Prepositioning Oxfam GB for 2020 WASH Challenge ANALYSIS OF - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Prepositioning Oxfam GB for 2020 WASH Challenge ANALYSIS OF COUNTRIES, PARTNERS AND CONCEPTS Outline of Presentation Reminder of DFID stated intentions Short overview of Nutrition Sensitive WASH Country Selection Partner
ANALYSIS OF COUNTRIES, PARTNERS AND CONCEPTS
§ Reminder of DFID stated intentions § Short overview of Nutrition Sensitive WASH § Country Selection § Partner Analysis § Oxfam comparative advantage § Proposed Concepts
§ Concept 1 § Concept 2 § Concept 3
§ Next Steps – Proposal Development Steps
DFID INTENTIONS (SEE HANDOUT)
Size £140M Duration 3 years Up to 2020 Beneficiaries ? 15M Aiming to meet policy commitment of helping 60 million people to get access to clean water and sanitation. 9.8M people targeted under current BC for £109M
2-5? Inc current WASH suppliers. Can be consortia or individual suppliers Management Directly by DFID
Country Selection Ø Fragile, SUN, building on learning from current PBR, low WASH access and high malnutrition and/or stunting overlap Target Ø People with low WASH access Ø Women and Children (specifically <5s) for nutrition sensitive WASH Objectives Ø To reach XX? people with improved sanitation or water together with hygiene promotion by March 2020 Ø Include nutrition as an objective ( malnutrition indicators (eg. stunting/ wasting) at impact-level) Ø Contribute to at least one nutrition-sensitive outcome Ø Need to align to SDGs for WASH and Nutrition - sustainability M&E Ø Extended use of independent MVE contractor Ø Rigorous internal measurement, reporting and analysis capacity needed
Financing Mechanism
Ø Result Based Financing. Ø Lessons learnt on current PBR suggest that clearly defined targets and results framework are required upfront. Ø Up to 30% payments will be linked to outcome level sustainability results -
DEMYSTIFYING
WASH Pathways to undernutrition (from WSP
, 2015)
Baby WASH
infant’s hands and barriers to animal faeces and caregivers -usually mother who is focus of most WASH programmes anyway.
service delivery preferable. Situations where WASH only may be appropriate:
in dryland areas to reduce women’s workload and improve access to economic opportunity (also indirect pathway to improved nutrition)
productivity, potential for growth of nutritious food etc)
is needed to reduce transmission of specific disease, e.g. cholera, guinea worm etc
Initial filter to remove the countries which are not DFID priorities and did not express willingness to do WASH and Nutrition Sensitive WASH (NSW). à long list of 20
Filter 1 – National WASH and Nutrition indicators Øselected those with the poorest performance.
Ødropped countries with highest sanitation coverage/ met MDG sanitation target; Øalso 2 with low vulnerability to stunting.
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, DRC, Ethiopia, Liberia, Mali, Nepal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe Filter 2 - 4 criteria aggregating several indicators ØSector strength ØPresence of Conducive Country Policy Environment/ Enabling Factors (inc SUN) ØSector Resource Mobilization/ Absorption for WASH & Nutrition; ØPresence of Innovation in Programming Approaches and/or technology Bangladesh, DRC, Liberia, Mali, Nepal, Sierra Leone, Zambia, Zimbabwe + Ethiopia and Pakistan?
MOST FRAGILE (HIGH RISK) – PbR conditions need to be built in Mali Zimbabwe DRC Pakistan
MODERATELY FRAGILE (LOWER RISK) – conventional PbR project possible
Bangladesh Nepal Zambia Ethiopia Sierra Leone Liberia
STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES OF EXISTING SWIFT CONSORTIUM OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW PARTNERSHIP
ØWateraid + Plan + ?LSHTM
Ø Already part of the SHARE consortium together with LSHTM, a likely alliance for this lot. ØPartnering with Plan for new WASH challenge. Very Strong, competitive Consortium
ØSNV
ØStrong experience (and smart results framework) for PBR Ø Stronger in sanitation than water and will have to partner with others for Nutrition sensitive WASH.
