Piaget : Cognitive Developmental Theory Lindsey Gardner & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Piaget : Cognitive Developmental Theory

Lindsey Gardner & Leslie Wells

Historical Influences

• Jean Piaget
• Passion for Biology
• “Big Three”
• Immanuel Kant
• Categories, Schemata, & Constructivism
• Herbert Spencer
• Synthetic Principle
• Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny
• Equilibration
• Heinz & Flavell
• Popularized Piaget in U.S.

Jean Piaget

Internal Principles

• Assimilation
• Accommodation
• Equilibration

All Activity can be characterized by two opposing tendencies- Assimilation & Accommodation

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Assimilation

• Assimilation: the tendency toward self-preservation and the

incorporation of environmental sensations into the activities and systems already possessed by an individual

• Making it “fit”
• Example: Children “cooking” in their play kitchen.

Accommodation

• Accommodation: the complement to assimilation; it entails adjustments the

individual makes to the real world

Equilibration

• Constructivist paradigm
• Balance between assimilation

and accommodation

• One of Piaget’s most important

concepts A process in which assimilation and accommodation are brought into balance

Functional Invariants

Relationship between four key Piagetian concepts.

• Organization
• Adaptation
• Assimilation
• Accommodation
• “It is by adapting to things

that thought organizes itself and it is by organizing itself that it structures things.” –

Piaget, 1963

Principles

• Schema
• Schemata
• Cognitive Operations
• Appear between 7 and 8 years
• Operative & Figurative Aspects of Knowledge
• Figurative: Touch, Smell, Hearing, Vision, Taste
• Operative: Classification, Order, Composition, Arrangement
• Cognitive Structures
• “stages”

Cognitive Structures

• Includes:
• Sensorimotor stage
• Preoperational stage
• Concrete Operational stage
• Formal Operational stage
• Very Important
• 3 Main Features of Stages

“The difference between one cognitive stage and another is not a matter of knowing more; it is a difference in cognitive structure that a child applies to makings sense of the world” –Green & Piel (2010) p. 311

Sensorimotor stage

• Ages Birth – 2 (with six substages)
• Sub-stages 1 through 3
• Reflex
• Differentiation
• Coordination
• Sub-stages 4 through 5 (8-12 mo.)
• Object permanence
• Intention
• Sub-stage 6
• Mental representation
• Internalization

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Preoperational stage

• Ages 2 – 7 or 8
• Semiotic (Mental Functions)
• Narrow Field of Attention
• Immaculate Perception
• Subjective Egocentrism
• Animism & Artificialism
• Transductive Reasoning

Concrete Operational stage

• Ages 6 or 7 – early adolescence +
• Creates rational thought, cannot

think abstractly

• Concrete
• Cognitive Reversibility
• Logical Operations of Classification

& Relationship

• Concept of Numbers

Formal Operational stage

• Ages 12 to 14 – adulthood
• Reorganizes concrete to

propositional logic

• Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning
• Multivariate Thinking
• Recursive Thought
• Subordination of Reality to

Possibility

Change Mechanism

• Biological Maturation
• Physical Experience
• Logico-mathematical Experience
• Social Transmission
• Equilibrium

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Validity and Adequacy

Developmental Adequacy

• Temporality
• Cumulativity
• Directionality
• Increased Complexity
• New Mode of Organization
• Increased Capacity for Self-

Control Scientific Validity

• Testability
• External Validity
• Predictive Validity
• Internal Consistency
• Theoretical Economy

Application

• Interpretability
• Versatility
• Availability
• Guidance

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The End! Any Questions?

References

(picture) Accommodation (2013). Retrieved November 1, 2015 from A.Dizon http://ms- dizon.blogspot.com/ 2013/05/assimilation-vs-accommodation.html (picture) Assimilation (2013). Retrieved November 1, 2015 from A.Dizon http://ms- dizon.blogspot.com/2013/05/ assimilation-vs-accommodation.html Baillargeon, R. (2004). Infants’ physical world. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 89-94. Baillargeon, R., Stavans, M., Wu, D., Gertner, R., Setoh, Pl, Kittredge, A.K., & Bernard, A. (2012). Object individuation and physical reasoning in infancy: An integrative account. Language Learning and Development, 8, 4-46. (picture) Concrete operations. (n.d.) Retrieved November, 1, 2015 from Mind 2 Matters online modules http://www.ablongman.com/html/mindmatters2/html/m7/m714.html DeVries, R., Zan, B., & Hildebrandt, C. (2002). Issues in constructivist early moral education. Early Education And Development 13, 313-343. doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1303_5 (picture) Equilibration. (2015). Retrieved November 1, 2015 from Haikudeck https://www.haikudeck.com/piagets-reflection- education-presentation-gHYu52upTH Flavell, J. H. (1963). The development theory of Jean Piaget. New York, NY: D. Van Nostrand. Green, M., & Piel, J. A. (2010). Theories of human development. Boston, MA: Pearson

References Cont.

Jenning, H. (2007). Conservation task. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtLEWVu815o Kohler, R. (2008). Jean Piaget. London, England: Bloomsbury. Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams and imitation in childhood. New York, NY: Norton. Piaget, J. (2002). Judgment and reasoning in the child. [electronic resource]. London: Routledge. Piaget, J. (2007). The construction of reality in the child [electronic resource] Jean Piaget. Oxfordshire, England: Routledge. (picture) Preoperational stage of development. (2013). Retrieved November 1, 2015 from the sociologycanvas Wiki http://sociologycanvas.pbworks.com/w/page/61769206/Preoperational%20stage%20of%20development

• ProfKelley. (2012, September 25). Illustration of schema, assimilation, & accommodation [Video File]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-A9SgbAK5I (picture) Proportional reasoning. (2014). Retrieved November 1, 2015 from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning Wang, S., Baillargeon, R., & Brueckner, L. (2004). Young infants’ reasoning about hidden objects: Evidence from violation-of expectation tasks with test trials only. Cognition, 93, 167-198.