flagged fishing vessel in Enggano

• waters. As IUU fishing happens frequently in Indonesian waters, it is

important to know how the fisheries surveillance carried out on the island, therefore this research aims to get to know the legality of fishing conducted by foreign-flagged vessels; the constraints in surveillance and solutions envisaged. This is a normative legal research. Interviews were conducted to legal officers involved directly to the surveillance to complement the existing primary data. The results showed that the surveillance on Engganowaters cannot be performed optimally due to shortage of human resources in both quantity and quality (lack of legal knowledge of the inspectors), facilities (poor condition of surveillance vessels, supplies of fuel), the weather. To address these problems, there should be an enhancement of legal knowledge of the officers, cooperation and coherence among related institutions and involvement of community. The success of surveillance, laws, officers and community to manage enforce the law will result in a fisheries governance. Presenter: EMA SEPTARIA Author List: EMA SEPTARIA

ICSDL2016-25 POLICY OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA (Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism Mentality Reform In Performing Good Governance and Well Being) Corruption, collusion, and nepotism mentality in natural resource management policy in Indonesia, is like a cancer undermining the life of the nation time by time. Those practices is believed won’t change to a beter trend (decrease) but worse. The issues raised and the objectives to be achieved in this study is to describe how the mentality of collusion, collusion, and nepotism in natural resource management policies, and what efforts can be done to change them in performing a good

• governance. This is a normative legal study examining the general

principles of law in the form of the moral values of the behavior of state

• fficials in the management of natural resources. The data was collected

by reviewing primary literature. The analysis used was descriptive qualitative, based on the theory and principles of law as the basic principle

• r ethics in the management of natural resources. The results show that

power and authority are used as a tool by the authorities to carry out negative conspiracies, a negative symbiotic mutualism which includes in grave violations of human rights. The efforts that can be done to change the mentality of corruption, collusion, and nepotism to the mentality of anti- corruption, collusion, and nepotism in the development policy of natural resource management is by Uber Ich ethical approach: first, reforming the ethical and moral values for the organizers of the country (the norm as guidance or source of ethics in his actions). Secondly, by developing legal principles with a more forcing character in compliancing and enforcing environmental law. Presenter: ISKANDAR Author List: ISKANDAR

ICSDL2016-33 PERCEPTION OF PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS ON THE GOVERNANCE OF NATIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY (NSWMP) IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA Rapid increasing of solid waste generated in urban of Malaysia every year is considered as one of the crucial issues. Therefore, effective solid waste management is significant needed. Policy is an approach as well as tool used by the Malaysia Government to attain effective management in solid

• waste. National Solid Waste Management Policy (NSWMP) has been

introduced as main guideline in Malaysia’s solid waste management. Implementation of NSWMP has involves stakeholders. Hence, the governance of NSWMP implementation is crucial by stakeholders. Accordingly, this study was designed to explore the perception of primary stakeholders on the governance of NSWMP implementation at Kuala

• Lumpur. The perception of respondents were analysed based on five (5)

variables namely policy context, resources, staff competency, implementation system and good governance practices. Besides that, awareness level of stakeholders on good governance practices was measured to understand the distinct perception of respondents. A total of 116 respondents were selected through random stratified sampling as a

• sample. The respondents selected were the staff of Department of

National Solid Waste Management and Solid Waste Corporation Kuala

• Lumpur. The data of this study was collected via questionnaire distribution.

After that, all the data were analysed by applying descriptive statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistical analysis (t-test and ANOVA). The result of the study shows awareness level of respondents on good governance practices was high. Moreover, the perception of respondents on the governance of NSWMP implementation was good. Statistic shows the awareness level and perception of respondents was correlated. However, there is elements need improvement in the governance of policy implementation such as staff capacity, monitoring and accountable of stakeholders. Presenter: Muhamad Azahar Abas Author List: Muhamad Azahar Abas

ICSDL2016-34 LEGAL AWARENESS OF COASTAL SOCIETY IN MARINE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TO PROMOTE MARITIME FLUCRUM CONCEPT Maritime flucrum is a concept Indonesia dream of as an archipelagic

• states. For that goal there is a need to shift development from land to sea,

according to the potential and geographic conditions Indonesia. Marine development has a complexity requiring a holistic and comprehensive

• approach. One important approach is legal approach as foundation of

policy in implementation. Legal instrument is not only about the law itself but also legal structure and legal culture. In this context human resource plays an important role, especially coastal society. Readiness and support in terms of attitudes and behaviors related to the legal culture of society in the face and implement these changes have an important role. Non doctrinal legal research by socio-legal approach found problems over legal awareness coastal society. For most of coastal community sea a place to seek for livelihood both in fisheries and non fisheries sector. However, they still relatively prosperous and in term of business theirs are including micro and small scale enterprises. Therefore, in order to play an active role to implement sustainable development of marine and to support the realization of maritime flucrum we need in a comprehensive development and empowerment of the coastal communities. Presenter: Nursulistyo Budi Ambarini Author List: Nursulistyo Budi Ambarini Session 1B : THEME: Entrepreneurship 03.00 pm - 04.00 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: DK102 ICSDL2016-17 The Warehouse's Efficient SME Tracking (WEST) Logistic Supply Chain System Applying For Small Entrepreneur In Malaysia WEST is a strategic tool to gain competitive advantage in managing logistic supply chain processes. It is secured, web based technology solution to streamline supply chain execution. This supply chain is visible to customers and company’s supply chain entities. The purpose is to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in tracing and tracking their order and goods. The focus group of this system is to all SMEs that liaise with customers or partners and deliver their product directly to them. For the first version (Version 1.0), it requires the company to go live online with the web system. In future, with upgraded Version 2.0 it is expected to improvise where the driver will use smart phone or devices to go live and update the good’s delivery on the spot. In short, this system is a useful tool to help SMEs in tracking and managing logistics and transportation processes. Presenter: Noraishah Kamarolzaman Author List: Noraishah Kamarolzaman

ICSDL2016-31 FEMALE GARMENTS WORKERS SAFETY IN BANGLADESH: A SPOT LIGHT ON GARMENTS INDUSTRY The readymade garment (RMG) sector has been a boon for Bangladesh. Bangladesh enters 2013 with firm footing as the world’s second largest garment exporter, raising hopes for a new wave of business despite turbulent times in some parts of the globe. Bangladesh, being a developing country has few sectors to earn foreign currency. But it is a matter of great sorrow that the working condition of workers is very bad. GSP cancellation is the only result of security lacking. The main objective

• f this research was to analyze the present scenario of working ambience
• f the female workers and to find out the remedy of this fragile condition.

There are sufficient laws and regulations regarding workers safety but there is huge lacking of the implementation of the laws and regulations. In the working place female workers are the most victim of security lacking. Most of the respondents strongly agree with the statement that proper safety and security can enrich workers’ productivity and they can contribute more to our socio economic development. Without this researchers tried to identify the significant of every independent variables by conducting regression analysis. So far it is quite difficult for government to ensure safety to the female workers solely. Garment owners have to change their mental state regarding working safety and remuneration of the female workers. Now it is a matter of great hope that by the pressure

• f global clients and human rights organizations garment owners and govt.

are now much more cautious about working safety and the benefits of

• workers. If appropriate measures are taken to improve the security of

workers, soon we again will get GSP facilities. Presenter: Santus Kumar Deb, Prosanjit Saha, Biplab Roy Author List: Santus Kumar Deb, santus@du.ac.bd ICSDL2016-47 Kecenderungan Keusahawanan Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Fakulti Keusahawanan dan Perniagaan di Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Semangat keusahawanan yang semakin hangat di perkatakan sejak akhir akhir ini telah mencetuskan suatu idea kepada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). Menyedari kepentingan pendidikan keusahawanan, pihak KPM membekalkan pelajar dengan peluang dan potensi untuk memilih kerjaya sebagai usahawan, KPM telah menunjukkan komitmen mereka terhadap pelaksanaanya dalam silibus institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT). Budaya keusahawanan adalah ekspresi sikap sosial yang positif terhadap perniagaan dan perlu disemai untuk memperkuat proses pembangunan insan dalam sektor perniagaan dan perusahaan. Satu kajian akan dilaksanakan untuk mengkaji kecendurangan menceburi bidang keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar Fakulti Keusahawanan dan Perniagaan (FKP) di Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). Kaedah kuantitatif akan digunakan dengan menyediakan borang soal selidik. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 100 responden pelajar dari Fakulti Keusahawanan dan Perniagaan, Universiti Malaysia kelantan Presenter: Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (isa_hamzah@ukm.edu) Author List: JEEVANRAJ MANIARASU

ICSDL2016-62 The influence of self care on mindful consumption behavior The study on Mindful Consumption (MC) is important in order to ensure consumption sustainability. MC is a new concept that deserved further theoretical refinement. MC is premised on consciousness in thought and behavior about consequences of consumption. The changes of consumer behavior subject matter has bring the evolutionary and the seeds of change have been apparent for generations. The main changes in the new consumer behavior, due to the result of economic recession will stressed

• n the focus in the angle of smart consumption, temperance and ethical
• consumerism. Basically, this study is expected to explore the mindful

consumption behavior (MCB) among the government and private staff. The role of mindful mindset specifically self care in influencing MCB in Malaysia will be the main subject matter. This is important to know the level contribution of supporting variables such as the elements of mindful mindset namely self care, on the MCB. The data was collected by using questionnaires converted into the google form. 45 responses were secured from this a month online survey, where the responses automatically stored in google form. SPSS version 23 was used in order to retrieved data from the online storage and also to analyze relevant statistical measurement. The result of Pearson Correlation analysis indicated the positive influence of self care on MCB. Presenter: Syahrul Hezrin Mahmud Author List: syahrul hezrin mahmud Session 1C : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development 03.00 pm - 04.00 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: DK103

ICSDL2016-5 SMALLHOLDERS’ PALM OIL CERTIFICATION: THE IMPACTS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND LIVELIHOOD Since the 1990s, significant increase in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) demand led to the increase in palm oil production and expansion of oil palm plantation

• areas. Rapid increase in planting areas raises serious concerns on its

impact to the environment. Nevertheless, substituting palm oil with other vegetable oils may not solve the environmental problem since palm oil is the most productive oil, in terms of yield per acre of land. Other oil crops would need more land to match palm oil production, and this requires higher utilization of agricultural land. Thus, there are efforts made to mitigate the impact of palm oil production to the environment. One of the most important efforts is the establishment of the sustainable palm oil certification such as Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The principles and criteria of RSPO certification indicate that production needs to be managed in a different way to balance the demand and environmental interests. Applying these principles and criteria in palm oil production is expected to lead to a sustainable development of this industry and at the same time improve the livelihood of its producers, particularly the smallholders. This expectation is tested in this study by analyzing the impact of certification on development and livelihood of 240 smallholders in Riau and South Sumatra, Indonesia, and 176 smallholders in Keresa and Sapi, Malaysia. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing scores of the relevant principles and criteria indicators. The results show that certified smallholders give more attention to environmental issues, hence are more likely to achieve sustainable

