Health and Safety Health and Safety Executive Executive PLANT SAFETY An overview Gareth Langston HM Inspector of Health and Safety - Construction
• Statistics • Mobile Plant • Small Tools and Equipment • Health
Fatal injuries to workers in the Construction sector by injury kind – 2010/11 to 2014/15
Statistics (all construction plant) • RIDDOR reported 2005 – 2010 Plant type Fatal Major Over 3 day Excavator 27 384 435 Dumper 6 191 144 Dump truck 4 114 134 Bulldozer 4 20 33 Load shovel 5 21 39 Crusher 2 5 7
Excavator incidents (2005 – 10) Fatal Major Over 3 day Struck by 14 155 178 Falling objects 5 74 69 Crushed / trapped 7 33 57 / overturned Fall from height 1 5 5
HSE Guidance Available Guidance available from HSE website – • Traffic Management • Mobile Plant & Vehicles • Excavators • Telehandlers • MEWPs • Dumpers HSG144 www.hse.gov.uk/construction/safetytopics
Other Guidance HSE – Information Sheets CIS No.52 Safe Use of Site Dumpers GIS No.6 The Selection Management and Use of MEWPs Construction Plant-hire Association (CPA) website
HSG144 - The objectives • Safe Site • Safe Vehicle • Safe People
The hierarchy • Avoid / Reduce – Plan to reduce vehicle movements sfarp (delivery planning) – Eliminate / reduce reversing using one way systems – Selection of plant/equipment • Segregate – Design of site entrances – Provision of barriers to walkways – Exclusion zones • Control – Trained and competent operators – Maintenance – Signs and warnings – Trained vehicle marshals (banksmen)
Safe site • SSoW • Risks from machinery movements considered in RAMS • Risks include machine movement around site and moving parts of the machine – Safe entrances – Traffic routes – Exclusion zones • Pedestrian segregation implemented – Barriers, briefings, plans, warning signs • Vehicle marshallers and “Banksmen” competent at control and self preservation • Environmental and ground conditions
Safe entrances – larger site
Safe entrances – smaller site
What we tend to see
Communicate
Communicate
Segregation (large site)
Segregation (smaller site)
Demarcated walkways
Segregation, protection Barrier off or use stop blocks • Embankment edges • Excavation edges • Water • Sensitive structures
No protection
Protection to traffic route
Preventing overrun
Not a good idea
No stop blocks (baulks)
Effective stop block (baulk)?
Effective stop block (baulk)?
Deliveries • Designated loading bays • Designated storage areas • Protected / warnings (segregation) • Proximity to point of use • Safe work at height • Safe lifting practices • Safe vehicle marshalling
Segregated delivery point
Falls during deliveries
Site loading bay (collective prevention)
Personal fall prevention
Fall mitigation, loading bay (collective)
Safe Machines • Selection – correct tool for the job e.g. • Tracked vehicles on soft ground • Demolition machine not 360 excavator • Lifting attachments • Size – neither too big nor too small • Design e.g. • Tail swing .v. Zero tail swing • Driver’s Visibility – Direct – Indirect (mirrors) – Vision aids (CCTV and radar
Safe Machines (Cont.) • Safe access, including for maintenance • Driver protection – ROPS – Seat restraint – FOPS – Environmental (noise, dust, vibration) • Inspection, Maintenance and Thorough Examination • Risks from machinery breakdown and repair adequately assessed
Mobile Plant Hazards • Most injuries occur when: • Moving – Pedestrian strikes, particularly while reversing – Dumper overturns • Slewing – trapping a person between the excavator and a fixed structure or vehicle • Working – moving bucket or other attachment strikes a pedestrian or when a bucket inadvertently falls from the excavator. • Lifting – Overturns trapping operator or persons nearby – Operators fall from MEWP basket – Entrapment of MEWP operators between fixed structures
Controlling the risks • Exclusion • Clearance: When slewing in a confined space select plant with minimal tail swing. Clearance of over 0.5m needs to be maintained .
Controlling the risk - Safe access
Controlling the risks - Visibility Sightlines and reversing
Limited direct vision
Indirect vision and vision aids
Problems with vision aids • Active not passive • Activate • Look at it • Perceive and assess [distortion] • React • Unreliable • Damage or mal-adjustment • Weather…..sun, rain • Dirt
Poor sightlines, even with proper adjustment
What can go wrong ?
It had mirrors and a camera
But the mirrors didn’t help
And neither did the camera
Stability - Telehandlers, the site workhorse
But not always stable
Controlling the risks • Ground conditions: Work on sloping, uneven or unstable ground. Manholes? Telehandlers normally require prepared, flat, graded surfaces to operate safely. Even rough-terrain lift trucks have limitations. • Loading: Prevent overloading. Select correct vehicle and attachments. Lifting plans. Moving with a raised load is dangerous and should be avoided at all times. • Speed: site speed limit
Offloading in an exclusion zone
Or is it ? (any other problems ?)
Use the right attachments
Load swing and CoG
What can go wrong
Use MEWPs instead for lifting persons
Dumpers - Stability
Quick hitches Deaths have occurred where bucket has fallen from the machine. • Manual systems do not feature in the statistics • Semi-automatic systems are by far the majority, and occur where the operator has failed to insert the safety pin • Incidents with automatic systems do occur, usually due to the operating not engaging the bucket fully, or due to component failure (maintenance?) • Lifting only with lifting eye on the QH or other attachment
Quick Hitches - Maintenance
Vehicle maintenance • Must be maintained in safe condition • Daily pre use checks – Steering – Brakes – Lights, visibility aids – Warning systems, interlocks and CCTV • Reporting of defects • Formal periodic inspections (LOLER)
Poor maintenance
Poor maintenance
Safe People - Competent operatives • Safe driver – Trained for tasks • Driving on road • Driving on site • Lifting operations • Appreciation of ground conditions • Daily checks • Defect reporting • Avoiding distractions – Fit for work
The main problems • Lack of driver training • Lack of banksman training • Lack of lifting operations training • Lack of planning • One off “do me a favour” • Distractions • Lack of awareness of risk • “I’ve always done it this way”
Banksmen, right and wrong
Training and guidance • CPCS (Administered by CITB) – Pant operators • Dumpers • Telehandlers • Lorry loaders • Banksmen • ALLMI (association of lorry loader manufacturers and importers) • NPORS (National plant operator’s registration scheme)
Training and guidance • CPA (Construction plant hire association) – Safe use of telehandlers – Excavators used for lifting – Medical fitness – Ground conditions – Competence – Safe use of lorry loaders (jointly badged with CPA) – Safe use of remote controls (jointly badged with CPA) • CPA website www.cpa.uk.net
Think Health
Accident v Ill Health Fatalities
Construction health headlines • 98% work place deaths caused by occupational disease • 10 people every week die from silica • Noise induced hearing loss for construction 3x industry average • Hand arm vibration for construction 4.5x industry average • 50 000 reported manual handing injuries • Average time off per incident is 19 days
Selection of plant and equipment
Selection - Control risk
Small Equipment - Maintenance • Maintain guards • Maintain extraction
Select and Maintain To reduce: • Noise • Vibration • Dust
Thank you Any questions ?
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