PFAS Whats Happening Now? WACO Meeting - September 6, 2019 Jason - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PFAS Whats Happening Now? WACO Meeting - September 6, 2019 Jason - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PFAS Whats Happening Now? WACO Meeting - September 6, 2019 Jason Dadakis Executive Director of Water Quality & Technical Resources Orange County Water District Outline Background Regulatory Update Sources of PFAS to OC

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PFAS – What’s Happening Now?

WACO Meeting - September 6, 2019 Jason Dadakis Executive Director of Water Quality & Technical Resources Orange County Water District

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Outline

  • Background
  • Regulatory Update
  • Sources of PFAS to OC Groundwater Basin
  • Pilot Treatment Testing & Planning Studies
  • Legislative Outreach
  • Next Steps
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BACKGROUND

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What Are PFAS, PFOA & PFOS?

  • PFAS = Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (family of 1000s of chemicals)
  • PFOA = Perfluorooctanoic Acid (C8HF15O2)
  • PFOS = Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (C8HF17O3S)
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Where are PFAS found?

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PFAS Used Across A Wide Range of Industries and Consumer Products

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FDA: PFAS Occurrence in Food

  • Meats & seafood
  • Produce irrigated with PFAS-

impacted water

  • Milk from dairy using feed

grown with PFAS-impacted water and/or soils

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PFAS Exposure Pathways

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REGULATORY UPDATE

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OCWD PFAS Timeline

  • 2009: USEPA Provisional Health Advisories for PFOA & PFOS

– PFOA = 400 ng/L – PFOS = 200 ng/L

  • 2013 – 2015: OCWD lab performs UCMR3 for local Producers (retailers)
  • 2016: USEPA Lifetime Health Advisory: PFOA + PFOS = 70 ng/L
  • 2018 (July): CA DDW issues interim Notification & Response Levels

– NL PFOA = 14 ng/L  must notify local governing body – NL PFOS = 13 ng/L  must notify local governing body – RL PFOA + PFOS = 70 ng/L  DDW recommends source removal/treat/blend

  • 2019 (March): CA DDW issues PFAS Monitoring Orders to 12 Producers
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California Notification & Response Levels Are Unique

  • Defined generally in state law (Health and Safety §116455)
  • Idea is to provide advisory levels ahead of enforceable MCLs
  • Specifics on how to determine are DDW policy
  • Only legal requirement: notification of governing body if > Notification Level
  • All other actions are recommendations from DDW policy
  • Setting Notification and Response Levels does not require

– Peer review – Public notice – Public comment

  • AB 756 increases PFAS notification requirements Jan 2020
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  • 612 Wells
  • 192 Water Systems
  • 36 Counties
  • Requires one year
  • f quarterly testing

CA DDW PFAS Monitoring Orders Issued in March 2019

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12 OCWD Producers Received Testing Orders for 53 total wells

Producer Rationale

Anaheim Near UCMR3 detection or Landfill Buena Park Nearby Landfill East Orange County Water District Nearby UCMR3 detection City of Fullerton Nearby UCMR3 detection City of Garden Grove Nearby UCMR3 detection Irvine Ranch Water District Nearby UCMR3 detection or Airport Knotts Berry Farm Nearby Landfill Liberty Park Water Association Nearby Landfill City of Orange Nearby UCMR3 detection City of Santa Ana Nearby UCMR3 detection Serrano Water District Nearby UCMR3 detection Yorba Linda Water District Nearby UCMR3 detection

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  • Only CA public agency lab w/ state certification for PFAS testing

(EPA 537 Rev1.1 = 14 PFAS targets)

  • Sample collection guidance from State

– No pre-packaged food, fast food wrappers, or foil – No waterproof field notebooks, ink, or clothing

  • Analysis and data reporting takes 2-3 weeks

– Sample preparation (extraction) – Instrument analysis (LC-MS-MS) – Quality Assurance & Data Review

OCWD Laboratory: Testing for PFAS since 2013

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Producers with One or More Recent Monitoring Order Results Greater Than DDW NLs for PFOA or PFOS Producer

Anaheim East Orange County Water District City of Fullerton City of Garden Grove Irvine Ranch Water District City of Orange City of Santa Ana Serrano Water District Yorba Linda Water District

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August 23: New DDW Notification Levels