• development. In addition, the certified smallholders are more resistant in

coping the production and price fluctuations, and more prepared in replantation in the long term. Therefore, it can be concluded that implementing sustainable certification principles and criteria could be an alternative for achieving sustainable development and livelihood. Presenter: Diana Chalil Author List: Diana Chalil

ICSDL2016-11 KELANGSUNGAN SISTEM PENGAJIAN PONDOK DI TERENGGANU ABSTRAK Dengan menggunakan instrumen temu bual dan pemerhatian, kertas kerja ini mengenengahkan fenomena yang berlaku terhadap sistem pengajian pondok tradisional di Terengganu. Justeru itu, dua buah sekolah pondok dipilih iaitu Pondok Al-Madini Bukit Wan, yang berada dalam daerah Kuala Nerus manakala Pondok darul Muhajirin Bukit Jong, yang berada dalam daerah Kuala Terengganu. Kertas kerja ini mengenengahkan beberapa aspek termasuk metodologi yang digunakan sewaktu pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kedua-dua pondok masih menggunakan kaedah tradisional iaitu kaedah halaqah. Kaedah ini bersifat satu hala dengan guru/ustaz membaca serta menghuraikan manakala murid memerhati serta mendengar tanpa ada soalan. Sementara itu jenis-jenis kitab yang digunakan kebanyakan masih menggunakan kitab Thurath (klasik) yang mencakupi pengajian akidah, akhlak dan syariat. Sementara itu beberapa kitab yang digunakan terutama dalam Bahasa Arab dan Fiqh, adalah setanding dengan kitab yang digunakan di beberapa buah universiti di Timur Tengah. Oleh kerana pondok adalah tempat pengajian, maka kedua pondok memberi sumbangan terhadap komuniti setempat dengan mengadakan kuliah agama mingguan, bacaan tahlil, solat jenazah, ceramah hari kebesaran, aqiqah serta sembelihan. Suatu yang menarik, pelajar Pondok Bukit Jong sering dijemput mengadakan persembahan nasyid dan marhaban serta membaca ayat-ayat perubatan (kiswah ruqyah). Manakala Mudir Pondok Wan, sering dijemput mengadakan ceramah agama termasuk di Pusat Islam UMT. Dengan adanya kertas kerja ini, semoga dapat memberi pencerahan terhadap sebarang kekuatan dan kelemahan yang berlaku terhadap sistem pembelajaran pondok di Terengganu! Kata kunci; Pondok Bukit Wan, Pondok Bukit Jong, sistem pengajian, kitab dan sumbangan Presenter: Hamdan Aziz Author List: Hamdan Aziz

ICSDL2016-12 RESIDENTS INVOLVEMENT TOWARDS TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRY In the field of sustainable development, one of the issues that has been extensively researched is the issue of the perception of the residents and their involvement in tourism development. In general, the level of involvement of residents in tourism development is influenced by their positive perceptions. However, individual perception is often influenced and shaped by other factors such as religious values, traditions and

• culture. Therefore, people with religious backgrounds and different

cultures will have different perception when assessing the benefits and costs of their involvement in tourism development. This study was conducted with the objective to investigate the relationship of different perceptions of the local residents status (leaders compared to the general public) with their involvement in the development of the tourism industry in Pulau Weh, Indonesia. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 respondents who were leaders and 17 respondents who came from the general public in eight villages in Pulau Weh. The study found that the involvement of local residents in tourism development can be divided into two forms, namely: participation in decision making and their involvement in securing the benefits from the tourism industry. The study also found that the both groups, leaders and general public, have a positive perception of the tourism development. The integration of Social Exchange Theory and Role Theory was able to describe the role of the relationship between the actual perception of local residents with their involvement in tourism development. Presenter: Azhar Author List: Azhar ICSDL2016-13 BALUD BOOKS, RECYCLING LIVELIHOOD AND INCOME: DAVAO'S INNOVATIVE PROJECT FOR INDIGENT MOTHERS' FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE The presented paper focuses on the role of the social enterprise Balud Books, in the efforts to provide a win-win profit earning livelihood for the company and for the single mothers and indigenous women. The purpose

• f this research is to identify the social mechanism and system that is

employed by Balud Books, and producing a simplified framework and business model that could easily be replicated. Balud Books, is a for-profit social enterprise project that sells marketable products such as Journals made from upcycled materials. These were created by indigent mothers from Mintal, Davao City and Indigenous women T’nalak weavers from South Cotabato, Philippines and has been sold to places from all over the

• country. The first phase of the research involves Key Informant Interview

with locals, observers, implementers, buyers and beneficiaries. Second, the diagram for input and output in the production operation and the financial flow were analysed. The final phase involves visits to its beginning-to-end operation and production. Qualitative analysis and descriptive method were used for the interpretation the gathered data. In the end, a framework was formulated which points out the mechanism and system and from this, a simplified and replicable business model was presented in order to have successful livelihood projects for indigent people. Presenter: Maria Lovella Parcon Naces Author List: Maria Lovella Parcon Naces Session 1D : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development

ICSDL2016-16 A Study on Business Models of Social Enterprises based on Regional Demands Operation of social enterprises (SEs) should be to reflect the needs and desires of the community, due to establish on the basis of the social purpose to solve the regional problems. In particular, in order to SEs to work properly, it is essential to develop a compelling business model that can create profit in the same way as commercial enterprises on the basis

• f the demand of the region. Therefore, we have developed a specialized

business model of SEs based on the demand of the region, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and focusing group interview (FGI) for the experts and the survey for the citizens of the region. We have developed a business model that specializes on the basis of the results of the AHP and the FGI by the fields of SEs as follows: housework and child care, career and employment education, cultural contents, cultural performances and art, local food, general manufacturing (remanufacturing), residential environmental improvement, Also, we have proposed a business model that is appropriate for each region on the basis of the survey. Presenter: Jangseop Byeon Author List: Jangseop Byeon ICSDL2016-18 THE IMPROVEMENT MODEL OF FARMERS’ ACCESS TOWARDS CHILLY MARKETING INFORMATION ( Case Farmers at Wetland Rainfed in Temanggung Regency Central Java) Chilly farmers urgently need information to solve their farming problems . Not only technical problems related to cultivation , but also concerning the marketing of which was often disturbing and full of uncertainty . Limitations

• f farmers' access to marketing information in the study site , had to be

seen . Assessment model of increased access to information a farmer has not done a lot. Therefore , this study aims to find alternative model increase farmers' access to chilly marketing information . The research method used qualitative method with konstruktivism paradigm . The research location was determined by handing the Village Wadas Kandangan Sub DistrictTemanggung Regency , Central Java Province of

• Indonesia. The result showed an alternative improvement model of

farmers’ access towards chilly marketing information. Presenter: Hanifah Ihsaniyati Author List: Hanifah Ihsaniyati

ICSDL2016-19 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY OF INLAND COMMUNITY IN GAYO LUES, INDONESIA Indonesia has enough resources ensure food security for the population. Since there are many non-rice foods (such as tubers, bananas, and beans). However, nationally not enough to guarantee the population's food needs can be met, namely the adequacy of the quantity and quality (safe and nutritious). The three components of household food security of food supply, consumption demand, and food distribution must be met in the

• community. Problem of high levels of household poverty in the inland of

the province. Making this study examines household food security in inland communities. The purpose of research, to determine the condition

• f household food security in inland communities and the components that

affect it. The research methodology, the determination of the research area by purposive sampling, sampling of simple random sampling. Descriptive analysis, food security assessment using measurement models Johnsson and Toole (1991) and the minimum level of dietary energy by comparing the energy consumption per adult equivalent unit towards energy sufficiency 2,150 kcal /capita /day. Determine household food security through cross-classification between the two indicators, the share of food expenditure and adequacy of energy consumption, criteria: 1). Household food security conditions, if the proportion of food expenditure is low, less than 60% ( Presenter: Teuku Fauzi Author List: Teuku Fauzi

ICSDL2016-24 Constructing the Conceptual Model of Sustainable Management System for Malaysian Fishery Cooperative Malaysia is a country located in the South-East Asia which concerning to the development of coastal community in the context of social, economy and environmental sustainability. Nowadays, most of scholars, academicians, policy-makers, researchers, and politicians always debate the issue of poverty, lower income, quality of life, standard of living, human capital and education among the Malay fisherman in East-Coast Malaysia. Consequently, the theory of sustainable development becomes prominent to study the socio-economy of Malay fisherman in East-Coast Malaysia, especially those who are living under hardcore poverty. Malaysian Fishery cooperative is one of the government action in Malaysia which objectively to develop the coastal community. Thus, the objective of this paper is to study the prominent of sustainable development concept in constructing the model of Sustainable Management System for Malaysian fishery cooperative as well as guiding for their organizational management. In achieving the objective of this paper, this study review a numbers of previous study and identified several factors that may considered in constructing the model of Sustainable Management system, which includes social sustainability, economy sustainability and environmental

• sustainability. As discussed by previous scholars, the literature study

indicated that the concept of sustainable development become prominent to the Malaysian Fishery Cooperative as well as to sustain the principles of democracy, autonomy, voluntary, economic participation, cooperation among members and concerning for the community. Finally, the comprehensive model of Sustainable Management System has been constructed with the aim of assisting the Malaysian Fishery Cooperative in developing their sustainable management in fishery cooperative. Presenter: Muhammad Abi Sofian bin Abdul Halim Author List: Muhammad Abi Sofian bin Abdul Halim Session 1E : THEME: Tourism 03.00 pm - 04.00 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: BK102

ICSDL2016-6 Perspectives of Malaysian Homestay Sustianability Homestays Malaysia has been in existence for the last 30 years but has yet to be measured as a sustainable tourism product. Past studies, have researched homestay tourism product based on its economic and sociocultural sustainability. However, for a comprehensive measure of tourism sustainability, four major dimensions of sustainability that includes the economic, institutional, environmental and sociocultural dimensions has to be measured. The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of the four dimensions of economic, institutional, environmental and socio-cultural (EIES) dimensions on homestay sustainability.To obtain a complete picture of the current homestay development, there are four stakeholders whose opinions will be collected and measured. The four stakeholders include the homestay owner, the local community, the tourist and the governing bodies. This study will utilise the survey research method on 30 homestay owners, 30 government officials, 30 tourist and 30 local residents The theorizing perspective taken is based on the concepts and principles of sustainable tourism. The anticipated research finding is there a significant relationship between the perspectives of the stakeholders from each of the four dimensions in determining the sustainability of Malaysian homestays Presenter: Ann Selvaranee Balasingam Author List: Ann Selvaranee Balasingam ICSDL2016-8 Gomantong Cave Swiftlet: A Qualitative Analysis of Its Tourism Value The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of activities as well as the visual effects surrounding the up-keeping and harvesting of swiftlet nests in caves as a new tourism product for Malaysia. As an industry, tourism needs a continuous stream of products, established and emerging ones, to accommodate not only the increasing number of tourist arrivals but also increasing demand for new forms of tourism products. Tourists are also increasing getting sophisticated in their taste of tourism products, including their desire to participate in sustainable forms of tourism which means that the activities they indulge during their visits may have least impacts on the

