PLANT SAFETY An overview Gareth Langston HM Inspector of Health - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PLANT SAFETY An overview Gareth Langston HM Inspector of Health - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 18, 2022 532 likes •1.31k views

Health and Safety Health and Safety Executive Executive PLANT SAFETY An overview Gareth Langston HM Inspector of Health and Safety - Construction Statistics Mobile Plant Small Tools and Equipment Health Fatal injuries to

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Health and Safety Executive Health and Safety Executive

PLANT SAFETY

An overview

Gareth Langston HM Inspector of Health and Safety - Construction

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  • Statistics
  • Mobile Plant
  • Small Tools and

Equipment

  • Health
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Fatal injuries to workers in the Construction sector by injury kind – 2010/11 to 2014/15

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Statistics (all construction plant)

  • RIDDOR reported 2005 – 2010

Plant type Fatal Major Over 3 day Excavator 27 384 435 Dumper 6 191 144 Dump truck 4 114 134 Bulldozer 4 20 33 Load shovel 5 21 39 Crusher 2 5 7

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Excavator incidents (2005 – 10)

Fatal Major Over 3 day Struck by 14 155 178 Falling objects 5 74 69 Crushed / trapped / overturned 7 33 57 Fall from height 1 5 5

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HSE Guidance Available

Guidance available from HSE website –

  • Traffic Management
  • Mobile Plant & Vehicles
  • Excavators
  • Telehandlers
  • MEWPs
  • Dumpers

HSG144 www.hse.gov.uk/construction/safetytopics

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Other Guidance

HSE – Information Sheets CIS No.52 Safe Use of Site Dumpers GIS No.6 The Selection Management and Use of MEWPs Construction Plant-hire Association (CPA) website

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HSG144 - The objectives

  • Safe Site
  • Safe Vehicle
  • Safe People
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The hierarchy

  • Avoid / Reduce

– Plan to reduce vehicle movements sfarp (delivery planning) – Eliminate / reduce reversing using one way systems – Selection of plant/equipment

  • Segregate

– Design of site entrances – Provision of barriers to walkways – Exclusion zones

  • Control

– Trained and competent operators – Maintenance – Signs and warnings – Trained vehicle marshals (banksmen)

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Safe site

  • SSoW
  • Risks from machinery movements considered in RAMS
  • Risks include machine movement around site and moving

parts of the machine – Safe entrances – Traffic routes – Exclusion zones

  • Pedestrian segregation implemented

– Barriers, briefings, plans, warning signs

  • Vehicle marshallers and “Banksmen” competent at control

and self preservation

  • Environmental and ground conditions
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Safe entrances – larger site

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Safe entrances – smaller site

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What we tend to see

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Communicate

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Communicate

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Segregation (large site)

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Segregation (smaller site)

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Demarcated walkways

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Segregation, protection

Barrier off or use stop blocks

  • Embankment edges
  • Excavation edges
  • Water
  • Sensitive structures
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No protection

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Protection to traffic route

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Preventing overrun

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Not a good idea

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No stop blocks (baulks)

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Effective stop block (baulk)?

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Effective stop block (baulk)?

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Deliveries

  • Designated loading bays
  • Designated storage areas
  • Protected / warnings (segregation)
  • Proximity to point of use
  • Safe work at height
  • Safe lifting practices
  • Safe vehicle marshalling
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Segregated delivery point

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Falls during deliveries

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Site loading bay (collective prevention)

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Personal fall prevention

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Fall mitigation, loading bay (collective)

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Safe Machines

  • Selection – correct tool for the job e.g.
  • Tracked vehicles on soft ground
  • Demolition machine not 360 excavator
  • Lifting attachments
  • Size – neither too big nor too small
  • Design e.g.
  • Tail swing .v. Zero tail swing
  • Driver’s Visibility

– Direct – Indirect (mirrors) – Vision aids (CCTV and radar

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Safe Machines (Cont.)

  • Safe access, including for maintenance
  • Driver protection

– ROPS – Seat restraint – FOPS – Environmental (noise, dust, vibration)

  • Inspection, Maintenance and Thorough

Examination

  • Risks from machinery breakdown and repair

adequately assessed

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Mobile Plant Hazards

  • Most injuries occur when:
  • Moving – Pedestrian strikes, particularly while reversing

– Dumper overturns

  • Slewing – trapping a person between the excavator and a

fixed structure or vehicle

  • Working – moving bucket or other attachment strikes a

pedestrian or when a bucket inadvertently falls from the excavator.