ØSave the Children
Østrongly and openly lobbied DfiD to focus more on malnutrition, successfully providing evidence based data and approaches ØWASH (?) and Health strength after merger with Merlin ØNo PbR experience
Remember lessons learnt from SWIFT: ØToo many partners makes consortium management difficult and Results hard to report on (for PbR) ØAdded value of research/learning organisation in consortium questionable ØToo many countries increases verification costs WSUP – Weak partner - only valuable for urban programme Tearfund – Strong partner - Solid reputation for small, scale, high quality programmes and strong commitment to sustainable WASH. Complementary country strengths ODI – strong but ? Unnecessary partner Concern – reasonably strong but not compared to others for NSW ACF – Strong partner – especially in fragile states Note Collaboration/Cross learning across consortium (and others doing NSW) likely to be encouraged
ØOperating in Fragile states – willing/able to experiment and take risks to achieve results ØOne programme approach – can expand and contract to respond to shocks and stresses without interrupting drive for results ØWell established partnerships and government relationships (leverage and influence for sustainable results) – IN SOME COUNTRIES ØInnovations in approach and technologies – can roll out where proof of concept is secure Ø(in partnership with Tearfund) Proven success in PbR - strong experience and tools developed. Good learning culture. Note: Expertise in nutrition not necessary for NSW. Informal collaboration at country level can lead to synergised WASH & Nutrition without Joint Programme
POSITIONING OXFAM PARTNERS FOR NSW
(eg. stunting/ wasting) at impact-level)
(e.g women’s or adolescent girls’ or children’s access to water, sanitation and hygiene’ , food security or women’s empowerment through livelihood programming)
Co Concept 1 – Mul Multipl ple Use Wa Water Supply (M (MUS) ) in Dr Dryland Ar Areas
WASH Pathways to undernutrition (from WSP
, 2015)
ØWater access is still not achieved in many dry lands and burden of fetching water falls mostly on women ØSustainability water service delivery is a challenge (seasonal unreliability, climatic shocks, conflict and weak management) ØWater quantity for good hygiene is more of a problem than water quality or sanitation ØLivelihoods (and food production, especially milk for < 5s) are dependant on reliable water supply ØReliable water supplies, sustainable livelihoods and human capital (inc women's empowerment) are critical for households resilience ØTargets communities in remote, dryland areas who are exposed to high risk and also have high malnutrition levels (acute and chronic) ØRelevant for fragile states (and countries with fragile areas) with pockets of poor water access (remote and marginalised communities)
ØSustainability (sustainable water service delivery) ØFragile states – Oxfam recognised capacity to work in complex contexts and match with DFID intention to target poorest of the poor and focus
ØPrivate sector engagement – as part of sustainability design (private
ØNSW - Reaching nutrition targets via an under-studied but highly plausible route ØTargeting areas with high malnutrition rates and low nutritional resilience ØSpecifically targeting women
ØBuilds on existing Oxfam expertise ØPotential for multiple outcomes (inc strengthened resilience & women’s empowerment) ØFew studies but considerably plausibility of women’s workload having significant impact on > 5 nutrition ØTargeting most vulnerable ØBuild in Sustainable Water Services
IF households/ primary caregivers have access to safe domestic water supply, adopt and practice sustained use of HWTS, adopt and practice sustained MUS for food security/ income generation, adopt and practice sustained behaviour change in food hygiene, hand washing and ' baby WASH' THEN there will be reduction in EED, helminth infection and diarhhoeal disease and better nutrient uptake & absorption for children <2yrs leading to reduction in stunting for children< 5 yrs
Objectives
ØIncreased sustainable, safe water access for populations at risk in rural areas Outcomes ØWomen’s empowerment ØReduction in women’s workload ØImproved/diversified dietary intake ØImproved care practices & exclusive breast feeding
Co Concept 2 – Hy Hygien ene e and San Sanitation i in Ru Rural Vi Villages an and C Centres
WASH Pathways to undernutrition (from WSP
, 2015)
ØRural villages in Africa and Asia have high rates of open defecation and corresponding high levels of stunting ØFaecal contamination is high in compounds with large number of children and animals/chickens ØWater access improving in many countries but sanitation targets not met ØDemand for sanitation growing (especially rural centres) but supply of sanitation services still weak ØTarget areas where low WASH coverage and high wasting/stunting overlap ØTarget < 2 year old children (‘baby WASH’)
ØSustainability (sustained use of improved sanitation) ØPrivate sector engagement – as part of sustainability design (private operators for water service delivery etc) ØNSW - Reaching nutrition targets via the strongest causal pathway ØSUN countries and ØTargetting areas with high malnutrition rates and low nutritional resilience ØSimple set of results with well established indicators so easier for PbR project