• environment. This paper is a manifestation of a research exercise to

identify and explore caves inhabited by swiftlets. Gomantong, Sabah, set the research journey. Observation and in-depth interviews formed the study’s tool. Rich data collected are integrated with secondary data. Early findings show that the harvesting activities on cave ceilings produce a spectacular view to tourists, inducing a magnet of awesome to tourists or visitors alike. However, incident of harvesters falling to their death mired this process. This raises the notion that such activities in their prevalence may not dwell well with the issue of sustainability. Presenter: Khairil Wahidin Awang Author List: Khairil Wahidin Awang

ICSDL2016-27 CONSTRUCTING THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL TOURISM IN MALAYSIA This article seeks to construct an institutional framework for rural tourism in Malaysia. To this end, a critical analysis of the current institutional arrangement for rural tourism is necessary. Identifying the agencies responsible for rural tourism planning and development is not straightforward because rural tourism is multi-faceted – it overlaps with

• ther tourism segments. Through content analysis, the relevant agencies

at three levels of government (federal, state and local) are identified and their roles discussed. The institutional framework also includes prominent non-governmental organizations that contribute significantly to the governance of rural tourism. The relevant agencies are examined in terms

• f levels, reporting channels and functions. Moreover, the coordinative

mechanisms between these agencies are identified and analyzed. The coordinative mechanisms throw light on the processes of rural tourism planning, and the formulation of implementation plans at municipal level. The study is important because any research into the effectiveness of rural tourism governance is premised on an institutional framework that can be laid out. The gap is the lack of such institutional framework, thus a systematic appraisal of rural tourism governance cannot be carried out. The study addresses this gap by constructing an institutional framework that serves as a benchmark for reforms in rural tourism governance in Malaysia. Presenter: Gan Joo Ee Author List: Gan Joo Ee Session 2A : THEME: Governance and Policy Studies 04.15 pm - 05.15 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: DK101

ICSDL2016-44 TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE POLICIES OF HOME OWNERSHIP IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: BRIDGING THE GAP AND MINIMISING COMPETITION The paper seeks to explore the challenges in home-ownership matching with the needs of various groups of Malaysian. The research deals with the special rights given to Bumiputera and the Malays with regard to land and housing, the policies relating to my second home, the real property gain tax policy, the low cost housing policy, the foreign ownership policy and 1Prima policy. This preliminary study seeks to investigate the impacts

• f the above mentioned policies on home-ownership rights to Malaysian

using the eight parameters suggested by the United Nation monitoring for housing rights (UNESCR). It suggests that those policies, to a certain extent, contribute to competition among the various backgrounds of people living in Malaysia. This preliminary study employs a comprehensive literature review based on the laws, the official reports and statistical data gathered from various departmental publications as well as previous researches as well as other secondary data. The findings may provide a basis for some policy consideration with regard to designing and determine the right alignment of housing policies towards upholding housing rights as developed by the United Nation i.e. legal security of tenure, availability of services, materials and infrastructure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, suitable location and cultural adequacy (UNCESCR, 1991a). Presenter: Nor Asiah Mohamad Author List: Nor Asiah Mohamad ICSDL2016-51 GLOBAL TRENDS IN PERFORMANCE AUDITING OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTATION Environment and sustainable development challenges are matters of global concern. Trillions of dollars of mostly public money are invested every year in domestic and international policies and programs to address these challenges. The effectiveness of these policies and programs are critical to environmental sustainability. The effectiveness of governments’ policies and programs are examined through evaluations undertaken mostly by the private sector as well as through performance audit undertaken by independent auditors general (also known as supreme audit institutions—SAIs). Compared with traditional evaluations, performance audits have a greater capacity to influence the implementation of policies. Despite this, performance audit in the environment field has received very little academic attention. A three-part study has been undertaken to fill this knowledge gap: Firstly, a longitudinal analysis of two decades (1992-2012) of global environmental performance audit data that considers some socio-economic data, such as the developmental level of countries discovers global trends. Secondly, a global survey of SAIs investigates their current practices and challenges they face in environmental performance auditing. Thirdly, a comparative study of environmental performance auditing in three countries—Australia, Canada and India enables further understanding of the influence of socio- economic factors and local institutional arrangements and traditions. This paper describes the results of the first part of the study. In view of the adoption of new sustainable development goals in late 2015, this research is particularly timely and significant. Presenter: Awadhesh Prasad Author List: Awadhesh Prasad

ICSDL2016-57 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF “NEW KENYIR POLICY” ON THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY The “New Kenyir Policy” (NKP) refers to the “Aqua-eco Tourism Park” project, which was launched in 2007 by the government. Its aim was to develop Kenyir Lake as a popular tourist destination centre in Asia by

• 2020. Three main objectives of the project were to establish a duty-free

zone, to form a growth centre and to build a highway system within the corridor of Kenyir Lake. The NKP, therefore, has a definite socio-economic impact on the adjacent communities, particularly the aboriginal community living by the Kenyir Lake. This study was to determine the socio-economic impact of the NKP on the indigenous community using a survey conducted

• n 200 respondents from the Orang Asli community. It was found an

apparent effect of the NKP on the socio-economy of the community

• ccurred. It has been found that a negative economic impact of the NKP

exists within the community as they exhibit an unfavorable attitude towards the NKP. Similarly, a negative social impact of the KNP in the community also exists as they show that the NKP was disadvantageous to

• themselves. However, it is recommended that co-management in

ecotourism is optimized for a better impact of the NKP on the socio- economy of the community. Presenter: Roslina Ismail Author List: Roslina Ismail

ICSDL2016-59 PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR MAPAN DI MALAYSIA Malaysia dikurniakan sumber air yang banyak dan menerima kadar hujan yang tinggi sepanjang tahun. Walaupun begitu, krisis bekalan air masih juga berlaku di negara ini disebabkan oleh corak pengurusan sumber air yang tidak mapan. Kenyataan ini dibuktikan daripada perbincangan yang dibahagikan kepada tiga tonggak ‘mapan’ iaitu aspek ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar. Pendekatan pengurusan bekalan yang masih diamalkan di Malaysia adalah tidak mapan kerana melibatkan kos pembinaan dan penyelenggaraan kemudahan fizikal yang tinggi. Selain itu, pendekatan ini juga menggugat kestabilan sosial apabila pembinaan empangan untuk menampung keperluan bekalan air yang tinggi menjejaskan kehidupan

• rang asli yang kehilangan tempat tinggal dan penduduk di hilir sungai.

Penggunaan sumber air per kapita yang semakin meningkat saban tahun pula menjejaskan peluang generasi akan datang untuk mendapatkan sumber air berkualiti yang mencukupi kerana keupayaan kebolehbaharuan ekosistem telah dilepasi. Degradasi alam semulajadi seperti kepupusan hidupan akuatik, kehilangan sungai dan hakisan pantai akibat pembangunan tidak terkawal ke atas ekosistem sungai juga secara tidak langsung memberi kesan ke atas kualiti kehidupan masyarakat serta melibatkan kos pemulihan yang tinggi. Justeru, reformasi perlu dilakukan ke atas pendekatan sediada ini untuk menyeimbangkan dapatan faedah dalam ketiga-tiga aspek ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, keupayaan tampungan ekosistem perlu dihormati dengan meminimumkan kesan pencemaran dan penggunaan sumber air, sebelum perkhidmatan ekosistem diintegrasi dalam sektor bekalan air. Penerapan elemen mapan ini perlu diarusperdana dalam semua sektor pembangunan negara untuk mendapatkan impak yang positif daripada pelaksanannya. Presenter: NIK NURHAZIRAH BINTI NIK OMAR Author List: NIK NURHAZIRAH BINTI NIK OMAR (niknurhazirahnikomar@gmail.com) Session 2B : THEME: Environmental Protection and Conservation 04.15 pm - 05.15 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: DK102

ICSDL2016-2 Potential use of sea water in leachate physico-chemical treatment: Process performance and struvite formation This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using sea water as leachate primary treatment process involving formation of struvite or chemically known as Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP). Commonly, physico-chemical treatment of leachate required chemical agent or/and physical process that would impose quite expensive

• perational costs. For this study, batch studies were carried out in the

laboratory using mixture of sea water: leachate for determination of the process performance while also looking into the influence of pH and the influence of other metal ions. Leachate dilution factor and apparent increase in leachate quantity including leachate compositional changes due to the sea water addition are also being evaluated within this study. The result indicated that the magnesium and other cationic ions presence in seawater can significantly affected the MAP precipitation which concurrently influence the ammonia removal (about 6000 mg/L, in average) and phosphate recovery of up to more than 90% from the leachate as well as positively enhance other leachate parameters such as total solid (TS), colour, turbidity and even COD value. Significant ammonia removal plus phosphate recovery using sea water as an abundant, nearby magnesium source make the whole process into a very cost-effective system in treating landfill leachate. Presenter: Mohamed Shahrir Mohamed Zahari Author List: Mohamed Shahrir Mohamed Zahari ICSDL2016-3 Evidence of total mercury biomagnification in tropical estuary lagoon in East coast of Peninsula, Malaysia Mercury pollutant is great concerns in globe due to its biomagnification through the food web. Recently an increasing approaches of stable isotope analyses have applied in food-web structure, isotopic compositions are enable to elucidate more insight the basal food sources and trophic positions in tropical systems. In this study, the total mercury levels were measured in mangrove leaves and surface sediments as basal food sources, to invertebrates (gastropods, bivalves and crustaceans) and to fishes from tropical food web of Setiu mangrove wetland. Stable isotope ratios (? 13C and ? 15N) also were determined to track mercury

• biomagnification. The average concentrations of total Hg showed

increased trend from low to high trophic levels. Positive correlation were found between Hg levels and ?15N values, but not for ?13C values indicated biomagnification of Hg existed in the wetland system. Furthermore, comparison of the average trophic fractionation (??13C) between basal food sources, suggesting that a notable role of detritus sediment in critically contributing the food sources to the system rather than mangrove litters. Further sampling would be required to compensate for temporal changes of Hg levels through food web in the wetland. The mercury concentrations in the muscle of fishes and mud crabs were well below the established World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake threshold and the recommendation of Malaysian Food Regulation, illustrating no a risk for human consumption Presenter: Le Quang Dung Author List: Le Quang Dung

ICSDL2016-20 Prevention Mining in the State Forest Without Permission Ideology control of natural resources (SDA) by the State under Article 33

• f the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Explanation in several

laws on natural resources management is still a lot of overlap, conflict norms, and multi-interpretation. In this case: Law No. 41 of 1999 on Forestry, set about the prohibition to undertake mining activities in forest