  • Lifting –

Overturns trapping operator or persons nearby – Operators fall from MEWP basket – Entrapment of MEWP operators between fixed structures

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Controlling the risks

  • Exclusion
  • Clearance: When slewing in a confined space

select plant with minimal tail swing. Clearance of

  • ver 0.5m needs to be maintained.
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Controlling the risk - Safe access

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Controlling the risks - Visibility

Sightlines and reversing

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Limited direct vision

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Indirect vision and vision aids

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Problems with vision aids

  • Active not passive
  • Activate
  • Look at it
  • Perceive and assess [distortion]
  • React
  • Unreliable
  • Damage or mal-adjustment
  • Weather…..sun, rain
  • Dirt
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Poor sightlines, even with proper adjustment

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What can go wrong ?

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It had mirrors and a camera

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But the mirrors didn’t help

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And neither did the camera

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Stability - Telehandlers, the site workhorse

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But not always stable

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Controlling the risks

  • Ground conditions: Work on sloping, uneven or

unstable ground. Manholes? Telehandlers normally require prepared, flat, graded surfaces to operate safely. Even rough-terrain lift trucks have limitations.

  • Loading: Prevent overloading. Select correct

vehicle and attachments. Lifting plans. Moving with a raised load is dangerous and should be avoided at all times.

  • Speed: site speed limit
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Offloading in an exclusion zone

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Or is it ? (any other problems ?)

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Use the right attachments

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Load swing and CoG

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What can go wrong

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Use MEWPs instead for lifting persons

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Dumpers - Stability

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Quick hitches

Deaths have occurred where bucket has fallen from the machine.

  • Manual systems do not feature in the statistics
  • Semi-automatic systems are by far the majority,

and occur where the operator has failed to insert the safety pin

  • Incidents with automatic systems do occur,

usually due to the operating not engaging the bucket fully, or due to component failure (maintenance?)

  • Lifting only with lifting eye on the QH or other

attachment

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Quick Hitches - Maintenance

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Vehicle maintenance

  • Must be maintained in safe condition
  • Daily pre use checks

– Steering – Brakes – Lights, visibility aids – Warning systems, interlocks and CCTV

  • Reporting of defects
  • Formal periodic inspections (LOLER)
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Poor maintenance

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Poor maintenance

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Safe People - Competent operatives

  • Safe driver

– Trained for tasks

  • Driving on road
  • Driving on site
  • Lifting operations
  • Appreciation of ground conditions
  • Daily checks
  • Defect reporting
  • Avoiding distractions

– Fit for work

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The main problems

  • Lack of driver training
  • Lack of banksman training
  • Lack of lifting operations training
  • Lack of planning
  • One off “do me a favour”
  • Distractions
  • Lack of awareness of risk
  • “I’ve always done it this way”
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Banksmen, right and wrong

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Training and guidance

  • CPCS (Administered by CITB)

– Pant operators

  • Dumpers
  • Telehandlers
  • Lorry loaders
  • Banksmen
  • ALLMI (association of lorry loader manufacturers

and importers)

  • NPORS (National plant operator’s registration

scheme)

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Training and guidance

  • CPA (Construction plant hire association)

– Safe use of telehandlers – Excavators used for lifting – Medical fitness – Ground conditions – Competence – Safe use of lorry loaders (jointly badged with CPA) – Safe use of remote controls (jointly badged with CPA)

  • CPA website www.cpa.uk.net
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Think Health

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Accident v Ill Health Fatalities

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Construction health headlines

  • 98% work place deaths caused by
  • ccupational disease
  • 10 people every week die from silica
  • Noise induced hearing loss for construction

3x industry average

  • Hand arm vibration for construction 4.5x

industry average

  • 50 000 reported manual handing injuries
  • Average time off per incident is 19 days
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Selection of plant and equipment

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Selection - Control risk

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Small Equipment - Maintenance

  • Maintain guards
  • Maintain extraction
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Select and Maintain To reduce:

  • Noise
  • Vibration
  • Dust
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Thank you

Any questions ?