  • No USEPA or CA enforceable Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)…yet
  • Some other states have advisory values and proposed MCLs
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State Type

PFOA (ng/L) PFOS (ng/L)

Other PFAS MI Advisory Panel Recommendation 8 16 MN Health Based Guidance for Water 35 15 PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA, NH Proposed MCL 12 15 PFHxS = 18, PFNA = 11 NJ Pending MCL 14 13 PFNA = 13 NY Proposed MCL 10 10 VT Drinking Water Health Advisory 20 combined w/ PFHxS, PFHpa, & PFNA PA Proposed MCL (via legislation) 5 5 WI Proposed Standard 20 combined MA Proposed MCL 20 combined w/ PFHxS, PFHpA, & PFNA

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Effects of lowering DDW Response Level

  • Two OCWD area wells > 70 ng/L PFOA + PFOS Response Level (shutdown)
  • Reducing Response Level to PFOA = 10 ppt and PFOS = 40 ppt

– 39 of 51 OC wells tested under Monitoring Orders would exceed RL in OCWD area – Project ~71 out of ~200 OCWD area wells *could* exceed (~100,000 acre-ft/yr pumping)

  • Preliminary estimates of OCWD area financial Impacts

– If 39 wells lost = $30 million/yr in replacement treated imported water – If 71 wells lost = $50 million/yr in replacement treated imported water – Wellhead treatment for 71 wells = ~$850 million capital + 30-year O&M (very preliminary!!)

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DDW Database*: Other Counties & Agencies Affected

  • Los Angeles County

– Santa Clarita Valley Water – Pico Rivera – Glendale – Montebello – La Habra Heights

  • Riverside County

– Corona – Riverside – Elsinore Valley – Rubidoux CSD – Desert Water Agency – Eastern Municipal Water District

  • San Luis Obispo County
  • Alameda County

– Zone 7 Water Agency – Pleasanton

  • Butte County

– Cal Water Service Co – Chico – Cal water Service Co. - Oroville

* 75% of Ordered Systems Reporting

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POTENTIAL SOURCES OF PFAS TO OC GROUNDWATER BASIN

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Potential Local PFAS Sources

  • Military Bases

– Former MCAS Tustin – Former MCAS El Toro – JFTB Los Alamitos

  • Municipal Airports
  • Landfills
  • Industrial Discharge/Release
  • Fire Training Areas
  • Water Supplies used to replenish OC Groundwater Basin
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Managed Aquifer Recharge Portfolio WY 2017-18 Total Recharge = 286,735 af (Local dry year)

Santa Ana River (SAR) Base Flow 24%

Captured Storm Flow 7%

Raw MWD Imported Water 23% Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) 37%

Incidental 9%

69,232 af

19,723 af

66,114 af 105,554 af

26,112 af

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GWRS & MWD results

  • GWRS

– OCSD Secondary Effluent = 25–38 ng/L PFOA + PFOS – GWRS Final Product = Not detected (ND) – Reverse Osmosis = effective PFAS treatment

  • MWD OC-28: Not detected for PFOA & PFOS
  • Other MWD data non-detect for PFOA & PFOS
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Santa Ana River (SAR)

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PFAS in SAR at Imperial Hwy

Aug 2016 – Present

Averages (ng/L)

PFOA: 20 PFOS: 17 PFOA+PFOS: 37 Min / Max (ng/L) PFOA: 10 / 40 PFOS: 10 / 28 PFOA+PFOS: 21 / 59

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PFOA: 24 PFOS: 23 PFOA: 22 PFOS: 16 (n = 19) PFOA: 17 PFOS: 10 PFOA: 25 PFOS: 2

PFOA: 6 PFOS: ND

Upper SAR Watershed Monitoring

Surface Water Site (SAR or Creek) POTW Facility Effluent to SAR

(Sites with n=2 / Site with n=8)

PFOA & PFOS Results (ng/L)

Average Reported for sites with multiple samples PFOA: 24 PFOS: 2

PFOA: 13 PFOS: 15 PFOA: 10 PFOS: ND PFOA: 15 PFOS: 14 PFOA: 18 PFOS: 7

PFOA: 41 PFOS: 29 PFOA: 16 PFOS: 11

PFOA: 9 PFOS: 10

PFOA: 16 PFOS: 14

PFOA: 11 PFOS: 15

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Occurrence of PFAS compounds in conventionally treated wastewater is well-established in literature