• areas. However, the norm conflict arises when there is a decree 1 of 2004,

which added a transitional regulation (Article 83A) at the Forestry Law. The substance of this decree ensuring legal certainty to mining companies that are exploiting the forest in Indonesia. It is very detrimental to the state, therefore, Forest Rescue Advocacy Team (TAPHL) has made constitutional review to overturn the Law No. 19 of 2004 on the establishment of Government Regulation No. 1 of 2004 on the Amendment of Law No. 41 tahun1999 on Forestry into law to the Constitutional Court (MK), but the Constitutional Court's decision is a compromise that prohibits mining to certain conditions, and does not cancel the Law No. 19 of 2004 these harmful. As a result, the level of practice to this day remains a lot of mining activity in forest areas. Reference this area of research is Madura (comprising four districts and islands). Pre-study the data can be found in 70 (seventy) point of mining in forest areas 'not clear' existence. The long term goal of this research is to prevent abuse of the forest and the granting of mining in the forest that further compound the destruction of forests in Indonesia. Keywords : Design of action , prevention , mining , state-owned forests , the forestry Presenter: Wartiningsih Author List: Wartiningsih

ICSDL2016-32 Capability of Plants to Reduce Carbon Dioxide at Indoor Environment Carbon dioxide (CO2) mainly comes from human breathing, smoking, and

• pen-fire heating. Without control over CO2, it led us nausea, dizziness,

and headache. Even at indoor, air conditioning system less effective to reduce concentration of CO2, and it will affect to indoor air quality (IAQ). During last 4th decade ago, indoor plant often gained the attention of researchers to serve as bio-filtration. Generally, there are several advantages of this plant to eliminate the effect of carcinogen gas, but the things more convenient is plants absolutely absorb CO2, where CO2 also

• ne of the contaminant at the high rate. This paper intends to study the

abilities of seven plants (Anthurium, Dumb Cane, Golden Pothos, Prayer Plants, Spider Plant, and Syngonium) to absorb CO2 gas with light intensity of 700 lux. The research was conducted in one cubic meter of chamber with temperature and CO2 concentration at 25±10C, and 450±10

• ppm. The experiment was conducted during office hours (9.00 am – 5.00

pm), and this study also executed on three plants for every species (triplicated study). Based on the findings, it was found that the Prayer Plant is the best plant to absorb CO2 followed by Kadaka Fern, Dumb Cane, Golden Pothos, Syngonium, and Anthurium (14.97%, 12.99%, 12.72%, 11.04%, 10.51%, and 8.26%). However, Spider Plant incapable

• f reducing CO2, instead increased the concentration as much as 1.13%.

In this study can conclude that all seven plants except Spider Plant can survive at indoor condition, since the experiment conducted with CO2 reduction effect from photosynthesis process. Meanwhile, Spider Plant cannot perform photosynthesis probably caused of environmental factors (lighting and temperature). Presenter: Mohd Mahathir Suhaimi Shamsuri Author List: Mohd Mahathir Suhaimi Shamsuri Session 2C : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development 04.15 pm - 05.15 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: DK103 ICSDL2016-26 CONCEPTUAL POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION MODEL FOR NEIGHBORHOOD ASSESSMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT This paper present the preliminary study of post occupancy evaluation (POE) model on neighborhood assessment criteria towards sustainable urban development. The aim of the study is to developed a POE model based on sustainable pillar dimensions. The objective is to identify and formulate POE model towards sustainable neighborhood development and to implement the model in assessing & evaluate GBI certified neighborhood towards sustainable urban development for Malaysia. The consensus-based approached is used in this study in order to gather experts’ opinion regarding the proposed POE model for sustainable neighborhood development for the certified GBI neighborhood project. The significant contribution of the research is the POE model for future sustainable neighborhood development for Malaysia and similar development phenomenon in the region of ASEAN nations and country throughout the world Presenter: rostam yaman Author List: rostam yaman

ICSDL2016-29 The Influencing Elements of Community Behaviour Towards Acceptability of Sustainable Mobility in Residential Neighbourhood The concept of sustainability may be one of the most overused and misunderstood development concepts in use today. Given the complexity and breadth of the sustainability term, the knowledge domain of the various interpreters and users may be different and distinct, aligned to their different interests and conceptualizations. The purpose of this research is to explore community behaviour towards sustainable mobility in residential neighbourhood, especially accessibility to the public transport, safety and security measures of the community. Community behaviour changes are required to improve the neighbourhood conditions to create healthy, liveable, sustainable, safe and better and sustainable

• neighbourhood. The research focuses on the elements impacting the

sustainable mobility in residential neighbourhood environment. The research also investigates the level of community behaviour involved in sustainable mobility. Content analyses were employed to examine the behaviour factors influencing community behaviour towards sustainable

• mobility. The findings of this paper show that community behaviour is an

important element in influencing sustainable mobility of neighbourhood residents. Presenter: Nurain Mohd Talmizi Author List: Nurain Mohd Talmizi ICSDL2016-30 The Implementation of Green Building Assessment Tools for Water Efficiency in Malaysia Conventionally accepted that the use of renewable resources has been in uncontrolled stage where the depletion of natural resources is increasing. On order to be sustainable, the use of renewable resources must be at the rate that is less or equal to the rate of natural production. Therefore there has been few efforts done by certain organizations to create awareness of sustainable built environment among the builders and public. Green assessment rating tools have been developed to act as a reference and guideline in order to create a sustainable development thus encourage a sustainable living. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the assessment criteria between four rating tools in Malaysia consists of Green Building Index (GBI), Penarafan Hijau JKR (pH JKR), Green Performance Assessment System (GreenPASS) and Green Real Estate (GreenRE). The finding shows on how assessment criteria of water efficiency can contribute to the sustainability life cycle thus reducing the depletion of natural resources. Presenter: Dr. Halmi Zainol Author List: Dr. Halmi Zainol

ICSDL2016-35 Sosial Capital Building and Sustainability Livelihood Strategy on Downstream Bengawan Solo River Sosial Capital Building and Sustainability Livelihood Strategy on Downstream Bengawan Solo River By : Yayuk Yuliati Riyanti Isaskar Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University Indonesia Pantura/ Pantai Utara (the north coast) area in East Java, especially north Gresik and North Lamongan, mostly are dry areas, almost all the farms do not have technical irrigation. Even the location is across with Bengawan Solo River, but because of almost all the areas are small hills with higher elevation than Bengawan Solo River, so almost all the village in this area cannot use the water with gravitation system. In the north coast area, where population growth rapidly, dryland agriculture system has no stabil like in the irrigation agriculture syatem. To repair environmental damage and increase society welfare not only with technical innovation, but also the enhancement of social capital. Social capital building one of community asset that importan to note. The purpose of this research are to analyze the status and existing condition of the social capital, the sustainability livelihood strategy and welfare of community in downstream of Bengawan Solo River in Gresik Regency. This research is descriptive research. The location of this research have been done in Petung Village, Serah Village, and Surowiti Village in Gresik Regency. The respondent given were 5% of total household farmers in the location research, which is 83 households. Data sampling, beside use structure interview methode, it also did by unstructured or in-depth interview and observation. Livelihood asset condition in village, nature resource aspect, human resource aspect, social resource aspect, physical resource aspect, financial aspect were not sustain. The strategy of exploiting social network family (remittances) and accumulation strategy are strategies that used by many villagers. Presenter: Yayuk Yuliati Author List: Yayuk Yuliati Session 2D : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development 04.15 pm - 05.15 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: BK101

ICSDL2016-36 COMMUNICATION NETWORK FARMER OWNED ENTERPRISES ( BUMP ) IN THE DISTRICT TEMANGGUNG ( A Review of the Structure

• f Communication Networks)

The Laws of the Republic Indonesia No. 19 Year 2013 article 80 states Farmer -Owned Enterprises ( BUMP ) as the only institutional peasant economy . In 2012 , through Project FEATI ( Farmer's Empowerment Through Agricultural Technology and Information ) BUMP development were developed in the Temanggung District . At that time, there were three pilot BUMP formed there , the company's two business entity BUMP / PT and the BUMP incorporated cooperative efforts. However, until now, the existence BUMP in the district of Temanggung is still stalled. This condition must be tickled to be studied and further evaluated the role of communication networks in the development of BUMP associated with the existing social structure there. This study aims to identify the structures of communication networks BUMP in the District of Temanggung . This research used descriptive analytical approach based sosiogram . The location determination was purposive with consideration , namely PT Kledung Agro Lestari ( PT KAL ) and PT Agro Bangkit Mastani ( PT ABM ) . Both companies ( PT ) was BUMP in the district of Temanggung . Sampling was done by sampling method intact system ( census ) and data were analyzed with sociometry to see the communication network of farmers in the BUMP . The results showed a difference in the structure of communication network between the two BUMP in the district of

• Temanggung. PT KAL communication network structure is the structure of

the chain, while PT ABM structure all channels ( click 1 / management team) and chain structure ( click 2 / members ) . Presenter: Hanifah Ihsaniyati Author List: Hanifah Ihsaniyati ICSDL2016-37 Managing the Future of Fragile Community and Cultural Heritage Conservation of the Chitty Village in Melaka This paper discusses issues of cultural heritage, conservation, development conflict and future of the fragile community known as the ‘Chitties’, the descendants of the Hindus traders who came to Melaka approximately 500 years ago in the sixteenth century. There are at present about 20 families living in the Chitty Village in Gajah Berang, Melaka; who has been using the local Malay dialects as their mother tongue. Due to cultural assimilation into the Malay sub-culture, this unique community can now be seen from its language, clothing, food and some of the art forms very similar to the Malays, however they do not have a knowledge or contact with their villages of origin in South India. This study has resulted from the authors’ experience through conducting a survey with the local residents of the Chitty Village in Melaka. This research has employed a mixed method approaches which involves various data generation instruments, namely survey, interview as well as observation. This study set out to determine the overarching question, which was whether the cultural heritage conservation programmes formulated for the community have been found suitable to the aspirations and ‘real’ needs of the local

• residents. From this research it was found that the impacts of urbanization

have altered the lifestyle and understanding towards the importance in preserving their cultural heritage values and uniqueness. Presenter: Indera Syahrul Bin Mat Radzuan Author List: Indera Syahrul Mat Radzuan

ICSDL2016-38 KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PRACTICES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT MALAYSIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT The infrastructure development managed by local governments which starts from pre-construction to the occupation of the building needs a sustainable development approach for sustainability. Since the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, all sectors of society have been in the process of pursuing sustainability within their specific contexts. Development planning involved various stages and design inputs from various design consultants such as architects, town planner and engineers. Staff in local governments should possess knowledge on sustainable development and able to reflect it on their practices. However, it can be seen on the improper management of waste that led to pollution that is not in the practice of sustainable

