PERIOD 3: 1754-1800 APUSH MS. JUSTICE - BHS TRIUMPH & TENSIONS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PERIOD 3: 1754-1800 APUSH MS. JUSTICE - BHS TRIUMPH & TENSIONS - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 07, 2023 343 likes •1.07k views

PERIOD 3: 1754-1800 APUSH MS. JUSTICE - BHS TRIUMPH & TENSIONS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE A FRAGILE PEACE Ohio Valley Key to controlling N. America British French Iroquois Confederacy Local Indians THE SEVEN YEARS WAR IN

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PERIOD 3: 1754-1800

APUSH – MS. JUSTICE - BHS

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TRIUMPH & TENSIONS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE

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A FRAGILE PEACE

Ohio Valley

  • Key to controlling N. America
  • British
  • French
  • Iroquois Confederacy
  • Local Indians
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THE SEVEN YEARS WAR IN AMERICA

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THE SEVEN YEARS WAR

  • George Washington
  • General Edward Braddock: early defeats
  • Two turning points in 1758
  • Iroquois
  • William Pitt
  • Surrender of Montreal in 1760
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THE END OF FRENCH NORTH AMERICA

  • 1763 – Treaty of Paris
  • Land and claims east of the

Mississippi (except New Orleans)

  • Florida Britain
  • Treaty of Ildefonso
  • Acadians/Cajuns
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SLIDE 7

ANGLO-AMERICAN TENSIONS

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SLIDE 8
  • Pacifist Quakers
  • Quartering of British soldiers
  • Economic Concerns: profits & debt
  • King George III

ANGLO-AMERICAN FRICTION

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SLIDE 9
  • Allies vs. subjects
  • Pontiac’s War
  • Proclamation of 1763

FRONTIER TENSIONS

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IMPERIAL AUTHORITY & COLONIAL OPPOSITION

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WRITS OF ASSISTANCE

  • 1760
  • American merchants’ trade with the French
  • 1763 - Massachusetts Supreme Court
  • Challenged authority of Parliament
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SUGAR ACT

  • 1764
  • Raise revenue
  • Lowered tax on French molasses and

sugar

  • Tedious paperwork
  • Smuggling cases heard in British vice-

admiralty courts

  • Impacted urban port cities
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STAMP ACT

  • 1765
  • Stamped paper: newspapers, documents,

licenses, diplomas, legal documents, playing cards

  • Internal tax intended to raise money for Britain
  • Taxation without representation
  • Sons of Liberty
  • Stamp Act Congress
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IDEOLOGY, RELIGION, RESISTANCE

  • John Locke & the “social contract”
  • “republican” ideas
  • Protestant ministers – resistance to British

authority

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DOCUMENT 4.3 – THE STAMP ACT DOCUMENT 4.4 – PATRICK HENRY

Document 4.3 – The Stamp Act ▪ Read Doc. 4.3 and answer the first 2 Practicing Historical Thinking Qs (Identify & Analyze) on a separate sheet of paper (which will require you to read Doc. 4.2) Document 4.4 – Patrick Henry ▪ Read Doc. 4.4 and answer the Practicing Historical Thinking Qs on a separate sheet of paper (which will require you to read Doc. 3.9)

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RESISTANCE RESUMES

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QUARTERING ACT

  • 1765
  • New York Assembly 1766
  • Anti-American feelings in

Parliament

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TOWNSHEND DUTIES

  • 1767
  • Charles Townshend
  • Revenue Act – taxed glass,

paint, lead, paper, tea

  • John Dickinson
  • Samuel Adams
  • Sons of Liberty
  • Nonconsumption movement
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SLIDE 19
  • Customs “racketeering”
  • Wilkes and Liberty
  • Women and colonial resistance
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THE DEEPENING CRISIS

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THE BOSTON MASSACRE

  • 1770
  • 4,000 British soldiers in Boston
  • Frustrations erupted on March 5th
  • 6 wounded, 5 killed
  • Only 2 soldiers found guilty
  • Impact?
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CONFLICTS IN THE BACKCOUNTRY

  • Land-hungry colonists:
  • Paxton Boys
  • Green Mountain Boys
  • North and South Carolina Regulators
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TEA ACT

  • 1773
  • British East India Company monopoly
  • Sam Adams led the “Boston Tea Party”
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TOWARD INDEPENDENCE

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LIBERTY FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS

  • 1775
  • Virginia Governor Lord Dunmore’s

Proclamation

  • A military strategy
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THE “INTOLERABLE ACTS”

Parliament’s response to the Boston Tea Party:

  • Boston Port Bill
  • Massachusetts Government Act
  • Administration of Justice Act
  • Quartering Act
  • Quebec Act
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FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

  • In response to the Intolerable Acts
  • September 1774
  • 56 delegates
  • Defend the colonies’ rights in

common

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FROM RESISTANCE TO REBELLION

  • Spring 1775 patriots established provincial

congresses, collected arms, organized militia units (minutemen)

  • William Dawes and Paul Revere
  • Lexington and Concord (“the shot heard round the world”)
  • Second Continental Congress
  • Breed’s Hill/Bunker Hill
  • August 23 – King George III declared that

New England was in a state of rebellion

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COMMON SENSE

  • January 1776
  • Thomas Paine:
  • Against monarchies
  • America should ‘start over’ without all the corruptions from

Europe

  • Convinced a lot of undecided

people to lean towards rebellion

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DECLARING INDEPENDENCE

  • War seemed inevitable
  • Delegates from colonies met in Philadelphia
  • Adopted the Declaration of Independence on

