POP atmospheric input to the Baltic Sea Alexey Gusev MSC-E - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HELCOM PRESSURE Group Meeting 3/2015 Alexey Gusev Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East of EMEP

Availability of information for evaluation of POP atmospheric input to the Baltic Sea

МСЦ-В MSC-E

Availability of data on POPs listed in the Contract between HELCOM and EMEP

PRESSURE-3/2015

List of POPs discussed at HELCOM MONAS15, LOAD4 and LOAD7:

• PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, HBCDD, PFOS

Current status of POP pollution assessment within LRTAP Convention:

• Data on PCDD/Fs, PAHs and PCBs are regularly reported

by EMEP (emissions, monitoring, and modelling)

• PBDEs, HBCDD, and PFOS are under consideration for

the inclusion to the Protocol on POPs

POP emission data for modelling

PRESSURE-3/2015

Official reporting of POP emission data:

PCDD/Fs, PAHs, PCBs > 40 countries Includes: gridded data, source categories, national totals Time period: 1990 – current reporting year (2013)

Expert estimates of POP emissions:

• TNO inventory for Europe: PAHs, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, PBDE, …
• Global inventory of PCBs (1930-2100) (K. Breivik et al., 2007)
• UNEP SC global inventory of PCDD/F emission
• Estimates of emission in literature: HBCDD, PFOS

4 PAHs emission for 2013

PBDE emission data for modelling

PRESSURE-3/2015

TNO inventory of POP emission in Europe for 2000, 2010, 2020

PBDE emission for 2000

DK 2% LV 1% LT 1% SE 4% EE 0.6% PL 15% DE 32% RU 42% FI 2%

PBDE emission of HELCOM countries (contributions in %)

Monitoring of POP pollution levels

PRESSURE-3/2015

EMEP measurements (EBAS):

PAHs 34 sites (1994-2013) PCBs 14 sites (1993-2013) PBDE 8 sites (2006-2014) HBCDD 1 site, SE14 (2013-2014) PFOS 5 sites (2006-2014)

Additional POP measurement data:

AirBase (EEA) GMP DataWareHouse (UNEP SC) National campaigns, projects, …

EMEP network for POPs PCB monitoring sites (GMP DWH)

Model assessment of PAH pollution

PRESSURE-3/2015

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Observed, ng/m 3 Modelled, ng/m

3

B[a]P IP B[k]F B[b]F

Measurement/modelling agreement Agreement within a factor

• f 2 at most monitoring sites

Modeling results on 4 indicator PAHs (B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, IP) for 2013

Modelling results on HBCDD and PBDE

PRESSURE-3/2015

Evaluation of HBCDD and PBDE (BDE-47) long-range transport potential (TD) and overall persistence

TD

Modelled HBCDD air concentrations for evaluation of Transport distance

2000 4000 6000 8000

HCB B[a]P BDE-47 HBCDD Transport distance TD0.001, km

Modelling results on HBCDD and PBDE

PRESSURE-3/2015

HBCDD PBDE (BDE-47)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Air Soil Sea Vegetation Content Degradation 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Air Soil Sea Vegetation Content Degradation

Distribution in environmental compartments and degradation (in %)

Concluding remarks

PRESSURE-3/2015

• EMEP POP model is capable to reasonably well describe long-range transport

and fate of POPs in case when there exist appropriate emission data and measurement data to verify modelling results

• Evaluation of PCDD/F, PAH and PCB pollution is included in the routine

activities of EMEP (compilation of emissions, monitoring, and model assessment)

• PBDEs, HBCDD, and PFOS are currently under consideration for the inclusion

to the CLRTAP Protocol on POPs

• For PBDE pilot evaluation of pollution levels for the Baltic Sea region can be

performed on one-year basis using TNO emission inventory

• The work on HBCDD and PFOS requires further cooperation with national

experts with regard to preparation of emission data and refinement of physical-chemical properties for PFOS