• development. Therefore, local governments ‘staff should have a better

understanding of sustainable development. Accordingly, this research focus is aimed on the role of the Local Governments with regards to knowledge transfer practices towards sustainable development. This study is to contribute to the enrichment of knowledge on the practices of Local Governments in Sustainable Development. Presenter: sulzakimin mohamed Author List: sulzakimin mohamed ICSDL2016-42 WAQF AS A MECHANISM TO ALLEVIATE URBAN POVERTY IN MALAYSIA THROUGH COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL AUTHORITY AND STATE RELIGIOUS COUNCIL Local authority faces many critical challenges nowadays. These challenges go beyond tax collection, solid waste management, local economy and local governance. Currently urban poverty is seen as the main cause to the raising of other urban problems, especially crimes and social illness. This urban poor issues have impacted the socio-economy of the urban areas. On the same note, waqf has been hailed as a mechanism to alleviate poverty. Waqf is not only meant for mosque or cemetery, but the role of Waqf is for the betterment of the community. In Malaysia robust amount of Waqf property has been managed by the Islamic Council with various of uses for charitable purposes up to income generating activities such as commercial, housing and hotels. At the same time the Islamic Councils also encourage cash waqf to the community as land or property are harder to be contributed. This cash waqf will be channeled into property that encourage suitable activities to be carried out as long as it is not against the Islamic law. Thus, this paper would like to explore and propose the possibilities of cooperation between Waqf institutions, i.e. the State Religious Council and the local authorities in handling urban poverty issues. State Council is lack of manpower to handle such activity, meanwhile local authority needed funds in order to face the urban poor challenges. This paper will suggest several approaches or programs that can be implemented for Waqf to be used as alleviation tools of urban poverty. Presenter: KAMARIAH ABDULLAH Author List: SALBIAH MOKHTAR Session 2E : THEME: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 04.15 pm - 05.15 pm, 26 August 2016 Room: BK102

ICSDL2016-10 CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT (CSM) AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT LINKED COMPANIES (GLCs) During the last 20 years, a relatively small but growing number of companies have voluntarily integrated social and environmental issues in their business models and daily operations (i.e. their strategy) through the adoption of related corporate policies. An increasing number of shareholders, analysts, regulators, activists, labor unions, employees, community organizations, and news media are asking companies to be accountable for an ever-changing set of CSM issues. There is an increasing demand for transparency and growing expectations that corporations measure, report, and continuously improve their social, environmental, and economic performance. Nevertheless, there remains a protracted debate about the legitimacy and value of corporate responses to CSM concerns. Government-linked companies (GLCs) play an important role in the development of the Malaysian economy hence this paper will used list of GLCs to further analyse the relationship between corporate sustainability management(CSM) and financial performance. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between corporate sustainability as well as investigating the impact of board diversity in the relationship. Presenter: Nurul Afzan Najid Author List: Nurul Afzan Najid

ICSDL2016-63 NO PLASTIC BAG CAMPAIGN IN MALAYSIA: REDEFINING ROLE OF SUPERMARKET COSPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY (CSR) In the context where corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes main justification for any activities related with supermarket’s involvement in no plastic bag campaign (NPBC), this study aims to clarify complex issues of CSR supermarket involvement in a multifaceted interactions of consumers, corporate and government in NPBC initiatives in Malaysia. The study analyze the consumers’ perception toward the CSR supermarket in the context of NPBC. From the survey conducted to a 253 consumer in Selangor state, the result shows that 57.7 % of the consumer’s did not know the meaning of CSR, but 66 % knows that NPBC is part of the supermarket CSR. NPBC supermarket helps in promoting the

• CSR. In details, consumers’ value supermarket transparency and

accountability in manage the plastic bag charges 90.9% and supermarket caring for the consumers by offering cheaper shopping bag 80.6%. The result implicates a positive influence of NPBC in enhancing CSR legitimacy and social responsibility in green activity which may contribute in redefine and internalizing in corporate strategy. It is support by the result, about 69.2% of respondent has positive perception on ‘Supermarkets play an important role in taking care of the environment’ and ‘Supermarkets offering environmentally plastic bag products such as bio-degradable plastic bag” 63.2%. The study reveals the involvement of CSR supermarket in NPBC goes beyond the traditional CSR-one-way approach as a philanthropic organization by given back to society and save the environment. The supermarket CSR is not only as an external drivers but internalizing and integrating in corporate strategy by reducing the operational cost and creating competitive advantages. Supermarket CSR in the context of NPBC has potential effect in facilitating the creation

• f a new mechanism of corporate sector reshaping green market by

stimulating responsible consumer’s sustainable shopping lifestyle as part

• f the ethical responsibility, provide a potential platform to institutionalize

and legitimize NPBC through plastic bag tax and social innovation. The result found the new circular approach from the traditional CSR pyramid into supermarket CSR on NPBC stimulating social innovation as a key motivations. Presenter: Irina Safitri Zen Author List: IRINA SAFITRI ZEN, ARISMAN & ACHMAD TJAHJA

ICSDL2016-65 CSR Engagement beyond the Economic Frame: Inland Community Development and Livelihood in Host Country CSR Engagement (CSRE) is a process of building long term relationship that can benefit to all when the corporation capture the heart and minds of inland community. That’s means the CSRE is not only about security and monetary value for the community but it’s beyond the economic scale. Based on the basic economic frame explain that, there have a positive relationship between development and livelihood. When the livelihood increase indirectly the development also increase. This study explore the effect from the CSRE process practicing by Malaysian Palm Oil Multinational Company (MPOMC) to the development and livelihood of inland community in host country. The inland communities have been interviewed in this qualitative study. The main groups of inland community that being taken as stakeholders in host country are head of villages (Kepala Desa), Land owner, Palm plantation workers and Estate Department officer (Dinas Perkebunan). The result from this interviewed found that the CSRE process does not make much improvement in terms

• f development and livelihood but some of the inland community feel

secure with what they have but most of them appeal for the development especially for the basic amenities. The corporation does not really care about surrounding development since there is none of development project have been implement. Presenter: SITI AMALIYA BINTI MOHD RADYI Author List: Siti Amaliya Binti Mohd Radyi Session 3A : THEME: Governance and Policy Studies 02.00 pm - 03.00 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: DK101

ICSDL2016-61 TAKAFUL IJTIMA’I AS AN ALTERNATIVE SHARIA INSURANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND LIVELIHOODS IN INDONESIA As the growth of Islamic economics activities in international business relations, nowadays many banks, insurance and other financial institutions in Indonesia follow the trend of using Islamic system which is called as “Shariah based principles”. However, the human resources who support the system and the application of contracts which used in the financial institutions are still “a half way” of a pure sharia system. As the consequence it will cause not much different than covensional system. In this paper will be explain about how the system of sharia Insurance which is called as “Takaful Ijtima’i” could provide the sustainable developments and livelihoods to the people in Indonesia. Generally, sharia insurance which has been being practiced is using hybrid contract model, with tabarru aqd as the main contract, and also in the same time practicing tijarah aqd which nowadays is often described as mudharabah and/or wakalah model, but such kind of models still could not reach a social justice condition yet. In Takaful Ijtima’i will use wakaf model, profits will be placed as common profits, which means the profits must have positive impact to people’s prosperity (social justice). With normative and comparative methodes of research, this paper then get to the conclusion that with wakaf model of Takaful Ijtima’i could bring many advantages, not

• nly material advantage, but also social advantage. Secondly, by using

additional syirkah or musyarakah aqd becomes another distinguishing feature of partnership entity which implement mutual principle dan can create sustainability development and livelihood for people in Indonesia. Presenter: Gemala Dewi and Zaitun Abdullah Author List: Dr. Gemala Dewi, SH., LL.M

ICSDL2016-66 EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS ON THE GOVERNANCE OF NATIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY (NSWMP): A CASE STUDY OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA Rapid increasing of solid waste generated in urban of Malaysia every year has become a crucial issue and effective solid waste management is significant needed. Policy is an approach used by the Malaysia Government to attain effective management in solid waste. Therefore, National Solid Waste Management Policy (NSWMP) has been introduced as main guideline in Malaysia’s solid waste management. Implementation

• f NSWMP has involves many stakeholders. Accordingly, this study was

designed to explore the perception of primary stakeholders on the governance of NSWMP at Kuala Lumpur. The perception of respondents were analysed based on five (5) variables namely policy context, resources allocation, staff competency, implementation system and good governance elements practiced. Besides that, awareness level of stakeholders on good governance also was measured to understand the distinct perception of respondents. A total of 116 respondents were selected through random stratified sampling as a sample. The respondents selected were the staff of Department of National Solid Waste Management (DNSWM) and the staff of Solid Waste Corporation Kuala Lumpur (SWCorp KL). The data of this study was collected via questionnaire distribution. All the data collected were analysed by applying descriptive statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistical analysis (t-test, correlation and stepwise multiple regression). The results of the study shows awareness level of respondents on good governance were high. Moreover, the perception of respondents on the governance of NSWMP was varied which depend on the factors. There are several elements require improvement such as the implementation system for NSWMP. Bivariate analysis shows all the variables were strong, positively connected to good governance practice. However, only three variables such as resources, implementation system and stakeholder’s competency were significant influence the good governance based on the final multi regression model. Presenter: Muhamad Azahar Abas Author List: Muhamad Azahar Abas

ICSDL2016-67 REFRAMING LIVING LABS IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN MALAYSIA: AN INTEGRATIVE AND TRANSFORMATIVEAPPROACH OF UTM CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY TO FORM A CAMPUS LIVING LEARNING LAB MODEL The study generates a comprehensive conceptual framework of Living Labs for UTM, called Campus Living Learning Lab (CLLL) as an integrative and transformative approach in implementing the elusive and complex framework of sustainable development in more practical

• approach. It has a potential to develop a plausible pathway to enhance the

IHE campus sustainability contribution in Malaysia Higher Education Blueprint (MEHB). In – the context of teaching, learning and training (TLT), we recognize the Student Centre Learning (SCL) approach that consists of Problem Based Learning (PBL), Service Learning (SL), Project Based Learning as a mechanism to enhance the implementation of CLLL in IHE and education for sustainability. Research and Development (R&D) approach in CLLL involves the action research, inter- and trans- disciplinary approach of issue and problem based research approach as a nature of sustainability science. Campus sustainability provides a platform for strategic public-private-people-partnership, 4Ps with the university, industry, community and government agencies as a whole where it has potential to scale up to the national and global level. At the end, the proposed CLLL functions as a demonstration site for the application of sustainability science in the context of IHE offers a cutting edge approach yet versatile for other IHE in Malaysia. Presenter: IRINA SAFITRI ZEN Author List: IRINA SAFITRI ZEN Session 3B : THEME: Environmental Protection and Conservation 02.00 pm - 03.00 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: DK102

ICSDL2016-39 ASSESSMENT OF TEMPORAL VARIATION ON COASTAL GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN EAST COAST AREA, TERENGGANU Coastal groundwater is extremely vulnerable to saltwater contamination. This study was conducted to investigate the potential contamination of saltwater into coastal groundwater temporally. Groundwater data was provided by Department of Mineral and Geosciences Terengganu. Data was obtained from PT000017 monitoring well from 2006 until 2012. Parameters involved for data analyses are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), carbonate (CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4) and total dissolved solid (TDS). Two main diagrams used for data analyses are piper diagram and hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-D). Nine parameters of water quality such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and TDS were plotted to produce a piper diagram that determine the water type of different season. During wet season, the 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2012 groundwater samples are located in domain III that represent mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water type, 2007 groundwater sample is located in domain I represent Ca-HCO3 water type and 2008 groundwater sample is located in domain II that represent Na-Cl water type. During dry season, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012 groundwater samples are located in domain II that represent mixed Ca-Na- HCO3 water type meanwhile, 2009 and 2011 groundwater samples are located in domain I that represent Ca-HCO3 water type. Subsequently, HFE-D diagram was produced to determine the evolution process of salinization or freshening of coastal groundwater. In this study, all of groundwater samples were in freshening stage except for 2007 groundwater sample that was in the phase of saltwater intrusion. Presenter: Norsyuhada Hairoma Author List: Norsyuhada Hairoma

