Possibilities for future beams at CERN First event from - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Possibilities for future ν beams at CERN First ¡ ν τ ¡event ¡from ¡OPERA/CNGS ¡ I. Efthymiopoulos - CERN Many thanks to: M. Dracos, R. Garoby, E. Gschwendtner,, A. Guglielmi, K. Long, F. Pietropaolo, A. Rubbia, R. Steerenberg, E. Wildner NNN10 Int. Workshop Toyama, Japan, December 15,2010 1

ν beams at CERN – The present CERN Neutrinos to Grand Sasso, IT - CNGS CERN 730km LNGS Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10-Toyama, December 15, 2010 2

ν beams at CERN – The present - CNGS is THE neutrino oscillation facility in Europe - v τ appearance optimized detectors: OPERA (1.2kt) ICARUS (0.6kt) Proton beam p m parameters Energy 400 GeV /c • 6 seconds Cycle length • 2 extractions/cycle, 50ms apart • 2.4 x 10 13 protons Extraction • 10.5 μ s long pulse Beam power • 500 kW Approved program: - 4.5 × 10 19 protons/year – 5 year program - Installation completed in June 2006 - ~3.5 × 10 11 ν μ /year at Grand Sasso - In physics operation since 2007 - ~3000 CC ν μ interactions/kt/year at the experiment - ~2÷3 ν τ interactions detected/year (OPERA) Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 3

CNGS - Conventional ν beam p + C → (interactions) → π + , K + → (decay) → µ + + ν µ 800m 100m 1000m 26m 67m T ARGET U NIT vacuum M UON DETECTORS M AGNETIC H ORNS 270cm ❚ C rods ❚ 5(4) mm Ø 11.25cm spacing ❚ 5 in-situ spares 2 ¡× ¡41 ¡fixed ¡monitors ¡ ❚ 2 ¡× ¡1 ¡motorized ¡monitor ❚ Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10-Toyama, December 15, 2010 4

CNGS - Performance Protons on Target First ν τ event from OPERA 2006 (commissioning) 0.09 × 10 19 2007 (commissioning- HI) 0.08 × 10 19 2008 – physics run 1.79 × 10 19 2009 – physics run 3.58 × 10 19 2010 – physics run 4.04 × 10 19 Total 9.41 × 10 19 à OPERA talk by K. Hamada 2011 – physics run (221d) 4.7 × 10 19 Courtesy: D. Autiero … and first events from ICARUS à ICARUS talk by C.Rubbia Drift time coordinate (1.4 m) beam Collection view Wire coordinate (8 m) Courtesy: ICARUS coll. Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10-Toyama, December 15, 2010 5

CNGS - Operation ¨ The ¡design ¡and ¡opera7on ¡of ¡a ¡ high-­‑intensity , ¡ high-­‑power ¡ (0.3-­‑0.5MW ¡of ¡ beam ¡power) ¡facility ¡is ¡always ¡very ¡challenging ¨ Design: ¡ ¤ Choice of materials , facility layout , shielding , radiation environment ¤ Technical challenges during construction ¨ Opera3on ¡: ¤ Possibility for early repairs must be included in the design ¤ Radiation effects on proximity electronics should be looked at ¤ Key item: the ventilation system that has a double challenge: temperature/humidity control, and management of radioactive air ¤ H-3 creation (air, water) should not be forgotten ! ¨ Important ¡lessons, ¡in ¡view ¡of ¡future ¡facili7es ¡with ¡(M) MW ¡of ¡beam ¡power ¡! Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 6

ν beams at CERN - The future Courtesy: C. Touramanis – CERN Neutrino Strategy Workshop Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10-Toyama, December 15, 2010 7

Accelerator ν Physics in Europe (besides CNGS) ¨ Strong ¡par7cipa7on ¡of ¡European ¡Labs ¡in ¡ν ¡physics ¡programs ¡worldwide ¤ T2K neutrino beam ¤ International Design Study Europe 50% for a Neutrino Factory ( IDS-NF ) ¨ EC ¡funded ¡design ¡studies Courtesy: T. Hasegawa CERN Neutrino Strategy Workshop ¤ EUROnu – Design Study for Super-beam, β -beam, ν -factory ¤ EUCARD – Neu2012 (network activity) – MICE (transnational access) ¤ LAGUNA – Water Cherenkov, LArgon, Scintillator Detectors ¤ LAGUNA-LBNO(proposal) - Detectors + beams from CERN ¨ R&D ¡Ac7vi7es ¡– ¡prototypes ¤ MERIT@CERN - high-power targetry experiment ¤ MICE@ RAL - muon ionization cooling experiment Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 8

ν beams at CERN – future possibilities Short ¡3mescale ¡(~2015) ¤ Conventional LBL ν -beams from SPS (400 GeV) Exploit the CNGS technology, sub-MW class facility, CNGS+ n n Intensity upgrade, new focusing scheme for low ν -beam energies ¤ Conventional SBL ν -beam from PS (20 GeV) - PSNF Dedicated experiment on sterile neutrinos n Test bed for detector and targetry R&D, x-section measurements n Medium ¡3mescale ¡(~2020) ¤ Conventional LBL ν -beams from SPS (400 GeV) n CNGS+ beam to a new site ( CN2? ) ¤ Upgrade using LP-SPL as proton driver, new HPPS (30-50 GeV) n ~MW class facility ( CN2?-HP ) The ¡BIG ¡picture ¡– ¡ul3mate ¡facili3es ¡(~2030) ¤ Super beams, β -beams, Neutrino Factory n HP-SPL and new accelerators, MMW class facilities Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 9

