Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Disorders?

Sunjay Sethi Laboratory of Dr. Pamela Lein 04/27/2018

What Are Polychlorinated Biphenyls?

• PCBs are a class of persistent organic

pollutants

• Used in industry from 1920s until their

ban in the late 1970s

• High chemical stability and low

flammability

• Mainly used for electrical insulation as

heat dissipater

• Half life of decades

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

• 209 possible congeners depending on placement
• f chlorines and degree of chlorination

PCB Exposure

• Although they are banned

they are still ubiquitous in

• ur environment
• Detectable levels in various

human tissues and in women and children

Marek et al (2013) Environ Sci Technol 47(7):3353-61 Mitchell et al (2012) Environ Mol Mutagen 53(8):589-98

PCBs And Neurodevelopment

• Weight of evidence suggests that PCBs are

developmental neurotoxicants

• Multiple epidemiologic cohorts world wide have linked

higher PCB exposure in utero with poorer cognitive function in adolescence

Stewart et al (2008) Environ Health Perspect 116(10):1416-22 Tatsuta et al (2014) Environ Res 133:321-6

PCBs And Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Recently studies have shown that PCBs may also be

risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Sagiv et al (2010) Am J Epidemiol 171(5):593-601 Lyall et al (2017) Environ Health Perspect 125(3):474-80

Ultrasonic Vocalizations - Communication

• Mice will emit vocalizations

in the ultrasonic range that can be picked up by sensitive equipment.

• Pup is removed from cage

and placed into chamber for 3 minutes. Number of calls is recorded.

Self Grooming – Repetitive Behavior

• Empty cage
• 10 minute habituation phase
• 10 minute testing phase
• Higher levels of grooming

are signs of repetitive behavior

1)Ten minutes in center chamber (doors closed) 2)Ten minutes with access to all chambers (doors open) 3)Ten minutes with novel

• bject and novel mouse

(doors open)

Automated Social Approach

Acknowledgements

Pamela Lein Birgit Puschner Kim Keil Michelle (Jan) Guignet Hao Chen Donald Bruun Suren Bandara Suang Supasai Lauren Matelski Keri Hayakawa Cameron Flayer Emma Karey Xiaopeng Chen Gary Wayman Hans-Jaochim Lehmler The rest of the Lein Lab! Funding NIEHS Grants ES014901 ES013661 T32 ES007059 Floyd and Mary Schwall Fellowship