ICSDL2016-41 BED LOAD SEDIMENT AT SUNGAI TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA The river is the basic source of the most important in life, human health and natural ecosystems. The importance of the river can be seen today of both the physical environment and needed in human survive. The river equilibrium depending on the flow rate of water in a given period. The flow

• f river influenced by several factors such as the frequency of rainfall and

the land use such as agriculture, sand mining, timber will disrupted the natural ecosystem of the river. Sedimentation is one of the problems that

• ften occur in rivers in Malaysia, especially at the area of river which

active by sand mining along the Terengganu River basin. This problem causes the river becomes more shallow and the probability of flooding happen is high. This was conducted to estimate the suspended sediment concentration (TSS), analyzed the bed load sediment production in Sungai

• Terengganu. The main parameters that were measured including the

concentration of suspended sediments, the distribution of sediments size, and the expressions of the river discharge to see the physical changes that occur in river conditions effect the mining land activities in Sungai

• Terengganu. The analysis of the primary data collected for the suspended

sediment samples using the techniques and procedure of Gravimetric. The Gerald & Kenneth and the scale of Udden -Wentworth used to determine the value of phi scale. Through the statistical analysis for the phi value, it shows that the particle size of the bed sediments is dominated by a very coarse size (phi -0.30 to -1.00) indicating coarse sediment particle sedimentation problems caused by the sand mining activities are very active along the Terengganu River basin. The results of the research carried out proved that the problem of sedimentation that occurred in Sungai Terengganu contributed from the changes in land use were not sustainable. Presenter: NOORJIMA ABD WAHAB Author List: NOORJIMA BT ABD WAHAB

ICSDL2016-43 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION FOR MANGROVE REHABILITATION MANAGEMENT IN PERAK AND SELANGOR The destruction of mangrove forest has become severe in developing countries due to the natural disaster and anthropogenic processes. The community-based conservation (CBC) is one of the important approaches in mangrove rehabilitation. Psychological factors is one of the factors that may influence the establishment of CBCbut less study has been undertaken to explore this factor in Malaysia. This study aims to evaluate the psychological factors in relation to socio-demographic characteristics among local community that influenced the CBC establishment. The study focuseson the willingness to participate (WTP), perception, knowledge and attitude factors. A total of 377 Malay and Chinese households were surveyed in the three study areas: Kuala Gula (KG), Kuala Sepetang (KSP) and Kuala Selangor (KSR). The quantitative data were analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The result revealed that most of the Chinese’s and half of the Malay’s respondents not involved in mangrove rehabilitation programmedue to time constraint, lack of knowledge about mangrove rehabilitation and no such programme were

• rganised. The WTP had significant correlation with gender, race, age,
• ccupation and length of residency whereas no significant with education

level and income. WTP factor showed skewness to disagree in full-time job, as a volunteer, to share knowledge and having a good skill in mangrove rehabilitation. No rehabilitation skills and knowledge transfer among the younger generation is the most risk perceived in KSP and KSR while the lack of money for fund allocation found in KG. Thus, CBC establishment requires the capacity building, special training, increase the networking and promoting awareness programme. Presenter: KAMARIAH ABDULLAH Author List: KAMARIAH ABDULLAH

ICSDL2016-49 Theoretical and Empirical Analyses of the Willingness to Pay in Arab Country Context: Implications for Environmental Policy Making Theoretical and Empirical Analyses of the Willingness to Pay in Arab Country Context: Implications for Environmental Policy Making Abdulfattah Yaghi, PhD UAE University Abdulfattah@uaeu.ac.ae Abstract Exploring people’s willingness to pay (WTP) in order to protect the environment is crucial for policy makers in countries that have no taxation system. The purpose of the present study was to analyze WTP in light of four main environmental theories, namely economic, attitude-behavior, public goods, and altruism. The field study took place between 2014 and 2015 when 1800 surveys were distributed to a national random sample in United Arab

• Emirates. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses demonstrated that

albeit environmental attitudes were generally positive, people’s WTP was conditional, fluctuating, and inconsistent. The findings suggest that environmental attitudes including WTP is a sophisticated phenomenon and therefore all four theories together were needed to explain it. The people perceived environmental problems as ‘social’ rather than ‘personal’, thus they shifted the responsibility to the government (the

• ther). Inconsistent with the literature, income, interest, knowledge, and

interacting with the environment did not influence people’s WTP. Finally, the study found evidence that while people trusted the government they

• ver-depended on it to protect the environment. The findings were

discussed and several recommendations were outlined. Presenter: Author List: Abdulfattah Yaghi, PhD Session 3C : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development 02.00 pm - 03.00 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: DK103 ICSDL2016-45 Dealing with Illegal Settlement on Waqf Land: Issues and Challenges Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the methodologies and approaches used in various countries in dealing with illegal settlers on public land including waqf land. Methodology/approach of the paper: Specific and details approaches were identified based on the current practice in Malaysia and a comparison is made with the practices in other

• jurisdictions. A new model of approaches is designed to provide a legal

and administrative framework in handling illegal settlers’ issues on waqf

• land. Findings: There are several categories of illegal settlers on waqf
• land. The findings suggest that the current guideline in the Manual of

Management of Waqf Land lacks details as to the approaches to evict illegal settlers on waqf land. There are no clear standard of practices as to the actions or protocols before and during the eviction process. Clear procedures, standardised practices with qualified manpower are vital in providing sustainable waqf land. Social implication: Weaknesses or lack of details in policies, laws and procedures is one of the main challenges faced by the waqf administrators in the Muslim countries. If this problem continues, the sustainability of waqf land is hindered, withered and defeats the sanctity of waqf in promoting unique and comprehensive community development. Presenter: Nor Asiah Mohamad Author List: Nor Asiah Mohamad

ICSDL2016-46 Understanding the Concept of Green Roof as Urban Farming: A Comparative Study The emerging of urban farming in facing urban problems largely for food production is one way of an initiative for developing sustainable

• environment. This paper presents a brief conceptual review of the ideas,

issues and imperatives in implementing urban farming on the rooftop

• areas. The concern is to investigate an alternative way for the urban

dwellers to achieve resilient through urban farming. The review is based

• n the theoretical background and concepts of the relevant constraints

taken from various established references. The method specifically adopts comparatives analysis through established references and secondary data taken from previous cases. The significant cases includes; (i) green roof as rooftop farming in consuming the food security and reduce carbon footprint as well in Singapore, (ii) urban farming as a culture in emphasizing the domestic food production and consumption in Japan, (iii) rooftop urban farming as a significant in fresh urban food production in USA and (iv) rooftop is effective as edible landscape and not only serve for visual purpose only in Thailand. These cases will leads to localize the concept of the rooftop urban farming. These also will be as a strategy for the greening of the cities by intensifying the urban farming. This paper envisions to extend and establish the conceptual discourse for implementing urban farming on the rooftop areas in Malaysia. Presenter: Nur Hayati Hashim Author List: Nur Hayati Hashim ICSDL2016-50 The Relationship between The Socio-Economic Profile and Perception of Smallholders towards Empowerment Program in Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi, Indonesia Empowerment is one of the means of improving farmers’ bargaining position and hence their skills to improve their well-being. The study examines the association between socio-economic profile of the farmers and their perception towards empowerment program provided by one of the local NGOs named Yayasan Setara Jambi. Indeed, this study used the relationship of respondents’ background such as age, education, monthly income, year experience on oil palm plantation, and farming size on their perception towards empowerment program. Structured questionnaire and face-to-face data collection methods were employed to obtain the primary data from 194 oil palm smallholders in Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The result of study showed that among the socio- economic variables, only monthly income and farming size had the significant relationship on perception of farmers towards empowerment

• program. In order to be empowered, farmers should have higher

productivity from day to day which later on it can affect their monthly income from the selling of fresh fruit bunches. These results are useful input to the government as well as institutions that are responsible in providing empowerment program to the smallholders. Presenter: Novyandra Ilham Bahtera Author List: Novyandra Ilham Bahtera

ICSDL2016-52 THE PERCEPTION OF FISHERMEN TOWARDS RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES AT MERAMBONG SHOAL, JOHOR Reclamation activities are the process in creating new land from the

• cean, lake, riverbeds and to overcome the scarcity of land for
• development. Merambong Shoal, located in Johor has been transformed

into four man-made islands, in which the reclamation activities started in January 2014. The reclamation activities not only could benefits the society but also could create disadvantages to the resident in the area. Merambong Shoal has been known as the biggest seagrass bed and the nursery habitat for fishes and other aquatic livings in Malaysia. With the reclamation activities being carried out, this could alter the ecosystem and biodiversity of the Merambong Shoal which consequently will affect the number of marine catches by the fishermen. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to determine the perception of fishermen and impact of reclamation activities towards their socioeconomics at Merambong Shoal. Face-to-face interviews with 79 fishermen were carried out through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Result revealed that the majority of the fishermen had negative perception with respect to the reclamation activities. Lack of financial and marine resources, exploitation by middlemen and lack of fishing skills were the four main factors affecting the income of fishermen. Therefore, relevant authorities need to preserve and improve the ecosystem at the Merambong Shoal in order to ensure the number of fish catches will not be further effected by the reclamation activities. Presenter: NORA AZURA BINTI JUMAIN Author List: NORA AZURA BINTI JUMAIN Session 3D : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development 02.00 pm - 03.00 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: BK101

ICSDL2016-60 POVERTY ALLEVIATION: AN INTERGRATED APPROACH FOR MUSLIM COUNTRIES World leaders 16 years ago in the year 2000 met to address issues of poverty and human dignity. This conference led to the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which expired at the end of year 2015 and were succeeded by a new global development agenda in the form of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite progress in a number of targets in the MDGs the most important target of reducing absolute poverty remains a distant especially in Muslim countries. According to the United Nations about 1.3 billion people live in extreme poverty on less than $1.25 a day and 800 thousand of them are Muslims. This is the case regardless of the increase in the number of institutions having poverty alleviation mission statements, increase in microfinance institutions and huge amounts of aid flows in cash and in kind. One of the major reasons of high poverty incidence in Muslim countries is that the programs, the policies and strategies being applied are not appropriate and relevant in Muslim countries and concentrate on one aspect of poverty and do not consider the fact that poverty is a multi-dimension

• phenomenon. The current study explored determinants of poverty in

Muslim countries and proposed an effective mechanism to achieve poverty eradication. An effective mechanism for poverty alleviation is an approach that acknowledges that poverty alleviation is a multi-dimension phenomenon which can be eradicated by providing both consumption support and sustainable income. Presenter: Enock Woga Author List: Enock Woga