What future for CNGS? The presently approved program will be completed by 2014 assuming 4.7 × 10 19 pot/y for 2011, 2013, 2014 22.5×10 19 ¡pot Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 10

CNGS Upgrade Possibilities Limitations: key elements of the secondary beam line: target, horns, beam windows layout and RP considerations, SPS RF and beam extraction system CNGS upgrade ⇔ SPS upgrade: Possibilities will be studied within the LHC Injector Upgrade project ( LIU ) and followed in LAGUNA-LBNO 750kW may be reachable, going beyond would require substantial consolidation of the facility 200 days, 100% 200 days, 55% 200 days, 55% # PS Int. per SPS Int. per PS batch efficiency, no efficiency, no efficiency, 60% batches cycle sharing sharing CNGS sharing [prot./6s cycle] [pot/year] [pot/year] [pot/year] 2.4 × 10 13 - Nominal CNGS 2 4.8 × 10 13 1.38 × 10 20 7.6 × 10 19 4.56 × 10 19 3.5 × 10 13 - Ultimate CNGS 2 7.0 × 10 13 2.02 × 10 20 1.11 × 10 20 6.65 × 10 19 M.Meddahi, E.Schaposnicova - CERN-AB-2007-013 PAF working hypothesis for 750kW design limit for the target RP calculations Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Japan, December 15, 2010 11

Future CNGS experiments? ¨ MODULAR ¡proposal ¡ APJ ¡29 ¡(2008) ¡174 ¨ New ¡10km ¡off-­‑axis ¡experiment 20kt(4×5kt) ¡LArgon-­‑TPC ¡based ¡on ¡the ¡ ¨ ICARUS-­‑T600 ¡technology ¡(× ¡2.66 ¡scale-­‑up) MODULAr/CNGS ¡(400 ¡GeV, ¡1.2 ¡10 20 ¡pot/yr) ¡~ ¡ ¨ NOνA/NUMI ¡(120 ¡GeV, ¡6.5 ¡10 20 ¡pot/yr) à ICARUS talk by C.Rubbia Event rates in MODULAR ‣ 20 kt, 5 y, 1.2 10 20 pot/y, sin2(2 θ 13 )=0.1 ν µ CC e bkg Signal S/ √ (bkg) 5700 28 250 47 Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 12

From conventional to super ν -beams A staged approach to intensity T2K T2K T2K (300km) JPARC (300km) (300km) T2O(658km) - 0.11MW operation in - expected 0.75MW - expected 1.66MW 2010 gradually ~2014 operation, by >2014 NUMI/MINOS NUMI/NOVA LBNE/DUSEL FNAL (700km) (700km off-axis) (1300 km) - 0.3MW sustained - 0.75MW upgrade - 2MW operation operation (~2013) requires Project-X CNGS CNGS+ (732km) or CN2PY(2300km) CERN (732km) CN2PY (2300km) CN2FR(130km) - 0.75MW “ultimate”, - 2MW operation - 0.3MW sustained requires SPS and requires LP-SPL+HPPS, operation, 0.5MW if injector upgrade or HP-SPL+Accum no beam sharing LAGUNA-LBNO, EURO ν FP7 Design Studies Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 13

LAGUNA FP7 Study Courtesy: A. Rubbia, LAGUNA 4.Pyhäsalmi à NNN Detector talk by S. Katsanevas 1.Boulby 5.Sieroszowice 3.Fréjus 6.Slanic 7.Umbria 2.Canfranc Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 14

Conventional ν -beams from CERN Courtesy: A. Rubbia, LAGUNA CERN-Frejus (130km) & CERN-Pyhasalmi(2300km): Very short/very long baseline combination for unique physics opportunities in Europe Determine CP-violation by comparison of ν / Determine CP-violation and mass degeneracy by anti- ν in absence of competing matter effects spectrum measurement and resolve Very low energy beam, huge (WC) detector degeneracies and so called “ π -transit” effect arXiv:0908.3741.v1 for “Magic distance” ... and synnergies: CERN-Frejus : adequate baseline/ energy for β - CERN-Pyhasalmi : adequate baseline for Neutrino- beam Factory Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 15

CERN ν -beam to Pyhasalmi - CN2PY Near ¡detector CN2PY Target 0.75-­‑2MW HPPS SPL CNGS Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10-Toyama, December 15, 2010 16

CN2PY-HP - Physics Reach Courtesy: A. Rubbia, LAGUNA Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10-Toyama, December 15, 2010 17

CN2PY - Technical challenges CN2PY can’ t be just a “copy” of CNGS Key issues to address: Target station design: 0.75 - 2 MW Optimized target/horn secondary beam optics for low energy neutrinos SPS extraction system for high-intensity beams maintaining the TI2 extraction for LHC Decay tube and near detector with 10-deg slope Build up synergies and collaboration with teams working on similar projects in Japan and US NBI workshop March 2012 @ CERN - NBI2012 Ilias Efthymiopoulos - CERN NNN10 - Toyama, December 15, 2010 18

The ultimate facilities Precision measurements The Menu: • Mass hierarchy • CP-violation • θ 13 - if only limits until then • Understand and measure the ν -mixing parameters • Understand the differences between the quark and lepton sector • Physics beyond the S ν M? 19