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OCWD PILOT TREATMENT & PLANNING STUDIES

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PFAS Treatment Technologies

  • Higher capital cost,

concentrate disposal

Carbon Adsorption: granular activated carbon (GAC) Ion Exchange (IX) resin Reverse Osmosis or Nanofiltration (RO or NF)

  • More conventional treatment, site specific,

WQ factors in, footprint area also

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OCWD Field Pilot Testing

  • Pilot will assess GAC, IX, and new

alternative sorbents

  • Laboratory bench-scale testing of GAC

with multiple Producer groundwaters

  • Consultant support from Jacobs
  • Testing to begin in October  8-12

months

  • Goal: inform & accelerate local retail

agencies’ future treatment decisions

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Planning Study with Producers

  • Goal: assess implementation of treatment for individual Producers

– Number of wells impacted – Location of wells impacted – Space available – Number of treatment systems required – Integration into Producer operations – DDW Permitting & CEQA assessment – Planning-level capital cost estimates

  • Supplement to Treatment Pilot Testing activities
  • Proposals due September 19th
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LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS

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State Legislation

  • AB 756 (C. Garcia) PFAS

– Amended to largely be redundant to current State Board regulations/policy – Still contains some enhanced public notification requirements – Passed Assembly & Senate, signed by Governor, effective January 2020 – OCWD took an oppose position and sent a veto request to Governor

  • AB 841 (Ting) PFAS

– Would require OEHHA to adopt a work plan by 2021 – Plan to assess which PFAS should be identified as a potential risk to human health – Consideration given to PFAS likely to be present in CA water and feasible to detect – OCWD took a support position; this bill is now a 2-year bill

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Federal Legislation

Senate: National Defense Authorization Act (S. 1790)

  • S. 1507 amended into S. 1790 to mandate the establishment of a federal Maximum

Contaminant Level (MCL). Sponsor: James Inhofe (R-OK)

  • OCWD took a support position on S. 1507 provisions
  • Status: S. 1790 Passed by the Senate

House: National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 2500)

  • Adds PFAS to toxic pollutants list under Federal Water Pollution Control Act, allowing EPA to

publish effluent & pretreatment standards. Sponsor: Chris Pappas (D-NH)

  • Requires the EPA to list PFAS as hazardous substances under CERCLA within one year

Sponsor: Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-MI)

  • Status: H.R. 2500 Passed by the House

Differences in bills to be worked out in Conference Committee in Sept

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Legislative Outreach

  • Orange County House Congressional Delegation, including joint letter to U.S.

EPA seeking MCL standard coordinated through Congressman Correa’s office

  • OCWD met with Steven Cook, Deputy Assistant Administrator, U.S. EPA Office
  • f Land and Emergency Management
  • Working with public stakeholders:

– AWWA – AMWA – WEF – NACWA – CASA – ACWA – WateReuse – Solid Waste Companies

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Outreach (Cont.)

Meetings with State Elected Officials: Meetings with Federal Elected Officials Senator John Moorlach Congressman Harley Rouda Assemblymember Sharon Quirk-Silva Congressman Gil Cisneros Assemblymember Cottie Petrie-Norris Assemblymember Steven Choi Meetings with State Electeds’ staff: Meetings with Federal Electeds’ Staff: Senator Tom Umberg Senator Dianne Feinstein Senator Ling Ling Chang Congresswoman Katie Porter Senator Bob Archuleta Congressman Lou Correa Senator Patricia Bates Congressman Alan Lowenthal Assemblymember Tom Daly Assemblymember Phillip Chen Orange County Supervisors Assemblymember Tyler Diep Chiefs of Staff To All OC Supervisors

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Next Steps

  • State

– Set new Response Level in Fall 2019? – Begin enforceable MCL process by requesting PHG from OEHHA – Address multiple PFAS beyond PFOA & PFOS? – Additional Monitoring Orders (e.g., WWTPs, more drinking water wells)

  • OCWD

– Engage DDW/OEHHA on Response Level – Laboratory certification for EPA 537.1 (18 PFAS targets) – Producers: interim wellhead treatment and/or increased imported water? – Pilot testing and long-term treatment planning studies

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Thank you! Questions?

Jason Dadakis Executive Director of Water Quality & Technical Resources Orange County Water District (714) 378-3364 jdadakis@ocwd.com