ICSDL2016-68 RESILIENCE, ADAPTIVE CAPACITIES AND ADAPTATION OF THE ORANG ASLI COMMUNITIES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE The Orang Asli are a minority community in West Malaysia whose cultural growth had been defined by its accessibility to environmental resources. The artifacts found in many Orang Asli museum attests to this very important relationships. These artifacts reflecting religious, cultural, economics and habitation development showed the importance, significant and relevance of the continuing need of environmental resources. Located mainly on the highland regions of the main range massif of West Malaysia, the Orang Asli are until now accessible to the bountiful supply of environmental resources. This paper is a discussion on threat, resilience vulnerability state of the Orang Asli communities of the Cameron Highlands and the adaptation needs for a sustainable habitation. The discussion were based on data acquired through media capture analysis, secondary information data beses, ground observation, instrumentation and measurement, questionnaire surveys and map analysis utilizing and ArcGis platform. Vulnerability model assessments showed that each component of Threat, System at Risk and Adaptive Capacities the Orang Asli communities were below the threshold values of resilience. Overall Vulnerability Assessment for three major river basins that constitute the Cameron Highlands also yield a value lower than the tolerable vulnerability threshold value. The paper concluded that in order for the Orang Asli communities to sustain its habitation in the Cameron Highlands the adaptation process need to involve two major components, a temporal and activities component. The temporal component utilizes and immediate, short term and long term activities responses. The activities components would incorporate soft and hard measures. Soft measures include activities that are associated with awareness programs, education and landuse policies whilst hard measures involved engineering and technological applications. Presenter: sitiqhairunissa@gmail.com, khairulo@um.edu.my Author List: Siti Qhairunnisa R.1, Khairulmaini.O.S2 , Firuza, B.3 , Fauza, A.G.4

ICSDL2016-69 Impact of Cyclone Sidr on Rural Livelihood using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Tools: a Case Study of a Coastal Unit in Bangladesh The study analyses the status of post-cyclone livelihood capitals (human, natural, financial, physical and social) and the underlining causes behind the condition. A south-central coastal unit (Angaria union, Dumki Upzilla of Patuakhali district) of Bangladesh has selected for its vulnerability to cyclone Sidr. Extensive questionnaire surveys at household level have conducted among 150 households through random sampling method. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyse the

• data. Access to natural, human, financial, physical and social capital have

been calculated using standard equations and found that 72%, 52%, 59.8%, 53% and 43.42% respectively are in habitual condition (normal level). The aftershock of cyclone Sidr, the access to natural capital have decreased 55% than the average level; the human capital was 10% less comparing to the consistent state and proportion was 22.7% for financial capital, 19% for physical capital and for social capital it was 24.78%. Causes behind such immense smash up may be the lack of proper institutional and administrative settings, poor livelihood strategies (adaptive and coping), hand to mouth income status, consequently poor living standards, lack of financial capital and sole dependency resource in an unsustainable manner. This study advocates promoting coordinated disaster risk reduction programmes to mitigate cyclone impacts and providing assistance for rebuilding post-cyclone livelihoods. Presenter: Toiaba Binta Taher Author List: Toiaba Binta Taher (toiabataher@gmail.com) ICSDL2016-71 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A URBAN RESIDENTIAL The growth of the world's population, increasing urbanization, inadequate infrastructure and expertise rising standards of living and rapid developments in technology are factors influence directly the municipal solid waste generation in Malaysia. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a problem and a serious challenge to local government authorities in developing countries. Malaysia, the total quantity of municipal solid waste generated will increase from 19,100 tons of waste per day in 2005 to 30,000 tons per day by 2020, if the annual rate population growth of 2.5 per cent. Practicing solid waste minimization is

• ne of the ways of reducing the solid wastes generation. This paper

reviews the i) Trends of municipal solid waste generation and the composition in Malaysia; ii) Solid waste minimization practices such as recycling concepts, recycling characteristics, and factors affecting household solid waste minimization in Malaysia based on published information; and ii) Overview of current practices in solid waste management in Shah Alam City Hall, Selangor, Malaysia with emphasis

• n the processes involved an analysis of existing problems and some

suggestions for improving municipal solid waste systems in the future. Presenter: Nor Eeda Binti Haji Ali Author List: NOR EEDA BINTI HAJI ALI Session 4A : THEME: Environmental Protection and Conservation 03.15 pm - 04.15 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: DK101

ICSDL2016-53 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND POVERTY IN THE GIAM SIAK KECIL BUKIT BATU BIOSPHERE RESERVE RIAU PROVINCE INDONESIA The level of human dependence on natural resources which leads to high degradation continuous biological resources as a result of their activities. Biosphere Reserve was formed with the goal of balancing the human relationship with nature. Explicitly recognizes the human and human interests in the landscape conservation. This research is aimed at determining the livelihood assets to the use of bio-resources establish indicators and analyze the level of poverty, and to analyze the relationship

• f biological and poverty in the Biosphere Reserve Giam Siak Kecil Bukit
• Batu. The method used to calculate the livelihood assets using sustainable

livelihood framework approach which includes human, social, natural, physical and financial capitals. Nested Spheres of Poverty (NESP) was used to analyze the level of poverty. Meanwhile, to analyze the relationship between utilization of biological resources and poverty used multivariate analysis. The results showed that based on the utilization of biological resources in the five villages in the core area, the village of Tasik Betung owns livelihood assets smallest and Tasik Serai owns livelihood assets the largest, whereas in the buffer zone, the village of Bukit Kerikil owns livelihood smallest assets and Muara Bungkal owns livelihood the greatest assets. NESP results showed that 6 villages in the critical category (poor), while 4 villages in the buffer zone (buffer) are in the medium category. Analysis of the relationship between poverty and livelihood assets showed a negative value to natural assets, i.e., the greater natural assets, the people are getting poorer. The use of biological resources in the core areas and buffer zones conducted by Specialized Extraction Group (SEG), which uses biological resources as the main income in the family economy. Presenter: Prima Wahyu Titisari Author List: Prima Wahyu Titisari

ICSDL2016-54 THE IMPORTANCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GIAM SIAK KECIL BUKIT BATU BIOSPHERE RESERVE RIAU PROVINCE INDONESIA The level of human dependence on natural resources which leads to high degradation continuous biological resources as a result of their activities. Biosphere Reserve was formed with the goal of balancing the human relationship with nature. Explicitly recognizes the human and human interests in the landscape conservation. This study aims to investigate the implementation of the management of Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserves (GSKBBBR) involving stakeholders or interested parties and related, directly or indirectly. There are 37 stakeholders with interests that synergy or no synergy with ecosystem functions (regulation, habitat, production, information and carrier) and management objectives

• GSKBBBR. In this study, there were 37 stakeholders, including the

category occupied by six stakeholders subjects, which are included in the category of key players is occupied by 12 stakeholders, including the category crowd occupied by 14 stakeholders, including the category context setters occupied by five stakeholders. In general, interest stakeholders synergy with ecosystem functions and management

• bjectives GSKBBBR. However, there is interest of the elements of

society, which is not synergy, namely the requirement of land for gardening and claim ownership of some land located in and around forest areas (entrance area of the company). The 37 stakeholders over the parties is linked to GSKBBBR management, stakeholders is playing an important role in the management, the role of each stakeholder are further elaborated in the context of interest, the significance (importance) and the effect (influence). Institutional strengthening collaboration of stakeholders are included in the category of key players. Caution and careful management of the six stakeholders are included in the group subcets and 14 stakeholders that included groups from becoming a source crowd constraints in the implementation of management activities GSKBBBR. Presenter: Elfis Author List: Elfis

ICSDL2016-55 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF RAFFLESIA IN ROYAL BELUM FOREST RESERVE, PERAK, MALAYSIA Rafflesia, the biggest flowers in the world are considered as majestic and are made as ecotourism icons for several places in South East Asia. Currently, a total of 28 species were recorded worldwide. The Rafflesia inhabits the forests of Malaysia, south Thailand, Borneo Island and Indonesia, including Sumatra and Java. 10 species of Rafflesia are found in Peninsular Malaysia alone. Generally, the Rafflesia flowers are located

• nly in specific areas. This study was executed in Royal Belum Forest

Reserve in the state of Perak. This site was gazetted in 2007 and consisted of a total area of 117 500 ha, bordered by Thailand in the north and to the east of the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. This study aimed to update the species distribution and ecology and to determine their status for conservation purposes. The Rafflesia population was mapped using Global Positioning System (GPS), their ecology and respective distribution were observed and recorded. During this study, there were 3 species of Rafflesia found in Royal Belum Forest Reserve, namely Rafflesia cantleyi, Rafflesia kerrii and Rafflesia azlanii. The species were recorded at X-Ray trail, Sg. Gadong, and Sg. Kooi. The species distributions were compared with a study done by Siti Munirah in 2006. It was found that the population and the distribution decreased in accordance with the habitat interruption by human intervention and natural factors such as wildlife trampling on the immature buds. However, more various physiological and environmental factors were taken into consideration in efforts of conserving this unique flower. Presenter: Farah Khaliz Kedri Author List: Farah Khaliz Kedri

ICSDL2016-58 Public Perception towards Sustainable Mangrove Forest Programs in Malaysia Mangrove have been an important vegetative in maintaining ecosystem balance and also give thousand benefits in human daily life which covers from timber, charcoal, woods, herbs, and fish and shrimp culture where all this can be valued as economic resources. Even with vast benefits

• ffered, mangrove forest keep declining and if there is no action be taken,

mangrove forest may go extinct in our world. Degradation of mangrove forest in Malaysia are mainly due to the development and agriculture

• purposes. Sustainable mangrove forest are not a new things in Malaysia

where Matang forest are popular for its sustainable forest management for

• ver 100 years. Sustainable mangrove forest programs not only involve

the authorities but also public to participate in replanting and manage mangrove forest. Thus, this study aims to determine public’s perception towards sustainable mangrove forest programs in Malaysia. Data were collected via face-to-face interview with respondents from the states that have higher percentage of mangrove forests such as Perak, Sabah, Selangor, Johor, and Pahang. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique from mangrove and non-mangrove areas with a total of 878 respondents. Data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis and chi-square analysis. Descriptive analysis found that public perception towards the important of mangrove forest are high with the mean score of 4.27. Chi-square analysis revealed that area of living, age, and education level shown a significant relationship with public’s perception towards sustainable mangrove forest programs. Insight of this study can help the government and NGOs to organize a campaign and programs related to sustainable mangroves forest more effectively. Presenter: NurShahirah bt Wahid Marican Author List: NurShahirah bt Wahid Marican Session 4B : THEME: Environmental Protection and Conservation 03.15 pm - 04.15 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: DK102

ICSDL2016-64 GIS BASED NON POINT SOURCES OF RIVER POLLUTION IN CAMERON HIGHLANDS, PAHANG, MALAYSIA Malaysia's Highlands are the new frontiers for economic developments in many parts of the country. Highland regions are upper parts of major river systems and are high energy environments in dynamic equilibrium. This dynamic equilibrium give rise to its unique characteristic features that defined pristine climatological and hydrological conditions and dictates rich biodiversity and water resources. Cameron Highlands is a mountainous area subjected to heavy tropical rainfall especially during monsoon