July 2, 1776

  • Signed on July 4 (and following weeks)
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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE “BREAKUP LETTER”

Task: Put yourself in the role of the 13 American colonies & write a “breakup letter” from the colonies to Great Britain Use the format of the Declaration outlined below for your letter: ▪ Explain why you (in the role of the 13 colonies) are writing the letter and what is about to happen [Preamble] ▪ Explain how you thought the relationship was going to be [Statement of Beliefs] ▪ Describe the specific things you found wrong with the relationship [List of Complaints] ▪ Describe how you tried to change the relationship [Steps Taken to Address Complaints] ▪ Explain your current feelings and final decision [Declaration]

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LOYALISTS & OTHER BRITISH SYMPATHIZERS

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LOYALISTS & OTHER BRITISH SYMPATHIZERS

Loyalists/Tories Patriots/Whigs White colonists: 20% White colonists: 80% Slaves: 20, 000 African Am.: 5,000 Native Americans: most sided with British Native Americans: few sided with patriots

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THE OPPOSING SIDES: BRITAIN

11 million people Had to pay for it all Largest navy in the world Had to transport it all Exceptional army Debt = higher taxes Hessians and loyalists Had to defeat the colonists No formidable allies

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THE OPPOSING SIDES: THE COLONIES

Home-field advantage 2.5 million people

(1/3 were loyalists and slaves)

220, 000 troops Untrained army European allies (later) Most Indians fought with Britain Didn’t have to win – just

  • utlast British

Inexperienced officers Short-term service

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SLIDE 36

WAR & PEACE

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SHIFTING FORTUNES IN THE NORTH

  • British success early in the war
  • October 1777 – Battle of Saratoga was a

turning point

  • February 1778 - France formally recognized

the United States

  • Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
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VICTORY IN THE SOUTH

  • 1778 – war’s focus shifted
  • Battle of Yorktown
  • General Cornwallis surrendered on Oct. 19, 1781
  • 1783 - Treaty of Paris
  • Notably missing in the treaty…
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THE REVOLUTION & SOCIAL CHANGE

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SLIDE 40

SOCIAL CHANGE

  • Egalitarianism among white men
  • White women
  • African-Americans
  • Native Americans
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FORGING NEW GOVERNMENTS

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FROM COLONIES TO STATES

  • Bicameral legislatures
  • Voting requirements
  • State constitutions
  • Executive branch
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

  • Written in 1776
  • Ratified in 1781
  • Weak national

government / power to the states

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Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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SHAYS’ REBELLION

  • 1786
  • Daniel Shays
  • Significance?
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THE PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION

  • May 25, 1787 – September 17, 1787
  • 55 Delegates from all states but Rhode Island
  • Biggest hurdle = how to represent states in Congress
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SLAVERY & THE CONSTITUTION

  • Can’t interfere with the international slave trade for 20 years (until

1808)

  • Can’t prevent escaped slaves from being returned to their owners
  • Slaves count as 3/5 of a person for representation & taxation

purposes

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SLIDE 51
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CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT TAKES SHAPE

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IMPLEMENTING GOVERNMENT

▪ 1789 – George Washington & John Adams ▪ Political party? ▪ Inauguration – New York City

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THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY AND THE BILL OF RIGHTS

▪ The Judiciary Act of 1789 ▪ 1791 - Bill of Rights ratified

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SLIDE 55
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SLIDE 56

HAMILTON’S DOMESTIC POLICIES

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NATIONAL CREDIT & A NATIONAL BANK

▪ Alexander Hamilton – Sec. of the Treasury ▪ National debt = $54 million + $12 million ▪ Hamilton’s plan ▪ National bank ▪ Jefferson (Sec. of State) & Madison (Congressman) disapproved

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EMERGING PARTISANSHIP

Although there were no formal political parties… two distinct parties began to emerge… Federalists: Republicans: Wealthy Not as wealthy Northerners Southerners Easterners Westerners Hamilton, Washington, and Adams Jefferson and Madison

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THE WHISKEY REBELLION

▪ Hamilton’s tax on whiskey ▪ 1794 - Pennsylvania farmers refuse to pay the tax ▪ 13,000 militiamen ▪ Significance?

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THE UNITED STATES IN A WIDER WORLD

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CHALLENGING AMERICAN EXPANSION

▪ Disputed area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River ▪ 3 new states: ▪ Vermont ▪ Kentucky ▪ Tennessee

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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

▪ French inspired by the American Revolution ▪ Americans divided ▪ France declared war on Spain and Britain ▪ Edmond Genet (“Citizen Genet”) ▪ Washington’s proclamation of neutrality

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DIPLOMACY & WAR

▪ Treaty of Greenville ▪ Jay’s Treaty ▪ Pinckney’s Treaty

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PARTIES & POLITICS

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IDEOLOGY & POLITICAL PARTIES

▪ Federalists: ▪ Jefferson Republicans: ▪ Washington’s response:

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ELECTION OF 1796

▪ Federalist John Adams vs. Republican Thomas Jefferson

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THE ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS

▪ 1798 ▪ Federalists took a majority in both houses of Congress ▪ Passed the Alien Acts & the Sedition Act

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ELECTION OF 1800

▪ Role of political parties ▪ Power shift in executive branch ▪ No civil war ▪ A tie!

Aaron Burr Thomas Jefferson

  • J. Adams
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SOCIAL CHANGE

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SOCIAL CHANGE

▪ White women & “republican motherhood” ▪ Native Americans ▪ African-Americans