ØBuilds on existing Tearfund expertise ØStrong evidence base for NSW in this context (Zim, Bangladesh etc) & can build on results of studies ØReach large numbers with sanitation and hygiene (especially with CLTS) ØLink with existing nutrition (and health) service delivery ØBuild on multi-sectoral coordination platforms (food security, nutrition etc)
ØStrong competition from SNV and Plan so need to select countries carefully
IF Households/ Primary caregivers/ mothers have knowledge of the benefits of safe disposal of faeces and invest in and sustain use of basic sanitation facilities, adopt and sustain safe food handling and preparation practices, adopt and sustain hand washing with soap at critical times, establish baby play environments that limit unsafe baby-to-mouth behaviours, adopt and sustain safe disposal of animal faeces THEN households will have an ODF environment with reduced pathogens within the play environmentf children < 2 yrs, improved hygiene by care givers and reduced faeces-to-mouth/ hand-to-mouth behaviours for children<2 yrs, thus reducing pathogen transfer to baby's mouths leading to a reduction of EED, helminth infection & diarrhoea and increased nutrient uptake & absorption for children< 2 yrs, increased height for age and reduction in stunting for children < 5 yrs
Objectives Young children live in a safe environment and reach full development
Outcomes ØAccess to improved sanitation ØODF environment ØSafe play area ØReduced EE and diarrhea disease
Co Concept 3 – Ur Urban an W WASH
WASH Pathways to undernutrition (from WSP
, 2015)
ØStunting levels in peri-urban and informal settlements are the highest in many countries (up to 50% in Nairobi slums) ØHigh risk of diaherral disease and EE due to highly contaminated environment ØUrban population growing faster than services ØCommercialised service delivery marginalises the poorest of the poor (paying up to 5x more for water) ØSanitation services traditionally VERY difficult but new innovations/technologies emerging ØHigh levels of gender based violence (GBV) as women find places to defecate or fetch water at night
ØSustainability (sustained use of water supply and improved sanitation) ØPrivate sector engagement – as part of sustainability design (private operators for water and sanitation services ØNSW - Reaching nutrition targets via the strongest causal pathway ØTargetting areas with highest stunting rates ØLikely ‘biggest bang for bucks’ – reaching high numbers, high impact at lower operational cost
ØBuilding on existing Oxfam expertise (& bring in WSUP) ØMultiple outcomes, including women’s safety from violence ØReach large numbers with water, sanitation and hygiene (densely populated areas) ØPrivate sector engagement – as part of sustainability design (private operators for water service delivery etc) ØHigh visibility in a priority area for many governments (and donors?) ØEasier monitoring of results for MVE teams for PbR
ØStrong competition from WSUP (if in another consortium) so need to select countries carefully ØRisky environment – WASH highly political in many informal settlements
IF households/ primary caregivers have access to safe and affordable domestic water supply, investment in, adopt and sustain use of basic sanitation facilities, adopt and sustain use of safe, dignified and affordable container-based sanitation (CBS) services/ facilities for disposal of faeces, adopt and sustain use of safe and affordable faecal sludge management (FSM) services/ facilities, adopt and sustain behaviour change in food hygiene, hand washing and ' baby WASH' THEN safe water will be available for drinking and food preparation, primary caregivers/ mothers will make time and cost savings leading to income generating activities and more income for purchasing food and diet diversification leading to more nutritious food for children< 2 yrs, households will have an ODF environment with reduced pathogens within the play environmentf children < 2 yrs, improved hygiene by care givers and reduced faeces-to-mouth/ hand-to-mouth behaviours for children<2 yrs there will be reduction in EED, helminth infection and diarhhoeal disease and better nutrient uptake & absorption for children <2yrs leading to reduction in stunting for children< 5 yrs
Objectives
Women are safer from violence and under 5 yr old children are better nourished because of safe sanitation and affordable water supplies. Outcomes ØAccess to improved, safe sanitation ØODF environment ØSafe play area ØReduced EE and diarrhea disease ØReduction in Gender Based Violence
ØReview Concept Notes from shortlisted countries ØAgree on priority countries ØFinalise consortium partners and agree working modality ØReview DFID Business case and adapt concepts as necessary ØEngage teams in selected countries to develop full proposal ØMore detailed review of context and country programmes Ø‘mini’ ToC workshops in each country ØDrafting proposal text and budget