• season. However, the river water quality in Cameron Highlands has

deteriorated significantly due to massive land clearing for agriculture, uncontrolled usage of pesticides and fertilizers as well as construction activities in rapidly developing urban areas. The expansion of the urban population within river catchment in Cameron Highlands increased the input of organic matter to the river system. Hence, these pollution sources known as non-point pollution sources are diverse and hard to identify. The study utilizes secondary data sources from ASMA which measured at 9 main river during average and high water flow to determine and specify the level of pollution in the river. Results show water quality of the Ringlet and Bertam River recorded the highest total solid which is more than 650 mg/l due to high intensity of construction activities. Also the high concentrations of E.coli of more than 50000 cfu/100ml was observed at major rivers nearby agriculture activities especially in Telom, Tringkap and Ringlet rivers. Presenter: ROZIMAH BT MUHAMAD RASDI Author List: ROZIMAH BT MUHAMAD RASDI ICSDL2016-70 CHARACTERIZATION OF BRIQUETTES FROM BIODEGRADABLE WASTE FOR CHEAP ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Solid waste management remains a challenge in developing countries. Large amounts of solid waste are generated in agricultural productions, households, industries and academic institutions. The findings of characterization of the solid wastes of the University of San Agustin in Iloilo City, Philippines demonstrated that on the average it generates 484 kilos of biomass daily, where 35% is biodegradable material. This study aimed to reduce the solid waste generated by the University by finding ways to utilize the solid waste generated; specifically to utilize biomass into alternative energy. Failure to address the problem is a violation of “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000” (RA 9003) and poses as an additional expense for the University. The briquettes prepared from biomass were characterized based on its proximate analysis and practical performance as possible alternative energy. We found that most of the biomass had high volatile matter. The practical performances of the briquette as alternative energy were evaluated against a commercially available briquette. Findings from this study will enable the stakeholders to find ways to utilize 35% of its solid waste therefore reducing the solid waste generated by the institution as a whole. Findings from this study will be reported on this paper. Presenter: Regina Aileen May Valaquio-Vergara Author List: Regina Aileen May Valaquio-Vergara

ICSDL2016-73 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE TURF MANAGEMENT AMONG IMPLEMENTERS IN SELECTED AREA IN MALAYSIA Agriculture is a largest economy necessity in supporting people, community and country growth throughout the region. Actualizing, agriculture sustainability is really helps to improve environmental health and put some standard of living quality. The issue is developing countries nowadays including Malaysia are not so into sustainable urbanization. Take a good care of our environmental quality is very important and by doing it right from the start will help to reduce problems for example degradation of natural resources, distinction of flora and fauna, pollutions, negative impacts of chemical used, health hazard and stream water quality which nowadays those problems are not strictly preserved and getting worst and not feasible to carry on future generation. Therefore, it is a must for us to preserve our nature specifically turf grass. Sustainable turf management is refers to prepare and maintain a lawn environmentally by considering economic value. Moreover, strong management team, knowledge and skills, environment and climate change, availability of inputs and materials, facilities, infrastructure and technology, government law and policy, financial and incentive, environmental training and employee empowerment as factors of success in the sustainable

• implementation. Therefore, it is necessary for us to preserve and maintain
• ur surrounding quality by include sustainability in every single

management and development. Implementation of Sustainable turf management is perfect choice among implementers to improve urbanization quality in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to reviews the past study on the factors that influence implementation of sustainable turf management among Malaysian implementers such as residential and sport field contractors. Presenter: nur fatihah husna bt omar Author List: nur fatihah husna bt omar ICSDL2016-74 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN MALAYSIA: THE BENEVOLENCE OF ICTS The efficacy and potentialities of ICTs are aptly captured by the above assertion; they are tools that are applied in vast number of human

• endeavors. Looked upon mainly as a convenient tools but the services

they give are as much lifesaving as they entertain. The ubiquitous tool has evolve from replacing means of transferring information to catalyzing processes in vast areas of development eg ICT for development (Raiti, 2007), agricultural risks , marketing and livelihood development (Duncombe, 2012; FAO, 2013; Li, 2013; Omar et al., 2011), food security (FAO, 2015) education and medical sciences among others. Hence the continuous enhancement and refinement of communication tools to effectively and efficiently serve the purpose of man. Presenter: Norsida Man Author List: Norsida Man Session 4C : THEME: Fisheries and Aquaculture 03.15 pm - 04.15 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: DK103

ICSDL2016-21 PROFIT SHARING AND FOOD SECURITY ANALYSIS: A STUDY OF FISHERMEN HOUSEHOLD IN BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Thin study examines the profit sharing and food security analysis of fishermen household in Banda Aceh District in Indonesia. A sample size of 40 households was selected purposively from four villages. Data was collected through field survey by using pre-designed and pre-tested

• questionnaire. Studying fish capture fisheries production in the Province

Aceh, showed an increase in production every year., the year 2010 amounted to 142.697 tons, and in 2014 at 159.487 tons. Should have a positive impact on the increase in the income of fishermen. In fact, profit fishermen household is still very limited, due to revenue determined unilaterally by the owners of the means fishing boats, purse seine and

• FADs. Objective studies to determine the profit sharing between the

shipowner, financiers, captain and crew members as well as household food security. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, calculate the total acceptance of the catches of fishermen used the formula: TR = Q x P (Soekartawi, 2002). Description: TR = Revenue Total; Q = Production; P = Price. Then, look for net income by the formula: ? = PrT - (BO). Description: ? = Revenue; PrT = Value catch; BO = Operating costs. Furthermore, comparing the revenue generated from each side, use the formula: ? A / TR : ? B/TR : ? C /TR: ? D /TR. Description: ?A = shipowner Income, ? B = financiers, ? C = captain; ? D = crew member. Food security is measured by cross-classification between the two indicators: the share of food expenditure and energy consumption

• f households of fishermen.

Presenter: Teuku Fauzi Author List: Teuku Fauzi

ICSDL2016-22 Quality Carp and Tilapia Seed Production in Barisal Region: A Way to Increase Fish Productivity There are 38 private fish hatchery in Barisal region and most of these hatcheries function in genetic and reproductive isolation, no introductions

• r replenishment by new stocks, just to maximize the fixed target of seed

production without considering the genetic quality of hatchery population which results the deterioration of fish seed quality. USAID-Aquaculture for Income and Nutrition (AIN) project has taken challenges to improve fish seed quality in southern Bangladesh. Barisal region is one of the main areas for improvement where the project has been working. The study discusses the seed improvement activities under Barisal region. The

• bjective of study understood about the current situation of the hatcheries

by extensive survey. In 2012 AIN project initially identified six potential hatcheries for seed quality improvement program and inclusion of new hatcheries under this program increased over the year until 2015 to disseminate this program to larger areas. As part of the program, the project distributed quality broods of Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala to the supported hatcheries, provided technical support on improve the brood management, distributed improved tilapia broods of 14 generation imported from Malaysia and Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, supported to develop breeding quality of the tilapia broods (called Tilapia breeding Nucleus) supported to manage future brood stock, , and supplied aeration device to increase dissolve oxygen in the water. By using the aeration tower device the hatchery enjoyed production approximately 30% more. A trend of increase in carp spawn production in the supported hatcheries was observed from 2012 to 2015 and the highest spawn production came in 2015 which was 12,728kg. The supported hatcheries experienced 7-31 percent increase in carp spawn production in the last three years. A total of spawn production of Labeo rohita species were 970 kg, 2,799 kg and 2,448 kg in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively where 272 kg, 866 kg and 960 kg from project supplied broods. Total production Catla catla spawn was 272, 866 & 960 Kg whereas AIN supplied brood contribution was 112, 234 & 219 Kg respectively. Total production Cirrhinus mrigala spawn was 508, 1460 & 1748 whereas AIN supplied brood contribution was 148, 249 and 673 Kg respectively. It was

• bserved that, in the year 2012 Labeo rohita spawn produced from AIN

supplied brood was 46.39% whereas 32 % and 57 % in the year 2013 & 2014 respectively. In case of Tilapia it was found that, three crore more fry produced in the year 2015 whereas 1.2 crore fry produced in the year 2014 was indicate that, 2 times more Tilapia fry produced in the region as well as increasing demand day by day. Presenter: Md. Abu Nayeem Author List: Md. Abu Nayeem

ICSDL2016-23 An Alternative Method for Logistic Regression Modelling in Benthic Organisms: Algorithm for Weighted and Bootstrap Logistic Regression This paper supplied a complete method of an alternative weighted logistic regression as a technique for analysis through SAS algorithm. This paper also aims to investigate the effect of the fish cage aquaculture activity to the benthic communities in Bidong Island. Benthic organism have been

• ne of the most common organisms used as indicators for assessing

environmental quality in marine environments due to their diversity and known characteristics such as limited mobility. Literally, it means those benthic organisms are unable to avoid themselves from the changes in the

• environment. This alternative method is a manipulation technique (using

bootstrap) for the small data set and gives the researcher an option to launch the analysis even there is not enough data set. This is an extension

• f an improvement of the current method by adding weighted and

bootstrap to step of building logistic regression model. Presenter: Wan Muhammad Luqman Wan Rosdi Author List: Wan Muhammad Luqman Wan Rosdi Session 4D : THEME: Socioeconomy and Community Development 03.15 pm - 04.15 pm, 28 August 2016 Room: BK101 ICSDL2016-72 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN A URBAN RESIDENTIAL - The case

• f Shah Alam City Hall, Selangor.

The growth of the world's population, increasing urbanisation, inadequate infrastructure and expertise rising standards of living and rapid developments in technology are factors influence directly the municipal solid waste generation in Malaysia. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a problem and a serious challenge to local government authorities in developing countries. Malaysia, the total quantity of municipal solid waste generated will increase from 19,100 tons of waste per day in 2005 to 30,000 tons per day by 2020, if the annual rate population growth of 2.5 per cent. Practicing solid waste minimisation is

• ne of the ways of reducing the solid wastes generation. This paper

reviews an i) Overview of current practices solid waste management and the trends of municipal solid waste generation and the composition in Malaysia; and ii) Solid waste management practices in Shah Alam City Hall, Selangor, Malaysia an analysis of existing problems and factors affecting households solid waste minimisation in municipal solid waste management systems. Presenter: Nor Eeda Binti Haji Ali Author List: Nor Eeda Binti Haji Ali

ICSDL2016-75 Paddy Farmers’ Risk Financing Mechanisms in Malaysia: Can Insurance Ensure Sustainable Livelihood? This paper examines the willingness-to-pay for crop insurance among paddy farmers in Malaysia and investigates the major perils faced by paddy farmers and the risk financing mechanisms utilized to overcome the

• losses. Several attempts were made to introduce crop insurance in

Malaysia but failed to reach the market. Thus, this study aims to analyze the demand side of crop to further assess the needs for crop insurance. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to paddy producing farmers in the northern region of Malaysia. The study found that about 26 percent of the respondents are unwilling to pay for the bid amount given to

• them. The most common reason why they are not willing to pay is

because they believe the premium should be subsidized by the government (71.4%) while 14.3 percent give the reason that they do not believe in insurance. Findings from this study benefits the regulators as well the commercial insurers in designing crop insurance in Malaysia. Presenter: Arpah Abu-Bakar Author List: Arpah Abu-Bakar